The remarkable electrical, thermal, mechanical, and optical properties of graphene and its derivative grapheme oxide have recently gained great importance, along with the large surface area and single-atoms thickness. In this respect, several techniques of synthesis such as chemical exfoliation, mechanical exfoliation, or chemical synthesis have been discovered. However, the development of graphene with fewer defects and on a large scale poses major challenges; therefore, it is increasingly necessary to produce it in large proportions with high quality. This paper reviews the top-down synthesis approach of graphene and its well-known derivative graphene oxide. Furthermore, characterization of graphene oxide nanomaterial is a critical component of the analysis. The characterization techniques employed to determine the quality, defects intensity, number of layers, and structures for graphene oxide nanomaterial at the atomic scale. This article focuses on the different involved characterization methodology for graphene oxide with their percentage utilization for the past 11 years. Additionally, reviewing all of the characterization literature for the last 11 years would be a difficult task. Therefore, the aim is to outline the existing state of graphene oxide by different characterization techniques and provide a comparative analysis based on their percentage utilization.

이 논문은 후손의 심신을 더 향상하기 위한 자연과학적인 접근의 시도이다. 사람을 출생이나 수태보다 훨씬 전인 미립자 (quark)부터 완전한 인격체로 보고 대우하는 관점이다. 크게 두 단계 ① 새 정자 생성과 난자 준비에서 착상까지와 ② 착상 후 태교와 초유 수유까지로 구분하였다. 1단계는 1개월간 후손을 디자인하고, 3개월간 음식과 운동과 생각으로 그런 아기를 잉태할 정자를 개발하고 난자를 준비시키며, 2개월간 안전한 수정과 착상까지 수행한다. 2단계는 착상된 배아가 설계된 대로 태아가 되고, 엄마와 아기가 건강하고 안전하게 자연 분만 후 초유 수유까지 10개월간 엄마 아빠는 물론 온 가족이 협력하여 태교를 수행하여 그의 일생 건강과 안정의 기초를 쌓는다. 1단계에는 선조들의 임신 전 100일 기도 관행과, 1801년 사주당 이씨가 쓴 세계 최초의 태교 단행본 ‘태교신기’의 주장과, 이의 과학적 근거가 되는 양자의학과 후성유전학과 신경과학과 양자물리학 등을 적용한다. 2단계는 다양한 태교 과학 및 뇌 발달 중심으로 양자의학과 뇌 과학 및 양자물리에서 필요한 사항을 적용하여 생후 자신의 환경에 적응을 준비하게 하였다. 21세기의 총포 없는 전쟁 중 하나인 종자 개발 연구와 노력은 농축산물에 적용하는 것보다, 인간에게 적용하는 것이 훨씬 더 급하고 결정적이라고 본다. 이는 빅뱅 우주역사를 확증하는 양자역학이 이를 충분히 보증할 것이다.

Today, customers experience a multitude of online and offline touchpoints along their shopping journeys. A customer touchpoint is defined as a direct or indirect encounter with a firm along shopping process (Baxendale et al., 2015). Touchpoints can be oneway or two-way interactions between customers and firms (Verhoef, Kannan, & Inman, 2015). Instant experiences are initiated by firms, others or by customers themselves. These experiences influence customer’s overall experience with brands, and furthermore, have impact on customers' subsequent attitude and behaviour. Another important question for managers is to decide whether to aim for creating frequent encounters: focus on volume, or creating instant experiences with stronger positive-emotional response: focus on valence. Prior research investigated different touchpoints separately and mostly focused on the effect of the volume of touchpoint encounters on attitudes and behaviour. Taking a holistic perspective, we investigate the effects of volume and valence of customers’ previous experiences of firm, others and customer initiated touchpoints on satisfaction and current purchases. We employed a real-time tracking method where respondents reported their touchpoint experiences via a mobile phones, each time they encountered the focal brand in a 4- week period in supermarket, healthcare and banking categories. We employ a twostep dynamic Heckman Probit model to investigate the impact of volume and valence of touchpoints on customer behaviour, and a multivariate regression to investigate the touchpoint effects on brand satisfaction along customer journeys. Our results reveal that brand satisfaction is mostly explained by the effect of touchpoint valence and not touchpoint volume. Our behaviour model reveals that the volume, rather than valence, of previous customer initiated purchases and transactions impacts the frequency of current purchases.

