In this study, polyphenol and flavonoid contents were measured, and DPPH, OH, H2O2 radical scavenging activity, and the α-amylase inhibitory activity were measured to study the antioxidant activity of 70% ethanol extract from Morinda citrifolia L. The polyphenol and flavonoid contents of noni 70% ethanol extract were 29.52 GAE/g and 12.48 CE/g, respectively. Also, the IC50 values of DPPH, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity of 70% ethanol extract from noni were 18.70 mg/mL, 26.45 mg/mL, and 35.67 mg/mL, respectively. Measurement of the α-amylase inhibitory activity of 70% ethanol extract from noni showed 45% inhibitory activity at 10 mg/mL.

본 연구는 고려엉겅퀴 주정추출물을 가지고 제작된 임 상시험용제품(CNTM)이 3T3-L1 지방세포 및 고지방식이 로 유도된 비만 쥐에 미치는 항비만 효능 관찰을 통하여 체지방 개선 기능성식품을 개발하기위하여 인체적용시험 시료를 제작한 후, 인체적용시험전에 그 효력이 유지됨을 확인하기위해 수행되었다. 본 연구에 사용된 시료 CNTM 은 80~320 μg/mL 농도에서 세포독성이 관찰되지 않았 며, 지방 축적억제 효능 및 지방세포 분화, 지질대사 관련 유전인자들을 유의적으로 변화시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 동물실험에서 CNTM 처리에 의하여 체중의 감소를 확인하였으며 혈중지질 성분 가운데 HDL-C/TC의 비율은 유의적으로 증가하며 LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C)과 nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA)의 비율은 유의적으로 감소하 여 혈중 유리지방산 농도를 감소시키며 혈중 콜레스테롤 상승을 억제시키고 혈당을 감소시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 따라서 고려엉겅퀴 주정추출물이 함유된 인체적용시험시료(CNTM)는 체지방 개선에 우수한 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

This study was carried out to identify medicinal mushrooms with protective effects against oxidative stress in PC12 neuronal cell line, followed by evaluation of their antioxidant property. Extracts of medicinal mushrooms, including Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE), antler-shaped Ganoderma lingzhi extract (AGLE), Hericium erinaceus extract (HEE), and Sanghuangporus baumii extract (SBE), were screened for cytotoxicity using MTT assay. None of the extracts up to 10 μg/ml concentration affected cell viability. These extracts were further checked for their protective effect against oxidative stress-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Exposure to 50 μM H₂O₂ induced ROS generation in PC12 cells, which was inhibited only by treatment with AGLE. In addition, inhibition of H₂O₂-induced ROS generation by AGLE was found to be in a dose-dependent manner (2.5, 5, and 10 μg/ml). Microscopic examination of DCF fluorescence for detection of ROS showed a similar pattern. Further, antioxidant activity of AGLE was determined by ABTS radical cation assay, and its IC50 was found to be 46.90±0.31 μg/ml. Taken together, these results suggest that AGLE may help to alleviate oxidative stress in PC12 neuronal cells.

본 연구에서는 국내산 고려엉겅퀴를 건강기능식품 소재로 활용 시 기초자료 제공하고자 수확시기에 따른 고려엉 겅퀴의 항산화활성 및 항비만 활성의 차이를 구명하고자 수행 하였다. 2016년 6월, 7월 그리고 8월에 수확한 고려 엉겅퀴를 이용하여 지표성분 분석, 총 플라보노이드 함량, DPPH 라디칼 소거활성, ORAC assay 및 지방축적과 ROS 생성 억제효과를 관찰하였다. 지표성분 pectolinarin 함량은 수확시기별로 43.13 ± 0.22 ~ 95.65 ± 0.34 mg/g 로 수확 시기 가운데 2016년 8월에 수확한 고려엉겅퀴에서 가장 높은 함량을 보였으며 총 플라보노이드 함량의 경우 2016 년 8월에 수확한 고려엉겅퀴 주정추출물에서 40.43 ± 0.35 mg RE/g로 수확시기 가운데 가장 높은 함량을 나타냈다. DPPH 라디칼 소거활성은 수확시기에 따른 활성 차이를 보이지 않았지만 ORAC 지수의 경우 총 플라보노이드 및 지표성분 함량의 결과와 유사하게 2016년 8월에 수확한 고려엉겅퀴 주정추출물에서 6월 수확시기보다 2.4배가량 높은 ORAC 지수를 나타내었다. 수확시기별 고려엉겅퀴 주정추출물은 50~200 μg/mL의 농도에서 지방세포에 대한 세포독성을 나타내지 않았으며 지방세포 분화 중 세포 내 지방축적 및 ROS 생성량을 비교한 결과, 수확시기별 고 려엉겅퀴 주정추출물을 처리한 지방세포의 경우 지방축적 량과 ROS 생성량 모두 유의적으로 억제되는 것으로 나타 났다. 따라서 고려엉겅퀴는 비만 등 대사증후군 관련 질환의 개선을 위한 건강기능식품 소재로의 활용이 기대된다.

This study investigated the stability of ethanolic extract from fermented Cirsium setidens Nakai (FCSN) in order to develop functional materials during different storage conditions. We evaluated pectolinarin and pectolinarigenin contents, total phenol content and antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP assay) of ethanolic extract from FCSN obtained by bioconverison at various temperatures (4, 25 and 50℃) and pHs (4.0, 7.0 and 10.0). Our results show that the pectolinarin, pectolinarigenin, and total phenol contents in ethanolic extract from FCSN were decreased during the storage periods. Moreover, the DPPH radical scavenging activity did not significantly change at 4℃ and 25℃. Pectolinarin and pectolinarigenin contents, total phenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract from FCSN at acidic pH (pH 4.0) and neutral pH (pH 7.0) were higher than those at the alkaline pH range. These results indicate that the optimum storage condition of the ethanolic extract from FCSN was 4℃ and pH 4.0~7.0 range.

