This study aims to propose a conceptual design of information displays for supporting responsive actions under severe accidents in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). Severe accidents in NPPs can be defined as accident conditions that are more severe than a design basis accident and involving significant core degradation. Since the Fukushima accident in 2011, the management of severe accidents is increasing important in nuclear industry. Dealing with severe accidents involves several cognitively complex activities, such as situation assessment; accordingly, it is significant to provide human operators with appropriate knowledge support in their cognitive activities. Currently, severe accident management guidelines (SAMG) have been developed for this purpose. However, it is also inevitable to develop information displays for supporting the management of severe accidents, with which human operators can monitor, control, and diagnose the states of NPPs under severe accident situations. It has been reported that Ecological Interface Design (EID) framework can be a viable approach for developing information displays used in complex socio-technical systems such as NPPs. Considering the design principles underlying the EID, we can say that EID-based information displays can be useful for dealing with severe accidents effectively. This study developed a conceptual design of information displays to be used in severe accidents, following the stipulated design process and principles of the EID framework. We particularly attempted to develop a conceptual design to make visible the principle knowledge to be used for coping with dynamically changing situations of NPPs under severe accidents.

An ecological niche is defined as the specific role of a species influenced by time, space, and other resources. By investigating overlaps between ecological niches of different species, we could estimate the degrees of interspecific competition. Such studies often use geographic information systems (GIS) to discover niche overlaps between species. In this study, we used GIS to estimate the spatial niches of two Korean frog species (Pelophylax nigromaculatus and P. chosenicus). This enabled us to predict their geographic distributions in order to identify their coexistence regions and distribution patterns. The results confirmed that altitude was an important variable for predicting their distribution, with a correlation with their climatic range. Spatial distributions of the two frog species were highly overlapped, as the distribution range for P. nigromaculatus included most of the range of P. chosenicus, showing a sympatric distribution pattern. Within the coexisting regions, however, the presence sites for the two species did not overlap, implying weak competition. To confirm the principal factors influencing their competitive relationship and reasons for their sympatric distribution pattern, we need more detailed in-depth studies on the diverse environmental variables within the regions where the two species coexist. By doing so, we would be able to identify various mechanisms for avoiding competition in sympatric frog species.

A new free-living marine nematode species of the genus Belbolla Andrássy, 1973 belonging to the family Enchelidiidae is described based on specimens collected from the sediment of a subtidal benthic environmental habitat in the East Sea, Korea. Belbolla wonkimi sp. nov. differs from its congeners by the combination of the following characteristics: a relatively long body (3263-3396 μm), the absence of ocelli, nine oesophageal bulbs in the posterior pharynx, well-developed two winged precloacal supplements, longer spicule length (115-130 μm, 1.6-1.8 anal body diameter long), and a triangle-shaped shorter gubernacular apophysis (17-18 μm). Comparative tables on the biogeographical and morphological characteristics of Belbolla species are presented. A DIC (differential interference contrast) photomicrograph of the new species is also provided. This is the first taxonomic report on the genus Belbolla from Korean waters.