예이츠의 시는 절대 결핍, 무, 신의 영광, 신학적인 난해한 언어 등을 내포하지 않는다. 도리어, 그의 시는 지적 탐구와 학식으로 가득하다. 그의 시는 신비 주의보다는 마술적, 영향적이라기 보다 지적, 주술적이라기보다 신학적 기질을 보인다. 따라서, 그의 시는 서양의 영지주의와 연금술적 전통으로 분류될 수 있다. 그는 세상 의 모든 신비주의적 영지주적 지식(즉 신비적 추상화)을 자신의 시 저술에 변형하고 통합한다. 그래서, 그는 낮은 신비주의, 즉, 신비주의라기 보다 영지주의자로 보아야 한다.

e-Learning has now been used widely as a teaching tool of the new era. Effective delivery of e-Learning could bring a better learning outcome in an effective and efficient way. Besides, mobile technology has enabled mobility in e-Learning, which could bring even a better e-Learning for all. However, there is not yet a model of best practice in e-Learning for Thailand, let alone for the world. This paper discusses most selected modes out of 22 modes of Integrative Delivery Methodology with Mobility for successful implementation of e-Learning in Thailand based on perceptions and experiences of the lecturers from Thailand Cyber University Project, the only national e-Learning institution at Higher Education level under the Ministry of Education. The findings revealed that Discussion group is the most selected delivering mode followed by Forum and Brainstorming(equally).

This qualitative study explores how a holistic approach to writing across language skills can promote EFL student writing in terms of linguistic, cognitive, metacognitive, and affective factors. As an alternative to current writing methods that narrowly focus on the surface structure of language, this study shows how a technology-incorporated EFL writing project, conducted by Korean college students, integrated various activities across different language skills to support student writing globally and holistically. Beyond the traditional view of writing as a product and the current view of writing as a process, activities presented in this paper also embraced social factors of writing. This paper investigates the following three research questions: 1) how can an integrated curriculum facilitate student writing? 2) How can L1 writing assist L2 writing? 3) How can technology promote student view of writing as a social act? The result of this study indicated that the students’ writings greatly improved in both form and content during this project. The successful outcome of the Dokdo project will provide a new insight on EFL writing to writing teachers.

The purposes of this research were to support understanding for the structure and content of Occupational Adaptation, to clarify the role of occupational therapist and the main intervention method on this model, to discuss the correlation between holistic thinking and occupational adaptation. To achieve above goals, the literatures on occupational adaptation which was introduced by Schkade and Schultz were investigated. Occupational adaptation is the description for adaptation processing that exists to everybody. Such processing helps the human adapt to occupational challenges, to perform various roles and activities, and to acquire competence. Occupational adaptation is not a collection of technique but a way of thinking about intervention in the individual’s internal adaptation process. The holistic approach, which is the background of occupational therapy, is the important thinking of occupational adaptation. In conclusion, Occupational adaptation is a method to apply the holistic thought to practice contexts. Further study on occupational adaptation is recommended to explore the appropriate methods that are practical for the occupational therapy atmosphere in Korea.

두만강은 하천규모는 작으나(약 ), 상하류 국가간 많은 갈등 요소를 안고 있음에도 변방이라는 지리적 특성으로 각국의 중앙정부로부터 정치사회적 관심의 대상이 되지 못했다. 1990년대 들어 UNDP등 국제적인 관심이 집중되면서 이 지역의 수자원 문제해결을 위한 대안들이 제시되었으나 국제하천관리의 문제해결에 있어 가장 중요한 국제협력체계의 확고한 구축이 미흡한 것으로 평가되고 있다. 특히 제도, 관리체계 및 기술적 대안이 필요한 국제하천관리의 기본원칙이 고