한려해상국립공원 거제도 학동지역 동백나무림 천연기념물의 식물군집구조와 식생관리 방안을 제시하기 위하여 대상지에 46개 조사구를 설정하였고, 식생조사를 실시하였다. DCA분석과 평균상대우점치 분석 결과 46개 조사구는 동백나무군집, 동백나무-사스레피나무군집, 동백나무-참식나무군집. 편백-동백나무군집 등 4개 군집으로 나누어졌다. 군집별 천이경향은 동백나무-참식나무군집은 참식나무로의 생태적 천이가 진행될 것이며, 나머지 3개 군집은 현 상태로 유지될 것으로 판단되었다. 본 대상지의 식생관리는 천이억제형 식생관리가 바람직 할 것으로 보이며, 식생관리에서 제거해야 할 수종으로 단기적으로는 편백. 참식나무, 사스레피나무 3종이며, 까마귀쪽나무, 후박나무, 나도밤나무, 산벚나무, 졸참나무 등 5종은 장기적인 관리대상 수종이었다.

The direction of scientific researches on tree improvement and forest management in several universities and research institutes in Japan can be summarized as follows: They put a great emphasis on sugi, Cryptomeria japonica and cypress, Chamaecyparus oblusa which are two major conifer species largerly planted in the Japanese forestry. In the research of sugi, a great concern has been made in evaluating inheritance of forest tree, quantitative characters and genetic parameter of growth, and in breeding for resistance to diseases and insects and to all the natural calamities. Interaction between environmental conditions and genetic nature of tree can be concerned factors in relation with forest damage, together with silvicultural conditions and pest infestation. Selfing hybrids of made from crossing twisted-leaf sugi, defomity leaf type and midori sugi, normal leaf type segregated the normal needle, twisted needle, green leaf and albino leaf type. It seemed that separation of many defomity individuals can be governed by two dominant complementary genes and from the near loci of which it was detected lethal genes. 52% of Japanese forestry is occupied by the small forest landowners like Korean forestry. This made difficulty for forest improvement such as progressive afforestation and for capital accumulation form forestry. The Forest Corporation was established at first in 1959 to aming at productive forestry structure and forest management, and afforestation. For these purpose, 35 Forest Corporations are at moment operating throughout Japan. However, investment in forestry business becomes less attractive since the wage in forest production duction increased in higher trend. than timber price. Therefore, an artifical afforestation becomes yearly decreased. At present. the self-sufficient rate of timber production in Japan is about 35%, and so a great effort is being made to increase self-sufficient rate of timber production.

To this day, conflicts have intensified between managers who want to preserve biosphere reserves and citizen who want to develop them. Based on this problem, this study seeks to investigate the establishment of a forum for communication between various stakeholders and to promote the economic development of local communities while preserving biodiversity. First, in terms of conservation, the results indicated that Gyeonggi Province and Namyangju City highly valued direct conservation activities in biosphere reserves, whereas Pocheon and Uijeongbu City highly valued indirect conservation functions through management or monitoring. Second, in terms of development, it was found that there were differences in the roles, perceptions and responsibilities with respect to biosphere reserves among the different layers of government: the central government agency, the Cultural Heritage Administration, the metropolitan government, Gyeonggi-do, and the local governments, Pocheon, Namyangju, and Uijeongbu. Third, in terms of logistical support, which serves as a function for communication and practical participation among management entities, the results suggested that it was necessary to establish a comprehensive decision-making organization for efficient management and operation and to provide opportunities for active participation. The study can be utilized as a basic reference for developing efficient communication by management entities in protected areas with similar challenges.

The objective of this study was to develop a management strategy for the recovery of carbon storage capacity of abandoned coal mine forest rehabilitation area. For the purpose, the biomass and stand carbon storage over time after the forest rehabilitation by tree type for Betula platyphylla, Pinus densiflora, and Alnus hirsuta trees which are major tree species widely planted for the forest rehabilitation in the abandoned coal mine were calculated, and compared them with general forest. The carbon storage in abandoned coal mine forest rehabilitation areas was lower than that in general forests, and based on tree species, Pinus densiflora stored 48.9%, Alnus hirsuta 41.1%, and Betula platyphylla 27.0%. This low carbon storage is thought to be caused by poor growth because soil chemical properties, such as low TOC and total nitrogen content, in the soil of abandoned coal mine forest rehabilitation areas, were adverse to vegetation growth compared to those in general forests. DBH, stand biomass, and stand carbon storage tended to increase after forest rehabilitation over time, whereas stand density decreased. Stand' biomass and carbon storage increased as DBH and stand density increased, but there was a negative correlation between stand density and DBH. Therefore, after forest rehabilitation, growth status should be monitored, an appropriate growth space for trees should be maintained by thinning and pruning, and the soil chemical properties such as fertilization must be managed. It is expected that the carbon storage capacity the forest rehabilitation area could be restored to a level similar to that of general forests.