도시생태계는 기존 자연생태계와 달리 야생생물 및 인간이 함께 공존하는 상호복합적 환경을 제공한다. 그러나 도시 녹지 및 공원에 출현하는 말벌속(genus Vespa)은 도시생태계에 긍정적인 기능을 수행함과 동시에 도시민에게 물리적·심리적 피해를 초래하는 불균형을 야기하기도 한다. 특히 어린이공원은 접근성이 높아 도시민 및 어린이가 쉽게 이용하는 도시 녹지이며 말벌속이 거점 및 서식지로 활용하는 공간임에도 아직까지 어린이공원에 출현하는 말벌속에 대한 서식환경 및 출현 특성을 공간적으로 분석한 연구가 부족한 상황이다. 본 연구는 말벌속의 생활사 기간을 고려해 2018년 4월부터 11월까지 32주간 천안시 어린이공원 27개소 내 말벌트랩을 설치해 말벌(Vespa crabro flavofasciata), 좀말벌(Vespa analis parallela), 장수말벌(Vespa mandarinina), 꼬마장수말벌(Vespa ducalis), 등검은말벌(Vespa velutina nigrithorax)을 포획하고 출현 종 구성 및 어린이공원의 입지 특성 및 환경공간정보를 고려한 말벌속의 출현 경향을 분석하였다. 연구 기간 말벌속은 총 818개체가 포획되었으며, 종별로는 좀말벌 290개체(35.4%), 말벌 260개체(31.8%), 꼬마장수말벌 100개체 (12.1%), 장수말벌 87개체(10.6%), 등검은말벌 81개체(9.9%) 순으로 포획되었다. 대부분의 말벌속은 계칩(啓蟄) 이후 5~6 월에 여왕벌 위주로 포획이 이루어지다가 분업기인 6월 중순부터 포획 개체 수가 급감한 공통적인 특징이 있으나, 등검은말벌 은 타 말벌속의 쇠퇴기가 이미 시작된 10월 3주차부터 80% 이상 포획되어 계절적 차이를 보여주었다. 어린이공원 입지별 말벌속 포획 개체 수를 분석한 결과 포획량 상위 6개소에서 363개체(44.3%), 하위 6개소에서 35개체(4%)가 포획되어 확연한 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 상위 6개소의 평균 NDVI(Normalized difference vegetation index)는 0.79로 하위 6개소의 평균 NDVI인 0.38과 유의한 평균간 차이를 보였으며(t=2.67*, *=p<0.05), 주변 토지이용이 초지 혹은 나지일 경우 말벌속 포획 빈도가 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 도시 내 녹지 및 공원에 출현하는 말벌속의 생태적 기본 특성을 확인한 기초 연구로서 의의가 있으며, 향후 효율적인 도시 녹지 관리를 위한 토대가 될 것으로 기대된다.

Ecological and ecosystem database is becoming very necessary to understand origins and relationship between human and nature and also to minimize disturbance caused by human activities. An ecological information portal can play important roles as a computing system to collect knowledge, distributed research findings and separated data from researchers. In this study, we designed and developed ecological information portal service (EcoBank 1.0) for collecting and providing ecological information for diverse classes of stakeholders. To reach the goal, we had reviewed related and comparable ecological database portals to design conceptual structure of EcoBank system including database management framework. Then, we developed some functions of ecosystem analysis for each stake-holders (researchers, general public and policy makers). As a result of this study, we successfully designed of EcoBank system covering the functions of Digital Object Identifier (DOI) publishing and data quality management process. Also, we (1) applied ecological indices for calculating biodiversity by administrative boundary for policy makers, (2) provided statistical information of econature map for general public and distribution characteristics of species for researchers. To make a successful establishment of EcoBank, we have to collect and build up related database and offer various and reliable ecological data consistently. We expect that the successful construction of EcoBank will help not only to accomplish sustainable development goals but also to raise the welfare of ecosystem in Korea.

Hwapocheon stream is located in Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, and a part was declared a protected wetland area in 2017. In 2020 and 2021, we investigated the community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates of the Hwapocheon stream to provide ecological information for the management of the wetland. As a result, 4 phyla, 6 classes, 20 orders, 51 families, 83 species, and 2,621 individuals of benthic macroinvertebrates were identified. The average indices of diversity, richness, and evenness were the highest in the midstream area, whereas the highest average index of dominance was observed upstream. Seven biological water quality evaluations based on the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates showed that the Biological Monitoring Working Party was an extremely suitable method for environmental evaluation of the Hwapocheon stream. Regarding functional feeding groups, the number of species of predators and gathering-collectors was the highest, and considering habitual dwelling groups, the number of species of clingers and sprawlers was the highest. The species number of Odonata, Hemiptera, and Coleoptera increased toward the downstream area, whereas the community loss index was the highest upstream. We also investigated relative resistance and resilience based on the distribution of aquatic insects and found that community stability was the highest downstream, whereas the lowest upstream.