우리 사회는 1960년대 산업화 이후 경제, 정치 등 다양한 영역에서 급속한 근대화와 압축 성장을 이루었다. 하지만 이러한 성장 속에서 계층 간 소득 격차와 양극화가 심화되는 등 여러 문제가 발생했고, 이는 국토 전체적으로는 물론 도시 내에서도 지역 간 불균형 발전을 야기했다. 본 연구는 소득 수준이 지역 간 불균형 발전에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 가구별 연평균 소득과 인프라 접근성 간 관계를 실증적으로 분석한다. 연구에서는 서울시 소득 수준 데이터와 인프라 데이터를 사용하여 소득 수준과 인프라 접근성 간 관계를 다중회귀분석을 사용해 분석하였다. 연구의 공간적 범위는 서울시이며, 시간적 범위는 2017년으로 설정했다. 인프라 시설은 교육, 교통, 문화･여가, 보건, 체육 관련 시설로 구분했으며, 소득 수준과 함께 인구 밀도, 인구 수, 중심업무지구 여부 등이 접근성에 미치는 영향을 분석했다. 분석 결과 소득 수준에 따라 인프라 접근성에 차이가 나타난 것을 확인했고, 교통 인프라를 제외한 모든 분야에서 비교적 높은 상관관계가 도출되었다. 또한, 소득 수준 변화에 민감하게 반응하는 분야와 소득 수준에 따라 나타나는 인프라 접근성의 차이를 확인할 수 있었다.

This study aimed to determine the association between household types and healthy dietary practices among Korean adults. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using nationwide data on 23,488 participants from the 2017-2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Based on self-reported data, the participant household types were classified into single- and multi-person households. The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for healthy dietary practices according to household types were calculated by applying multivariable logistic regression analysis after adjusting for confounders. Of total, 11.21% and 88.79% were single- and multi-person households, respectively. Compared with individuals living in multi-person households, those in single-person households had lower odds of adhering to healthy dietary practices (AOR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79-0.98) and consuming adequate saturated fatty acids (<7% of energy) (AOR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.69-0.88). In addition, men and individuals aged 65 years living in single-person households exhibited lower odds of consuming adequate saturated fatty acids and 500 g of fruit and vegetables per day than those in multi-person households. Single-person households often find it a challenge to practice a healthy diet. Hence, nutritional policies and educational support that help individuals living alone consume healthier diets are warranted.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between household economic changes by COVID-19 and dietary habits in Korean adolescents. The study analyzed data from the 17th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey in 2021. A total of 54,848 middle and high school students, 28,401 males and 26,447 females, participated in this study. COVID-19 lead to deterioration of household economy in the lower level of household economic status (p<0.001). The deterioration of household economic status by COVID-19 was associated with dietary habits such as lower breakfast intake, and higher fast food, soda drinks, and sweet drinks consumption (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that deterioration of household economic status was significantly decreased in frequency of breakfast intake (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.67~0.80). The deterioration of household economic status by COVID-19 was also significantly associated with increased frequency of fast food (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.16~1.41), soda drinks (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.30~1.56) and sweet drinks (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.24~1.46) consumption (p<0.001). In conclusion, it was confirmed that the change in household economy caused by COVID-19 was associated with dietary habits in adolescents. As the household economy deteriorated, there was an increase in undesirable dietary habits including skipping breakfast and fast food consumption.

The standards for heavy metal levels in crustaceans are 0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg or lower for lead and cadmium, respectively. Further, the contamination levels of arsenic, mercury, methyl mercury, and tin are being continuously investigated, considering their current exposure levels. Shrimps are potentially exposed to heavy metals because they inhabit areas with abundant organic matter, such as sandy or muddy shores, places with a lot of seaweed, and estuaries. This study measured the monetary value of reducing consumer anxiety and increasing consumer confidence if the government prohibits the sale of shrimp species that exceed the threshold for specific heavy metals and of the top shrimp species for which no threshold for heavy metals is specified. We derived consumer willingness-topay (WTP). Combining the estimated WTP with the number of households in the country, the total value of benefits was estimated to be 363.9 billion won. The results of this study will provide an important empirical finding, showing to what extent specific policies regarding heavy metals in seafood can alleviate consumer anxiety and provide psychological reassurance.

