본 연구는 국내 및 외국인 기관투자자의 투자 기간이 기업의 배당정책과 어떠한 관계가 있는지를 분석하며, 특히 Yan and Zhang(2009)의 투자자 포트폴리오회전율 계산법을 사용하여 장기 및 단기 투자자를 구분한다. 주요 분석 결과들은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기관투자자 전체 지분율 또는 국내 및 외국인 기관투자자 지분율은 배당성향 및 배당수익률과 유의한 관계가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 기관투자자의 투자 기간에 따라 장기 기관투자자 지분 율은 배당성향과 유의한 양(+)의 관계가 나타났다. 반면, 단기 기관투자자 지분율은 배당성향 및 배당수익률과 유의한 관계가 나타나지 않았다. 셋째, 장기 국내 기관투자자 지분율은 배당성향과 유의한 양(+)의 관계가 나타난 반면, 단기 외국인 기관투자자 지분율은 배당성향과 유의한 음(-)의 관계가 나타났다. 이에 따라 장기 국내 기관투자자는 경영자 모니터링 역할을 수행하면서 배당 수익을 투자 목표로 추구하지만, 단기 외국인 기관투자자는 주식의 단기적인 매매를 통한 자본이득을 추구한다고 해석할 수 있다. 넷째, 장기 국내 기관투자자와 기업지 배구조의 상호작용 변수는 유의한 음(-)의 관계가 나타났다. 이에 따라 지배구조가 양호한 기업은 경영자 모니터링이 효과적으로 이루어지므로, 장기 국내 기관투자자는 배당 수익 보다는 장기적인 기업가치의 증가에 초점을 맞추는 것으로 해석된다. 다섯째, 기업지배구조가 양호할수록 경영자 모니터링이 효과적이고 대리인비용이 낮은 가운데, 배당성향이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 수익성 및 영업 현금흐름 비율이 높을수록 여유 현금흐름으로 인해 배당성향이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이와 대조적으로 기업의 자기자본수익률이 높을수록 배당성향은 낮아지는데, 수익성이 높은 경우 재투자에 현금흐름을 사용함에 따라 배당 지급은 줄어드는 것으로 해석된다. 또한, 기업 규모가 클수록 낮은 배당성향을 나타내서 규모가 큰 기업일수록 여유 현금을 배당 지급보다는 투자에 지출하는 경향이 있다고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 분석 결과들은 한국기업들이 장기 투자 기간을 가진 국내 및 외국인 기관투자 자를 주주로서 우대할 필요가 있음을 시사한다. 이를 위해 한국 기업들은 주주들의 주요 수익원으로 배당을 중요시하면서 배당성향과 배당수익률을 높이는 재무정책을 추구할 필요가 있다. 또한 기업지배구조를 개선하는 노력과 함께 자본적 지출, R&D 지출 등을 확대하면서 장기적인 기업가치를 증대시킬 수 있을 것이다.

This study aims to examine the antecedent factors of debt policy on the influence of firm growth on firm value. There was a total of 19 companies involved accounting for 95 observational data from a population of 169 companies listed on the Kompas 100 Index of the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2018. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, classic assumption tests, multiple regression, and hypothesis testing. The results prove that the firm growth, proxied by asset growth or sales growth, did not have a significant influence on the debt policy. Further, there was no significant influence of debt policy on firm value when using debt ratio and also dividend policy as a control variable. In contrast, there was a positive and significant influence on the firm value when using debt to equity ratio proxy, both with or without using the control variable. Therefore, the debt policy was not proven as an antecedent on the influence of firm growth on firm value. This finding implies that there was a tendency for the company management to adopt the policy, which would increase the debt ratio to increase the investors’ confidence in the stock market and investors neglect the company’s dividend policy.

This study aims to determine the nature of the association between dividend policy and a corporation’s financial performance in emerging countries, as well as the main variables that may have an effect on financial performance. The study included 92 industrial and service sector companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) during the period from 2015 to 2019. The study used Panel Data Analysis and cross-sectional time-series data and simple and multiple linear regression models. A multiple regression model was also developed in order to test whether guess factors may have a possible impact on financial performance (such as Dividend Yield, Dividend Pay-out Ratio, Firm Size, Leverage Ratio, Current Ratio). The data was collected from the annual reports and information that was available on the ASE website covering the period from 2015 to 2019. The results detect a strong relation between DY, DPR, and FSIZE variables that explain firm performance. Also leverage ratio is negatively and significantly associated with ROA and AOE. Moreover, no relations were detected between current ratio and financial performance. The study’s conclusion is that dividend policy explains a lot of a company’s financial performance, meaning that the dividend policy has a statistically significant impact on company financial performance.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the variables of Current Ratio (CR), Return-on-Equity (ROE), Return-on-Assets (ROA), Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER), and Firm Size (FS) on Dividend Policy (DP) in real estate and property companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2016-2019, looking at nine real estate companies in Indonesia. The research methodology uses an explanatory analysis approach and linear regression. Based on the eligibility and homogeneity of the data, the number of sample companies selected was nine companies. The company’s financial statement data derived from primary data obtained on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, such as current ratio (CR), return-on-equity (ROE), return-on-assets (ROA), debt-to-equity ratio (DER) and firm size and dividend policy variables. The data analysis procedure is first to transform financial data from the original ratio data into interval data and, then, transform it to ordinal data. Furthermore, the validity and reliability process are ignored because the data is primary. Finally, regression testing is part of the hypothesis testing stage. The results of this study showed that the CR, ROE, and firm size had no positive and significant effect on dividend policy. In contrast, DER and ROA have a positive and significant impact on dividend policy.

