The hyperdiverse beetle family Carabidae is one of the largest families of Coleoptera. Nearly 10% of described carabid species are classified in the tribe Pterostichini or tribes historically closely associated with Pterostichini. Beetles in these groups are found worldwide and in habitats from ocean beaches to high-elevation glacial edges. Pterostichines are often abundant and local species richness can be exceptionally high. I will present an overview of the diversity, biogeography, and current phylogenetic arrangement of the included taxa. I will discuss some of the many amazing aspects of the group’s natural history including cases of mate marking during copulation, secondary sexual characters, mate guarding, burrow construction, maternal care for eggs and larvae, and apparent stridulatory structures. I will introduce the Australian trichosternus group and discuss the conservation status of these imperiled beetles and how fundamental taxonomic science led to gaining protection for some species. I will make the case that taxonomy has a unique role among the life sciences to explore, describe, classify, and provide an understanding of the diversity of life, at and above the species level, focusing on individual characters, and within the context of evolutionary history.

교통량이 증가하고 교량과 같은 특수구조물에 아스팔트 포장이 시공되는 사례가 증가함에 따라 일반적으로 사용되는 아스팔트보다 높은 성능을 가진 아스팔트에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있다. 일반 아스팔트 혼합물은 내구연한이 지나면 재생첨가제 등을 사용하여 다 시 도로포장재료로서 재활용할 수 있는 방안이 마련되어 있으나, 개질 아스팔트가 사용된 폐아스팔트 혼합물은 매립재로 사용하는 것 이외에는 별다른 대안이 없는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국토부 지침에 규정된 재활용 아스팔트 혼합물 배합설계법을 적용하여 개질 폐아스팔트 혼합물을 재활용할 수 있는지를 검토해보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 개질 아스팔트를 활용하여 혼합물을 제작하였으며, 현장에서 수거되는 폐아스팔트 혼합물의 노화상태를 모사하기 위해 AASHTO R 30을 참고하여 강제 노화를 실시하였다. 노화 및 추출 과정에서 아스팔트의 물성 변화를 확인하기 위해 절대점도, DSR, MSCR 시험을 실시하였다. 시험결과, 추출 후 바인더의 절대점도는 감소하였으나 G*(복합전단계수)와 δ(위상각)은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 소성변형 저항성을 확인하기 위해 MSCR(다중 응력 크리프 및 회복) 시험을 실시한 결과,  이 2배 가까이 증가하여 소성변형 저항성이 감소한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 추출시 사용 되는 용매가 개질첨가제를 추출하지 못하여 기인한 결과로 판단된다. 따라서 개질 폐아스팔트 혼합물을 재활용하기 위해서는 기존과 는 다른 별도의 배합설계법이 개발되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

‘근본악’은 칸트가 규정하는 도덕법칙을 위협하는 ‘자연적 충 동성’이라는 악의 상태이다. 칸트는 인간이 어떤 도덕적 준칙을 자유롭게 채택할 때 선천적으로 악을 따르는 경향이 있다고 하 였다. 이는 『성경』에 나오는 아담의 원죄와 마찬가지로 ‘근본 악’도 인간의 자유에서 비롯된다는 즉, 선택의지의 자유를 따르 는 결과이다. 도덕법칙이 이성을 훈육하고 강화하는 원리로써 존중되어 왔다면 ‘근본악’은 경계해야 하는 것으로 간극되어 왔 다. 하지만 최근 현대 영상물에서는 악이라는 빌런이 주인공으 로 등장하면서 악에 담긴 의미의 재해석이 되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 칸트의 ‘근본악’개념을 바탕으로 중국 고전 속 대표 적인 악인 캐릭터 반금련이 현대 대중문화 속에서 감성과 이성 의 가치를 전도하면서 핫한 이슈로 존속되는 의미를 분석한 다. 또한 악에 대한 자유로운 선택의 단서는 바로 인간의 원초 적 욕망에 있다는 점에서 반금련 캐릭터는 도덕 법칙을 이탈시 키는 존재일 뿐만 아니라 사회에 문란한 질서를 재생산하는 상 징체계에 의문을 제기하는 존재로 해석하면서 그 해석을 논증 하는 것을 궁극 목적으로 삼는다.