This study employed the Gini coefficient decomposition analysis to classify and examine fishery household income inequality according to income sources. The raw data from the Fisheries Economic Survey by the National Statistical Office were used for the analysis after equalization according to the recommended method of the OECD. In particular, the Gini coefficient was decomposed by classifying with and without public subsidies, and the contribution, correlation, and marginal effect by income source were presented.As a result of the analysis, the inequality of fishing income and non-fishing income of fishermen was worsening, and the inequality of transfer income was continuously easing. Among them, fisheries subsidies have been analyzed to have the greatest contribution to the Gini coefficient of gross income and the highest relative marginal effect, although distribution inequality has been alleviated. On the other hand, other subsidies, including public pensions, were found to have the opposite contribution, correlation, and marginal effect to fisheries subsidies. The results of this analysis showed that even within public subsidies, the contribution to income redistribution might differ depending on the nature of the subsidy. In addition, in the case of other public subsidies, it can be seen that the transition from selective welfare to universal welfare occurs.

이 글은 남한 동해안에 유입된 북한 생활쓰레기로부터 시작된다. 그동안 북한 쓰레기가 남한에 유입된다는 사실은 해양쓰레기 실태조사 관련 연구 에서 주로 이루어졌다. 환동해권 해양쓰레기 유입 등에 관한 연구에서도 주로 한국과 일본, 극동러시아 등의 유입 현황에 관한 연구는 있지만, 북 한은 논의의 대상에서 제외되었다. 본 연구는 기존의 해양학 관점이 아닌 북한학 관점에서 남한 해안에 유입된 북한 쓰레기 문제를 다루었다. 북한 생활쓰레기 중 상품포장지는 직접적으로 북한 상품 생산 현황과 브랜드 등을 알 수 있으며, 간접적으로는 북한 내 경제 상황과 상품 유통 지역망 등을 알 수 있기 때문이다. 동해안 지역에서 수거한 북한제품 포장지를 살 펴보면 대부분 생산공장은 평양으로 표기되었다. 이를 통해 평양에서 생산 한 제품이 동해안 지역으로 유통됨을 알 수 있다. 또한 동해안 지역은 북 한을 대표하는 대도시인 원산, 청진, 함흥, 라선 등이 있는데, 실제로 상품 포장지에는 이 지역 생산공장이 표기되는 사례도 있었다. 김정은 집권 이 후 매년 국가적 차원에서 국가디자인전시회를 개최할 만큼 산업미술을 강 조하는데, 특히 상품의 고유한 특징을 표현하는 상표도안을 강조한다. 본 연구에서는 동해안 주요 도시에서 생산한 제품을 중심으로 같은 품목이지 만 공장별로 어떻게 상표도안이 다른지 살펴봤다. 북한 쓰레기에 대한 북 한학적 시각과 해양학적 시각의 학제간 연구를 통해 남한에 유입되는 북 한 생활쓰레기에 대한 연구의 폭을 넓혀갈 필요가 있다.

이 논문은 동계작물 재배면적 배분 비율의 의사결정 요인과 그 영향을 파악하기 위한 재배면적 함수의 구축과 추정에 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 지난 30년 동안(1991~2021) 동계작물 생산 농가의 최적 면적 배분 과정에서 생산물 가격요인과 투입 요소 생산비 요인의 영향을 추정하였다. 분석 결과, 생산물 가격요인으로 작물의 자체 가격 상승은 재배면적을 증가시키고, 대체 작물의 가격 상승은 재배면적을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 투입 요소 생산비 요인은 작물에 따라 증감의 방향이 혼재되어 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 가격 및 투입 요소 비용 변화로 인한 과잉 과소 생산을 방지하고 수급 안정을 도모하기 위해서는 주산지 및 지역별 작목변화와 생산량 예측이 선행되어 수급 정책 수립 시 적극적으로 활용할 필요가 있다.