The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of growth opportunities on capital structure and dividend policy in Indonesia. The study employs panel data of companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange that distribute dividends from 2007 to 2017. Fixed and random effect regression models are used. Findings based on growth opportunities on capital structure and dividend policy in Indonesia are in line with the existing theory (i.e., contracting theory). Growth opportunities have a significant negative correlation with debt ratio and dividend yield, which suggests that firms with high growth opportunities are discouraged to generate debt to resolve underinvestment and asset-substitution problem. Firms with more investment opportunities tend to adopt a low dividend payout policy because the cash flows will be used up for investment. The positive impact of firm size on leverage is due to the low bankruptcy risk and cost of a large company. Profitability has a positive impact on the dividend policy because profitable companies can reserve larger free cash flows and, thus, pay higher dividends. The positive influence of ownership on leverage is interpreted by the unwillingness of majority stockholders to commit to equity financing in order to avoid reducing the ownership and preserve control of the company.

Researching the influence and role of CEO overconfidence to dividend policy is important for stock market investors. Therefore, this study was conducted to find out the relationship between CEO overconfidence and dividend policy in industrial enterprises in Vietnam. Data collected from 222 industry enterprises listed on the Vietnam Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2018. Data is collected on financial statements of listed companies. GLS model with panel data is used to analyze regression results. The results show that CEO overconfidence has dividend yield higher than CEO non-overconfidence. At the same time, the dividend payout ratio of enterprises has no difference between CEO overconfidence and CEO non-overconfidence. The results also showed that revenue growth has a positive impact on dividend yield in small enterprises, but negative impact on dividend payout in large enterprises. Research results by firm size have similar results with the general analysis for all enterprises. At the same time, the analysis of ownership type shows that CEO overconfidence has a positive impact on dividend yield of non-state enterprises without affecting other types of enterprises. From these results, the authors also made a number of recommendations to help investors choose businesses to invest in accordance with their strategies.

The study aims to investigate factors that determine dividend payout policy using 336 non-financial firm year observations covering the period 2005 to 2016 in Malaysia. We found a significant positive relationship between corporate board size, board members average age, board tenure and dividend payout policy. We also found a strong negative effect and statistically insignificant relationship of board diversity, board independence, CEO duality and dividend payout policy. Additional, financial leverage has a negative effect on dividend payout policy. It is also noticed that firms with diverse boards are more likely to pay dividends and tend to pay larger dividends than those with non-diverse boards. Our results suggest that board diversity has a significant impact on dividend payout policy. Impact of board diversity on dividend payout policy is particularly conspicuous for firms with potentially greater agency problems. Our findings are consistent with the argument that corporate board traits enhancement positively affect the dividend payout policy which is beneficial for shareholders. This study offers useful insights into the current global debate on board traits and its implications for firms. The dividend payout policy signals good news to investors. Corporate board traits and firm’s financial decision are the factors that disrupt the dividend decision.

We provide one of the first investigation on the impact of the degree of total leverage to the dividend policy of bank. We use a large sample of US bank holding companies from 2000:Q1 to 2017:Q4 to shed light our research question. Our empirical analysis provides consistent evidence that banks with high degree of total leverage (i.e. banks with a relatively high fixed-to-variables costs) are less likely to pay dividends, and they spend a lower fraction of incomes to pay back shareholders, suggesting a higher conservatism in dividend policy of banks subject to high degree of total leverage. The evidence remains unchanged with alternative econometric approaches, alternative measures of dividend policy and degree of total leverage. We further document that this higher conservatism is strengthened for a sample of banks with low franchise value during the financial crises. Our result suggests that the conservatism in dividend policy of banks with high degree of total leverage seems to be related to the precautionary motives aimed at preserving corporate resources under financial distress. Our study contributes to the literature of cost structure and dividend policy by pointing out that the impacts of the degree of fixed-to-variable expenses to dividend policy are extended to the case of banks.

The paper investigates the mechanism through which corporate credit ratings affect dividend payments by decomposing the mean difference of dividends into a part that is explained by the determinants of dividends and a residual part that is contributed by the pure credit group effect, in the framework of the traditional dividend model of Fama and French (2001). Historically, better credit rated firms have shown consistently higher propensity to pay dividends especially during the economic crisis period. According to the counter-factual decomposition technique of Jann (2008), better rated firms are more responsive to the firm characteristics that have positive impact on dividends and poor rated firms are more responsive to the negative dividend predictors. As a result, good (bad) credit ratings make corporate managers become more bold (timid) in their dividend payments and they tend to pay more (less) dividends than what their firm characteristics prescribe. The degree of information asymmetry increases for the poor group firms during crisis periods and they attempt to reserve more cash in preparation for future investments. The decomposition results suggest that the credit group effect can potentially exceed the effect of firm characteristics because firms of different credit ratings can respond to the very same firm characteristics in a different manner.

The relationship between corporate board attributes and dividend payout is already established yet mediating role of leverage in not been examined in Malaysian market. Therefore, this study aims to examine the mediating effect of financial leverage on the relationship between corporate board attributes and the dividend pay-out policy. A sample of 203 non-financial firms listed on the BURSA Malaysia between 2005 and 2018 were analysed using SmartPLS 3.0. The findings show that there is a partial mediating effect of financial leverage on the relationship between board members age, board diversity and dividend pay-out policy. Financial leverage also mediates the relationship between number of women on board, CEO-duality and dividend pay-out policy. However, financial leverage doesn’t mediate the relationship between board size and dividend pay-out policy. This study offers insights to policy-makers to develop a better corporate governance as well as a guidance to firms in the construction and implementation of their corporate governance policies in relation to financial leverage. This study also shed light on the influence of efficient corporate board attributes on dividend pay-out policy and financial leverage for firm growth. This study concludes that corporate board attributes impact capital structure and thus, firms may change its payout policy.