The purpose of this study is on identifying vegetation change through monitoring representative complementary village forests according to different management. For this, two of complementary village forests around Mai mountain which many ones remain were selected. Those are complementary village forests of Seochon and Wonyeonjang. Seochon forest is a representative one which is managed naturally and Wonyeonjang one is a representative one which is managed artificially. The field survey for monitoring was preformed in 2002 and 2007, 2016. D(Dominant degree) and S(Sociability degree) were measured by Brown-Blanquet's method in field survey. Through the analysis and review of survey data, the change of species richness, appearing species characteristics, species composition and layer structure etc. according to different management was monitored. As a result, it can be seen that natural succession has increased species diversity, improved vegetation structure and circulation of complementary village forest. On the other hand, excessive anthropomorphic management was found to be detrimental to the health of the forests and to the vegetation structure and species composition. And it was found that excessive management threaten sustainability and periodical proper management is necessary. Through this review, the useful management direction of complementary village forests was suggested.

본 연구는 경남 진주시 선학산 도시숲의 운영을 시민참여형으로 개선하도록 제안하기 위하여 수행되었다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 현황조사로서 지역에서 가지는 대상지의 이용가치를 파악하였으며, 지리정보시스템(GIS) 프로그램을 활용하여 경사, 향, 토지피복 등을 분석하였다. 또한 도시숲 운영계획에서 지역주민의 인식과 요구를 반영하기 위해서 관심, 요구, 참여 등에 대하여 설문조사 및 통계분석을 실시하였다. 설문조사는 이용객들의 의견을 주기적으로 반영하기 위해 등산로 표지판에 부착시킨 QR코드를 이용한 온라인 설문조사와 2004년과 2017년에 실시한 현장 설문조사를 수행되었으며, 수집된 데이터는 SPSS 프로그램을 사용하여 빈도분석 등을 실시하였다. 통계 분석 결과를 2004년부터 2016년까지 시행된 진주시 선학산 정비사업과 관련하여 해석하기 위해서 사업 시행 전인 2004년과 시행 후인 2017년의 이용자 만족도를 비교분석하였고, 그 변화를 사업내용과 관련하여 해석하였다. 최종으로 그 결과의 분석 및 해석을 통하여 선학 산의 운영관리 문제점 및 개선점을 파악하였고, 이를 반영하여 본 연구의 목적인 선학산 시민참여형 도시숲 운영 프로그램을 계획하였다. 또한 운영의 성과 및 개선을 위한 평가 및 환류를 위해서 QR코드를 사용한 방문자 설문조사 및 통계분석을 주기적으로 실시하는 시민참여 형 운영 계획을 수립함으로써 지속적 운영의 질을 모니터링하고 개선할 수 있도록 하였다. 따라서 본 선학산 도시숲 시민참여형 운영 계획 은 지속적으로 문제점 및 보완점을 파악 및 제한하고, 기존 이용객과 관광객의 증가를 파악하며, 숲가꾸기를 통한 참여형 도시숲 조성을 기 대할 수 있다.

국내외적으로 “녹색성장”을 내세우지만 막상 산불로 인한 피해에 대하여는 간과하고 있는 것이 사실이다. 특히 산불로 인한 환경 피해는 치유도 어렵고 많은 시간이 소요된다는 점에서 산불예방과 신속한 진화의 필요성이 요구된다 할 수 있을 것이다. 인류가 산업화 사회에서 산불 발생을 원초적으로 방지하는 것은 불가능할 것이다. 따라서 적극적인 예방과 산불 발생시 신속한 초기 대응 및 진화체계 구축으로 피해발생을 최소화하여 산림자원을 보호하는 것이 우리의 사명이고 후세에 대한 의무일 것이다. 본 연구는 우리나라에서 발생하는 산불의 특성 및 대응방안과 제도적 측면을 검토하고, 산불의 원인 분석을 위하여 FTA분석을 실시하였고, 통계자료를 통해 연도별 극치자료의 빈도분석을 실시하였다. 산불을 더욱 효과적으로 예방하고, 대응할 수 있는 대책을 제시하였다.