This study aimed to investigate the need for dietary education and programs for young Koreans belonging to singleperson households in the metropolitan area. A total of 500 young adults aged 19-34 participated in the study through an online survey. Participants responded to questions on general characteristics, dietary problems, and the need for dietary education and programs. The subjects were divided into three groups as follows: Undergraduate students, employed workers, and others. Among the subjects from single-person households, 20.2, 67, and 12.8% were undergraduate students, employed workers, and others, respectively. When asked for their estimation of an appropriate self-pay when participating in a cooking class, 39.8% of total subjects responded ‘5,000-10,000 won’. The most preferred program for young adults in single-person households was the ‘support food package’. For the preferred method of dietary education, undergraduate students showed a greater preference for classes ‘at campuses’. However, employed workers and others had a higher preference for ‘non-face-to-face online classes’. Undergraduate students tended to generally have a higher preference for dietary education and support programs compared to employed workers and others. This study provides data that will be useful for establishing healthy dietary policies and education programs for young single-person households in Korea.

The risk of various hazardous substances in aquatic environment comprises not only the concentration of substances in the environmental medium but also their accumulation in fish through complex food web and the health risks to humans through the fish. In Korea, the monitoring of residual toxicant in aquatic ecosystems began in 2016 following the enforcement of the Acts on registration and evaluation for the management of chemicals used in daily life (consumer chemical products), and attention has been paid to potentially hazardous substances attributed to them. Recently, studies have been carried out to investigate the distribution of these hazardous substances in the ecosystem and calculate their emission factors. These include the accumulation and transport of substances, such as detergents, dyes, fragrances, cosmetics, and disinfectants, within trophic levels. This study summarizes the results of recently published research on the inflow and distribution of hazardous substances from consumer chemical products to the aquatic environment and presents the scientific implication. Based on studies on aquatic environment monitoring techniques, this study suggests research directions for monitoring the residual concentration and distribution of harmful chemical substances in aquatic ecosystems. In particular, this study introduces the directions for research on trophic position analysis using compound specific isotope analysis and trophic magnification factors, which are needed to fulfill the contemporary requirements of selecting target fish based on the survey of major fish that inhabit domestic waters and assessment of associated health risk. In addition, this study provides suggestions for future biota monitoring and chemical research in Korea.

This study was conducted to provide basic data for product development and marketing strategies for the Thai home meal replacement (HMR) market, to reflect the changing trends in household sizes in Thailand. The results of analyzing the characteristics and differences of HMR consumption behavior between single-person households and multi-person households in Thailand were as follows: It was found that single-person households use HMR to save money and for the convenience in cooking and preparation. In the preference by HMR type, multi-person households showed a higher preference for all types of products than single-person households. Thai consumers, regardless of their household size, mainly use department stores and large shopping malls to purchase HMR, and they most prefer to get information through Internet advertisements. The shelf life, quality, taste, hygiene, and freshness of HMR were the main considerations for their selection. Based on the results of this study, the Thai market requires the development of HMR products that are reasonable in terms of cost and preparation time. In addition, it is necessary to develop products that can satisfy consumer needs, such as nutritional enhancement and therapeutic foods, products that are organic, eco-friendly, cater to various menus, and address the premium segment.

This study was conducted to provide basic data for evolving a strategy for the development of Vietnam’s customized HMR program and formulating a marketing strategy by analyzing the characteristics and variations of HMR consumption behavior by household size. The results of the analysis were as follows: The number of single households using HMR as a general meal at home was higher than multiple-person households. Moreover, there was a high preference for ‘ready to heat’ and ‘ready to eat’ products, which are relatively easy to cook and prepare. It was observed that single households preferred department stores, hypermarkets, and convenience stores for purchasing HMR when compared to multiple households, and that single households preferred to acquire information through TV/radio and internet advertisements. Among the HMR selection attributes, single households valued taste, quantity, price, preparation process, preparation time, and ease of storage as important. Reflecting on the results of this study, when developing HMR in Vietnam, it is necessary to develop a product that can nutritionally replace the general meal with a focus on convenience. In addition, there is a need for products that possess various attributes such as convenience, health, and eco-friendliness.