본 연구는 대행 선사의 오공 의식에 대한 불교 심리학적 사상체계와 상담심 리학적 요소를 탐구하기 위한 것이다. 오공의식은 한마음 요전에 구체적인 내용을 적시한 “한마음 주인공”의 핵심 사상으로서 모든 것은 일심으로 작용한다고 한다. 오공은 공심. 공용. 공생. 공 체. 공식으로, 주목할 점은 오공 의식에 내포되어 있는 수행체계와 사회적 실천 에 대한 마음의 작용을 언급하고 있다. 다양한 관점으로 인간을 포용하고 있는 오공 의식은 인간의 실존적 본성을 꿰뚫고 있으며 인간 삶의 문제해결 방식에 도 오공 의식 시각에서 일부분 설명이 될 수 있다. 오공 의식은 인간의 고질병인 이분법적인 분별의 원인을 통찰하는 근기를 길 러주는 근원으로 번뇌하는 마음을 인식하여 주관적으로 근본을 믿고 마치 상담 으로 인한 심리장애의 근원을 발견한 후 스스로 심리치유가 되도록 한다. 오공 의식은 번뇌와 가립된 마음을 일심신으로 통찰과 수용을 통해 오공으로 융합하면 의식의 발달과 성장으로 장애와 고통에서 벗어난 심리적 안정에 이르 게 된다고 이해할 수 있다. 대행의 독특한 설법은 대상 관계 및 인간 중심치료와 정신분석심리상담의 기 법과 유사점을 확인할 수 있었다. 일심으로 자신의 내면을 무조건적 수용과 긍 정적 자기존중으로 탈 동일시화로 의식이 변성하고 자기발달로 자아 초월 심리 학적인 자기 변용을 이룰 수 있다. 오공 의식은 만물 만생과 통하는 인간의 마음은 곧 오공으로 실천하고 함께 하면 심리적 고통이 사라진 단계를 체험할 수 있음은 불교적 관법의 목표로 인 식된다. 상담심리이론들이 인간의 심리를 일부분에 중점을 두면서 역설하였다면 대 행의 오공의식은 인간의 마음을 전체적으로 간파하고 있다. 오공의식은 인간의 심리문제를 자신의 일심으로 신뢰하고 맡기는 방식을 제시하고 있다. 심리치유는 주인공 한마음이 발현되어 일체중생인 내담자도 청정한 마음인 본래불성을 발현하고 회복하여 청정자성을 현실에 적응하도록 하는 것이다. 대행의 오공 의식도 상담 심리치유 기제로 사용 가능하다고 본다.

PURPOSES : This study was conducted to evaluate the physical properties of the RAP 50 asphalt mixture containing polymer modified rejuvenator and warm-mix additive to improve the recycling rate of RAP and reduce CO2 emission. METHODS : Mix design of Polymer Modified Warm-mix Asphalt Mixture(RAP 50), and Hot Mix Asphalt Mixture(RAP 30) were produced and the properties of asphalt mixture such as Marshall Stability, ITS, Deformation Strength, TSR, and Dynamic Stability were compared between the two asphalt mixtures. RESULTS : The RAP 50 asphalt mixture showed superior or similar performances compared to the RAP 30 asphalt mixture in all the tests conducted. The results of the Marshall stability and dynamic stability in particular were 13,045N and 3,826 pass/mm, which were 11.37% and 76.7% greater than the RAP 30 asphalt mixture, which indicated that high plastic deformation resistance may be expected. CONCLUSIONS : The results obtained from laboratory tests on the two types of mixtures indicated that the use of polymer modified rejuvenator and warm-mix additive not only allows to increase the proportion of RAP but also improves its properties under lower temperature condition than RAP 30 asphalt mixture. Additionally, it was confirmed that plastic deformation resistance was high and moisture resistance and crack resistance were improved for a RAP 50 asphalt mixture.

PURPOSES : In this study, the resources and energy consumed to produce hot mix asphalt mixtures and hot mix reclaimed asphalt mixtures in asphalt concrete plants were estimated and the emissions from the detailed processes of the production process were evaluated based on TRACI(the tool for the reduction and assessment of chemical and other environmental impacts). METHODS : To estimate the energy consumption of the aggregate drying process, which consumes a significant amount of energy in the production process, an energy consumption calculation model based on the thermal equilibrium equation was used, and the energy consumed for material transportation, storage, and operation of other facilities was cited from the literature. RESULTS : For the system boundary conditions established and the inventory considered, the emissions to produce one ton of hot mix reclaimed asphalt mix are greater than the emissions to produce one ton of hot mix asphalt mix for a number of key impact categories. The process of producing hot mix reclaimed asphalt mixtures was evaluated to consume more resources and energy in the production of recycled aggregates and heating for drying than in the production of hot mix asphalt mixtures, but less resources and energy in the production of binders and natural virgin aggregates and the heating to heat these materials. CONCLUSIONS : The results of the emissions assessment using the life cycle inventory for the production of hot mix asphalt mixtures were generally similar to the results understood in the field and in much of the literatures, confirming the reliability of the methodology. However, in order to evaluate the dominance of specific processes or mixtures, it is believed that the construction of a wide range of inventory databases after inventory redesign is necessary for a specific and rigorous assessment.

