본고는 전쟁 결정 원인으로서 역사적 필연성 사고 체계에 주목하였다. 이에 대하여 냉전 시기 소련에 초점을 맞추어 살펴보았다. 우선 본고는 전쟁 결정 여부를 설명하는 데 있어 타자와의 관계 인식을 양립불가성 또는 공존불가성에 기반한 관계로 분류할 수 있는 역사적 필연성에 대한 인식론을 분석틀로 제시하였다. 이 중에서 후자가 전쟁 결정을 야기시킬 수 있다. 이를 바탕으로 본고는 소련의 역사적 필연성 인식을 살펴보았 다. 냉전 시기 소련은 자유주의와 자본주의 진영과의 전쟁불가피론과 필 연적 승리론을 채택하였으나, 흐루쇼프 시기를 기점으로 이를 폐기하고 전쟁가피론을 수용하였다. 더 나아가 본고는 소련이 미국과의 전쟁에 대 하여 새로운 역사적 필연성 인식을 가졌는지에 대해 알아보았다. 이에 대하여 소련이 전쟁 대신 체제 경쟁을 통해 미국을 이길 수 있다고 판단 하였으며, 핵무기의 등장으로 전쟁은 궁극적으로 공동 멸절을 가져올 것 이라는 새로운 역사적 필연성의 확립으로 인해 소련의 전쟁불가피론에서 전쟁가피론으로의 사고 변화는 불가역적 속성을 갖는다는 결론을 도출하 였다.

1992년 개최된 유엔지명표준화총회 이후 ‘동해’ 지명 표기에 관한 관심이 커지면서 동해 표기에 관한 연구가 다양하게 이루어졌으며 다수의 논문과 책자가 발간되었다. 하지만 ‘Japan Sea’로 표시된 해역의 범위에 관해서는 정작 관심이 적은 편으로 제주도 서단과 진도 앞바다를 연결하는 선부터 부산 앞바다에 이르는 대한해협 해역까지도 포함하고 있음에 대해서는 잘 알려지지 않았다. 이 연구는 2002년 회람된 IHO S-23 ｢해양과 바다의 경계(Limits of Oceans and Seas)｣ 초안에 첨부된 지도를 분석하였다. 1~3판과는 달리 1986년과 2002년 초안에는 바다지명에 계층이 도입되어 있다. 대한해협이 ‘Japan Sea’에 포함되어 있음을 새로이 인식하고 그 배경에 대한 종합적 이해가 필요하다. 1905년 러·일 전쟁 중에 작성된 조선해협 경계 작전도의 경계선과 유사함을 지적하고자 한다. 일본해의 일부로 대한해협이 포함되기 시작한 배경에 대한 가설은 러·일 전쟁 후 일본군부가 대한해협의 승리를 일본해 해전의 승리로 선전한 것에 기인하고 있다는 것이다. 추후 근대 일본 사료와 IHO의 문서들에 대한 사료검토를 통해 가설이 확실하게 증명된다면 동해･일본해 표기 문제에서도 전환점을 마련할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

The grade of East Asian architecture is generally classified by the size, the shape of the roof, and the type of bracket set. The craftsmanship of columns, beam, purlin, stylobate, column base stone and paintwork is also a contributing factor for such classifications. These classifications can be found not only in historical documents such as Oksajo(屋舍條) of Samguksagi(三國史記) but also in house details regulations of residential architecture(家舍規制) of Joseon Dynasty. However, there are differences in detailed designs among the same grade of architecture regardless of the classification. In this research, the Palace, the Royal Residence(宮家), and the Jaesil(齋室) are considered as the Palatial Buildings and Royal Residences. And the advanced architectural ㅇ details which appear only in the Royal Architectures are defined as the ‘The Architectural Crafts as a Code of Manners’. The Architectural Crafts as a Code of Manners is detailed design, which can be seen as fabrication of materials and supplementary factors. The Architectural Crafts as a Code of Manners used in the Palatial Buildings and Royal Residences reveal the types and their historical changes. This research will present a basis for the repair and restoration of cultural heritages to be carried out in the future, and also prevent them from further damages, thus help to preserve the cultural heritages.