본 조사는 2005년 12월부터 2007년 4월까지 총 4회에 걸처 전라남도 진도군 조도면 관매도 해안 방풍림을 지역을 중심으로 곰솔군락의 특성을 조사하고 생태학적인 관리방안을 제시하였다. 관매도 해안 방풍림인 곰솔군락을 주요 구성종과 식생유형에 따라 교란형, 성장형, 혼합형, 안정형, 배후산지형 식생 등으로 구분하였다. 교란형 식생과 성장형 식생의 곰솔군락에서는 간벌, 풀베기, 솔아내기, 휴식공간 활용, 병든 소나무 벌목 등을 통하여 적극적인 관리가 필요한 실정이며, 혼합형 식생, 안정형 식생 그리고 배후산지형의 곰솔군락에서는 방풍림 산책로, 삼림완충지대 조성, 식생천이를 유도함으로서 자연식생을 복원할 수 있는 적극적인 해안 방풍림 보전이 필요하다. 조사지역에서는 해안 방풍림의 서식지 특성과 분포실태에 따라 해수욕장과 공한지 주변지역 관리, 배후습지 복원 관리, 외래식물 분포 억제 관리, 생물종의 다양성과 서식지의 다양성 유지 관리, 곰솔림의 고령화와 병충해 확산 예방 관리 등 생태학적인 관리방안이 요구된다.

The purpose of this research was to investigate and analyse how Community Forest Initiatives as urban fringe management initiatives made alliances with a variety of interest groups, enrol them in the urban fringe management processes using the Actor Network Theory. The Thames Chase Community Forest Initiative was selected and its area of operation included a 97 km2 area of green-belt area in East London. It was a instrument far improving and protecting the unique characteristics of the countryside landscape from urban developments as well as evaluating the impact of forestry inclusion in land use planning in the urban fringe. It was operated through a tiered structure comprising the Thames Chase Joint Committee and the management team. They employed a variety of devices to speak with one voice to bring about an effective operation process and to secure the enrolment of a variety of interest groups in its operational processes. Of note, the initiative's actor network impacted on improvement to and management of the countryside landscape despite not owning any land itself. As a result, when urban fringe management initiatives will be launched in South Korea to achieve a more effective and efficient urban fringe management, local councillors and representatives from public and non-government bodies should be more responsive to local communities' views and needs and work more vigorously on their behalf through lobbying, seeking media support, and so on. Moreover, better understanding and communication between local authorities' officers and management initiatives' teams are essential to avoid duplication of work practice.

Using the principal component analysis and clustering Forest resources are consistently necessary in the future. It takes much time to produce and breed them. However it is difficult to do due to recent social situation. Considering global environment, forest policy should be considered as a global scale rather than a regional one. At least, the policy needs a national scale concern. In order to support forestry, elementary data are needed. In this study, forest characteristics in Ishigawa-gen province have been analyzed through main component analysis and clustering. The results are shown in fig.5 and fig.6.

We introduce a simplified crossing wood drain disperses rain water concentration and is used to protect the road surface from erosion due to flooding over the unpaved road. The efficiency of a simplified crossing wood drain was also investigated. A structure of simplified crossing wood drain can be produced within 10 minutes and installed within 18 minutes. The cost of the this product is 1/5 of that of the existing crossing drain product. The production and installation cost can be reduced according to dexterity. In the context of such applications, the degrees of damage for a rubber pad, which preventing the rain overflow, were varied according to their materials. A type of 8.2㎜ thick fabric rubber was the most suitable in this study.

Forest management starts from forest road facility, which is designated as generation source of muddy water in mountain stream during initial stage of establishment. Therefore, this study reviewed the effect of suspended sediment generated in forest road surface on the muddy water in mountain stream with respect to marsh area of forest. As a result, characteristics of outflow of suspended sediment was understood, and it was judged that generation of suspended sediment due to establishment of forest road is diluted by mountain stream this charged from drainage area so as to have small effect on muddy water in total mountain stream.