PURPOSES : Experimental findings pertaining to the mechanical properties and microstructures of calcium sulfo-aluminate (CSA) cement and amorphous calcium aluminate (ACA) cement based-repair mortars incorporated with anhydrite gypsum (AG) are described herein. METHODS : To prepare the mortars, the CSA or ACA as binders were adopted and the ratio of water–binder was fixed at 0.57. For comparison, mortar made of Type I ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was prepared. The fluidity, setting time, compressive and bond strengths and absorption of the mortars were measured at predetermined periods. In addition, the microstructures of paste samples using OPC, CSA or ACA were visually examined through SEM observation. RESULTS : The ACA-based mortars showed the increases in the fluidity, and the acceleration of the setting time. Furthermore, the ACAbased binder effectively enhanced the compressive and bond strengths of the mortars owing to amount of formation of C2AH8 hydrates. Meanwhile, the mortar with ACA showed an excellence absorption. CONCLUSIONS : Comparing with those of CSA-based mortars, the mechanical properties of ACA based-mortars were more remarkable. However, further studies regarding the durability of repair mortars using aluminate-based binders must be conducted to obtain the optimal mixture.

PURPOSES : The process of extracting and recovering an asphalt binder from an asphalt mixture is harmful to the human body and can affect the properties of the asphalt binder owing to the presence of residual solvent quantities. This study was conducted to determine the properties of aged asphalt binders based on rejuvenator content without extracting and recovering the asphalt binders using RAP mortar. METHODS : After extracting and recovering aged binders from waste asphalt, a rejuvenator was added at a certain rate to evaluate the physical and rheological properties of the binder based on the added amount. RESULTS : When the rejuvenator content was greater than necessary, the absolute viscosity was not properly measured owing to the behavior of the rejuvenator. The phase angle was measured to be almost 90°, thus indicating that it acted as a liquid . In addition, the shear strain and nonrecovery compliance also increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS : If an excess rejuvenator quantity was added to the aged binder, the absolute viscosity was not properly measured, the phase angle was measured to be almost 90°, and the shear strain increased significantly. It is also necessary to conduct the same tests on different types of RAPs to ensure that the results of this study are reasonable.

We present the deep homogeneous 𝑈𝐵𝑉𝑅𝐼 photometric data of 135,071 stars down to 𝑉 ∼ 23 mag and 𝐼 ∼ 22 mag toward the Carina Nebula. These stars are cross-matched with those from the previous surveys in the X-ray, near-infrared, and mid-infrared wavelengths as well as the Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3). This master catalog allows us to select reliable members and determine the fundamental parameters distance, size, stellar density of stellar clusters in this star-forming region. We revisit the reddening toward the nebula using the optical and the near-infrared colors of early-type stars. The foreground reddening [𝐸(𝐵 −𝑉) 𝑓 𝑔] is determined to be 0.35 ± 0.02, and it seems to follow the standard reddening law. On the other hand, the total-toselective extinction ratio of the intracluster medium (𝑅𝑉,𝑐𝑙) decreases from the central region (Trumpler 14 and 16, 𝑅𝑉,𝑐𝑙 ∼ 4.5) to the northern region (Trumpler 15, 𝑅𝑉,𝑐𝑙 ∼ 3.4). It implies that the central region is more dusty than the northern region. We find that the distance modulus of the Carina Nebula to be 11.9 ± 0.3 mag (𝑑 = 2.4 ± 0.35 kpc) using a zero-age main-sequence fitting method, which is in good agreement with that derived from the Gaia EDR3 parallaxes. We also present the catalog of 3,331 pre-main-sequence (PMS) members and 14,974 PMS candidates down to 𝑉 ∼ 22 mag based on spectrophotometric properties of young stars at infrared, optical, and X-ray wavelengths. From the spatial distribution of PMS members and PMS candidates, we confirm that the member selection is very reliable down to faint stars. Our data will have a legacy value for follow-up studies with different scientific purposes.

AZ31 magnesium alloy was used to manufacture a thin plate using a melt drag method. The effects of roll speed, molten metal temperature, and molten metal height, which are the basic factors of the melt drag method, on the surface shape, the thickness of the thin plate, Vickers hardness, and microstructure of the thin plate were investigated. It was possible to manufacture AZ31 magnesium alloy thin plate at the roll speed range of 1 to 90 m/min. The thickness of the thin plate, manufactured while changing only the roll speed, was about 1.8 to 8.8 mm. The shape of the solidified roll surface was affected by two conditions, the roll speed and the molten metal height, and the Vickers hardness of the manufactured magnesium alloy thin plate value ranged from Hv38~Hv60. The microstructure of the thin plate produced by this process was an equiaxed crystal and showed a uniform grain size distribution. The grain size was greatly affected by the contact state between the molten metal and the solidification roll, and the amount of reactive solids and liquids scraped at the same time as the thin plate. The average grain size of the thin plate fabricated in the range of these experimental conditions changed to about 50-300 μm.