본 연구에서는 고려엉겅퀴 추출물에 대한 열안정성, pH 안정성을 조사하고자 고려엉겅퀴 주정추출물은 온도별(4,25 및 50℃), pH별(4.0, 7.0, 및 10.0)로 저장하면서 추출물의 pectolinarin 함량, 총 페놀 함량, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 라디칼 소거능 및 FRAP assay를 분석하였다. 고려엉겅퀴 추출물의 pectolinarin 함량은 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 온도에 의한 영향보다 pH에 의한 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 총 페놀 함량도 pectolinarin 함량과 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 같이 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 저온(4℃)에서 보다 높은 온도인 25℃와 50℃에서 큰 감소치를 보였고 산성(pH 4.0)과 중성(pH 7.0)에서는 비교적 변화가 적었다. 항산화 활성은 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 FRAP은 온도 별, pH별 저장조건에 따른 큰 변화를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 고려해 볼 때, 고려엉겅퀴 주정 추출물은 산성(pH 4.0)과 중성(pH 7.0)조건에서 저온(4℃) 저장 시 추출물의 안정성을 최적화 할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

This study was performed to investigate the effects of ethanolic extract of Ulmus davidiana root (UE) on lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet (HF) for 7 weeks. Forty male ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups; normal diet group (N), high-fat diet group (HF), HF with 0.5% UE (HF-L) and 1% UE (HF-H) group. Body weight, body weight gain, and liver weight in the HF group was significantly higher than in the N group, while those of the HF-L and HF-H group were unchanged. UE improved HF-induced dyslipidemia by reducing serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and the atherogenic index. There was no difference in serum HDL-cholesterol among experimental groups. However, the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio was significantly increased in the HF-L and HF-H group. Histological analysis showed that HF-fed mice developed hepatocellular microvesicular vacuolation as a result of fat accumulation. These changes were attenuated by 1% UE supplementation. In addition, hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the HF-H group significantly reduced. Taken together, these results demonstrated that lipid levels in the blood and liver were reduced by UE, suggesting that it might be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia and fatty liver.

The aim of this study was to investigate the suppressive activity of 70% ethanol extract and its dichloromethane fraction from Auricularia auricula-judae against adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The ethanol extract and its dichloromethane fraction suppressed the differentiation and decreased lipid droplets in vitro. The dose-dependent increasing concentration of glycerol and lower triglycerides accumulation were found significantly (P < 0.05) with the treatment of both fractions from 70% ethanolic Auricularia auricula-judae extract and the glycerol-3-3phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity was also inhibited by both extracts. Further, the expression of adipogenic mRNAs were investigated by RT-PCR amplification. The key transcriptional factors, PPARγ and C/EBPα were decreased significantly at dose-dependent manner by both extracts of Auricularia auricula-judae. The expressions of LPL and FAS were also decreased by presence of these extracts. The decreased expressions of C/EBPβ, C/EBPγ and ACC1 were observed only by ethanol extract at 300 μg/ml concentration, while the expression of SREBP-1c, GLUT4 and aP2 were not altered in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These changes were occurred without the cytotoxic effect of both extracts against 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro. A positive control, fenofibrate inhibited the differentiation, triglycerides accumulation through PPARγ signaling by 2/3 reduction of PPARγ expression. Thus, these findings suggest that both extracts of Auricularia auricula-judae might be used to inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and reduction of triglycerides accumulation.

Plantago asiatica L. (P. asiatica) has been used as one of the popular folk medicines in Asia for human health care practices. Various activities of P. asiatica have been reported, such as anti-oxidant, anti-glycation,anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity. Therefore, the potential of P. asiatica to reduce oxidative stress has been studied in several ways for over 20 years, especially at liver and kidney. However no investigation has been reported revealing its protective effect on prostate. Method : Treatment of P. asiatica leaf ethanolic extract (PLE) (1 g/kg body weight (b.w.), 2 g/kg b.w., or 4 g/kg b.w.) were given separately to animals for pretreatment once per day for 7days, and on the seventh day ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA; 0.24 mmol Fe/kg b.w.), which is known as an oxidative stress-inducer at prostate, was administrated by i.p to negative control group. At the end of the study period, dissection was carried out for detecting the prostate protective effect of PLE. Result : Fe-NTA-treated animals produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in depletion of antioxidant biomaker, such as glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione s-transferase (GST) and increase of lipid peroxidation in prostate. However, PLE pretreatment resulted in an increase in the GSH, GST and GR levels concentration dependent manner and in an significant decrease in the levels of lipid peroxidation. Conclusion : Our data suggest that PLE may be effective in protecting oxidative stress-induced damage of prostate, and PLE may be an chemopreventive agent against Fe-NTA-mediated prostate oxidative damage.

Anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic extract of Angelica gigas (EAG 50, 150, and 500 mg/kg) were investigated in thermal burn-paw edema model. Immersion of rat hind legs into 48.5℃ water for 50 scincreased the leg volume by 0.46-0.55 ml. EAG attenuated not only the paw volume in a dose-dependent manner, but also blood lymphocyte counts and interleukin-6 level increased by burns, without influence on the level of tumor-necrosis factor-α. Moreover, EAG reduced alkaline phosphatase level, a parameter of hepatic injury, which was increased by thermal burns. The results indicate that EAG attenuates inflammatory aymptoms induced by thermal burn and EAG or its conmarin derivatives could be a promising anti-inflammatory drug candidate in inflammation diseases.