Titanium cabide, TiC-x mole% Al composites, and functionally-graded materials (FGMs) of TiC-x mole% Al were synthesized by an electrothermal combustion (ETC) method. TiC-70 mole% Al composite was not ignited by indirect tungsten coil heating, but can be synthesized by an electrothermal combustion. The velocity of the combustion wave decreased with increasing addition of Al and increased with an increase in the applied electric field. Functionally-graded TiC-Al materials were made from reactant layers with compositions of Ti+C+x moles Al with x ranging from zero to 70 by an electrothermal combustion. In the FGM products a nearly linear change in composition in the graded region was observed in samples with 0 x 70 with x being the mole% Al.
The purpose of the confiscational or penalty of criminal gains is to deprive the crime of its illegal profits and prevent it from being retained. On the other hand, under criminal law, joint crime, teacher crime, and accessories are intended to be punished for criminal acts and their degree of participation, so the two do not necessarily have to be consistent in logic.
In other words, if a person is merely an accessory and receives sufficient income from a crime through crime, he or she should pay an additional charge of criminal profits obtained in the form of wages, etc. but if a person is joint principal offender and receive not sufficient income from a crime through crime, he or she do not need to pay an additional charge of criminal profits obtained in the form of wages, etc.
In the result, who will pay the penalty from depends on the attainment of the purpose of the confiscational or penalty of criminal gains.
The effects of volcanic ashes on human health differ in distance and time. It was found that indirect and long-term damages are significant in remote areas from the volcanoes, while the direct and physical damages in adjacent areas are observed. In general, the minute polluted particles of volcano ashes are diffused to remote area from the volcanoes after staying over atmosphere. As a result, those particles have indirect and significant effects on human health such as eye disease, atopic dermatitis and PTSD, as similar as previous research results on Asian dust. This presentation presents the effects of volcano ashes and similar situation such as Asian dusts on human health based on indirect and long-term damage factors in remote areas from volcanoes. Further, this study provides a fundamental reference for medical hazard mitigation through examining the factors that affect health hazards in similar situation such as Asian dust.
본 논문에서는 ETC 시스템에서 다중반사로 인한 오신호 또는 시스템간의 간섭을 방지하기 위하여 사용될 전파흡수체를 설계 및 제작하였다. 자성손실 재료인 MnZn-ferrite, 도전손실 재료인 Carbon과 지지재인 CPE를 사용하여 조성비별로 전파흡수체 샘플을 제작하고, 측정된 샘플의 데이터로부터 최적의 조성비가 MnZn-ferrite : Carbon : CPE = 40 : 15 : 45 wt% 임이 확인되었다. 확인된 샘플로부터 재료정수 복소비유전율과 복소비투자율을 계산하여 시뮬레이션 하였으며, 이 결과를 토대로 전파흡수체를 실제 제작하여 전파흡수능을 분석한 결과 시뮬레이션과 실제측정 값이 거의 일치하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 결과적으로 전파흡수체의 조성비 MnZn-ferrite : Carbon : CPE = 40 : 15 : 45 wt% 로 두께 3.38 mm, 주파수 5.8 GHz대에서 전파흡수능 20 dB 이상의 전파흡수체를 개발하였다.
현재 시범 시행중인 자동요금징수(ETC: Electronic Toll Collection) 서비스는 차량 주행 중에 차량내의 자동요금징수 서비스 전용 단말기에 내장된 카드 리더 장치로부터 삽입된 스마트 카드의 정보를 읽어 과금을 결재하는 방식을 채택하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 현 ETC 시스템인 카드 리더 방식에서 발생되는 단점을 극복하고 처리하여 성능이 향상된 자동요금징수 서비스를 위하여 차량이 주행 중에 휴대폰을 이용하여 통행료를 자동으로 징수하는 시스템을 제안한다. 휴대폰을 이용한 자동요금징수 결재 시스템을 통하여 운전자는 카드리더의 이용시 발생되는 카드와 카드 리더간의 불일치로 발생될 수 있는 문제점을 극복할 수 있으며 나아가 휴대폰을 이용하여 요금을 결재함으로서 보다 능률적인 데이터 처리 및 편리한 사용자 환경을 구축하였다.