This study examined the historical changes of and dietitians’ needs for the Life Cycle-based Dietary Guidelines for Koreans. Content analysis of relevant documents, a survey of 307 dietitians, and in-depth interviews with eight dietitians were conducted. The dietary guidelines published between 2003 and 2004 included one set of common guidelines and several sets of dietary action guides corresponding to six target groups: pregnant and lactating women, infants and toddlers, children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly. The guidelines were revised between 2008 and 2011 and consisted of six sets of guidelines for the target groups without common guidelines. The dietitians considered five or six as appropriate numbers of guidelines for each group. Needs for separate guidelines for women of child-bearing age and male workers were reported. The dietitians preferred one set of common guidelines with specific action guides for each target group and wanted easier and more specific messages to be included in the new guidelines. It is suggested that the Life Cycle-based Dietary Guidelines for Koreans should be revised to reflect such dietitians’ needs.

The aim of this research was to analyze changes in a Roasted Beef recipe through Sulhamyukjuk. In order to conduct this study, we investigated ancient and modern culinary literature published until 1950. The main method of research in this study was content analysis. There were 15 pieces of ancient and modern culinary literature used. In addition, the roasted beef recipes totaled 78. Analysis of recipe data published over the last 300 years showed two different types of Roasted Beef recipes: 1) Roasted Skewered Beef and 2) General Roasted Beef. In the case of Roasted type, the method was divided into three steps: 1) Coating of flour porridge after marinade in the source, 2) Three dippings into cold water during Roasting, and 3) Roasting again with Seasoning.

The mainly purpose of this research was to investigate tendency of changes regarding the recipe of Naengmyeon (Korean cold noodles) based on water. In order to conduct of this research, we analyze the recipe data published in Korea from 1800's to 1980's. A method of mainly study was conducted by content analysis and literature review. The documents of recipe used research were 42 literatures (euigwae, recipe book, magazines, and dictionaries). In addition, the recipes of Naengmyeon based on water were total method of 84. The results of an analysis of recipe data published in the last 200 years showed 3 different types of the recipe of Naengmyeon based on water; 1) Naengmyeon based on water of Kimchi juice type 2) Naengmyeon based on water of (meat) broth type 3) Naengmyeon based on water of mixed (Kimchi juice+broth) type.

본 논문은 미국교정에 있어서 수용자인권의 신장과정과 제한적 조치의 내용 을 대표성있는 대법원판례를 중심으로 1960년대 이후부터 시대순으로 정리하고 그 사회적 배경을 기술한다. 또한 수용자소송과 관련된 수정헌법 조문을 기준으 로 각 권리영역에 속하는 소송결과를 나열함으로써 수용자의 권리가 신장되는 과정에서도 수용자권리보호와 시설의 안전과 질서유지 사이에 일정한 균형이 시도되고 있음을 보여준다. 끝으로, 미국과 우리나라에서 공통적으로 발견되는 정치사회적 분위기에 크게 영향을 받는 수용자인권정책이 그 한계를 벗어나 보 다 근본적인 접근이 필요함을 제시한다.

Korean formed the unique culture through the exchanges with the neighboring civilization with the exclusion, the acceptance in pursuit of change. However, we've experienced some of distortion. Accordingly, a lot of tradition has lost and foreign culture t

Spider mite is the most concerned pest in apple production. This study compared and analyzed the historical changes of two mite pests, Tetranychus urticae koch and Panonychus ulmi (Koch) in 16-30 representative apple orchards in the major apple production area; Gyeongnam, Gyeongbuk, and Jeonbuk province of Korea from 1992 to 2007. Monthly sampling of 100 leaves per orchard provided the basic data of population density of two mite species. Among those orchards, chemical spray history was also analyzed from four orchards, which could be representatives of IPM practitioners. It was found that overall population densities of T. urticae were higher than those of P. ulmi for 16 years. Before 2000, T. urticae was dominant over P. ulmi in most orchards. However since 2000, P. ulmi have occurred more than or as much as T. urticae.. Moreover, although there was large fluctuation of occurrences of two mite species over the years and localities, spider mite pressure appeared to decrease, in general. It seemed to relate the timing of ground cover management with pheromone-based IPM implementation nationwide from late 90s. Panonychus ulmi appeared to rise in April and July in general, fall in August, and go up again in the late season; September-October, while T. urticae appeared to begin to rise in June with July or August peak and sometime with late season second peak in October. Application frequency of acaricide has been dropped from four times in the late 1990s to 2.5 times in the late 2000s.