Recently, there has been growing interest in harmful substances released from household items such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and this has increased people’s environmental awareness. In this study, adhesives and manicures were used as samples of indoor household goods and formaldehyde emission and tested over time under temperature conditions of 15oC, 25oC, 35oC, and 45oC. The small chamber method as the indoor air quality process test method was employed and used to evaluate the concentration of formaldehyde emissions. As a result, formaldehyde emissions gradually decreased over time in both tests using adhesives and manicures. The cumulative emission showed a logarithmic function over time, and the formaldehyde can be released for longer periods of time at lower temperature conditions. The logarithmic value and response time showed linear relationships, and it can be inferred that the formaldehyde was released from the sample through the first order reaction. Furthermore, the relationship between temperature and velocity constants which was determined using the Arenius linear equation showed that the reaction rate of formaldehyde can be estimated by a temperature change.

토종닭의 중요성은 대부분의 농업인 단체에서 자원이 부족한 농업인들을 위한 중요한 사업으로 인식되면서 수년에 걸쳐 증가하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 사업은 낮은 수익률과 비경제적인 문제에 직면 해 있다. 케냐 농축산 연구기구(KALRO) 의 이전 기구이었던 케냐 케냐농업연구기구(KARI)는 토종 닭의 생산성 향상을위한 연구에 앞장서 왔다. KARI의 개량 닭 사양관리 기술은 생산성 저하 문제를 줄이기 위한 연구를 수행 하였다. KALRO는 KOPIA 프로젝트를 통해 지난 5년 동안 Machakos와 Kiambu County의 두 모델 마을에서 기술 이전을 추진 하였다. 본 연구는 KARI의 개량 닭이 식량과 가구 소득에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 두 카운티 모두 입식률이 2008년 2%에서 증가했으며, 2016년 Machakos County의 시범마을 참여 농업인의 59%와 Kiambu 에서 39%가 입식 한 최고치를 기록하였다. 그러나 병아리 입식은 2017년에 감소하다 다시 2018년에 증가하기 시작하였다. 두 카운티에서 2018 년에 판매 된 계란의 수는 Kiambu카운티에 서 230% 증가하였고, Machakos카운티 시범마을에서는 한 달에 가장 높은 963% 증가를 기록하면서 크게 증가하였다. 이는 주로 연간 180~250개의 알을 낳는 KALRO 개량 닭의 도입에 기인하였다. 이것은 계란 생산과 판매로 식량 및 가구 소득 증가로 이어졌습니다. 이 결과는 KARI 개량 닭이 가정의 식량과 소득 안정에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤음을 보여주었다.

This study examined the effect of ultraviolet (UV) application on bacterial disinfection in a commercialized humidifier using ultrasonic wave (UW). To accurately examine disinfection kinetics in tap-water condition, tap-water was sterilized using a filter, and then inoculated with pure cultures of E. coli and P. putida with known viable counts. The disinfection kinetic characteristics were experimentally compared when UV alone, UW alone, and UW+UV together were applied in disinfecting the added bacteria in the commercialized humidifier. When UV alone was applied, bacterial disinfection kinetics followed a first-order decay reaction, and showed an approximately 10-time weaker disinfection compared to the typical UV disinfection in water treatment or wastewater treatment. When UW alone was applied, bacterial disinfection kinetics followed a second-order decay reaction with a low disinfection rate constant of 0.0002 min-1(CFU/mL)-1. When UV and UW were applied together, however and interestingly, the disinfection rate constant (0.0211 min-1(CFU/mL)-1) was approximately 100 times increased than that for the UW alone case. These results revealed that the co-use of UV and UW can provide synergistic effect on bacterial disinfection in a tap-water condition in household humidifiers.

This study compared the lifestyle patterns, dietary patterns, and health care practices of Korean middle-aged people by household type, and ultimately analyzed their relationship with different risk factors for the prevalence and severity of metabolic syndrome. We analyzed the data from 4,755 subjects who were from 40 to 64 years old, and gathered our sample from participants of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013 to 2015. Our results showed that single-person households had lower economic income levels, lower subjective health statuses, and higher levels of food instability than households with two or more individuals. The incidence of metabolic syndrome was 1.64 times higher in single-person households than in households with two or more individuals. After adjusting for potential confounding factors (sex, age, education, household income, smoking status, health status, and dietary factors), single-person households showed 1.75 times higher hypertriglyceridemia ORs than non-single-person households. In the conclusion of our study, we suggest that middle-aged people in single-person households may be at greater risk for metabolic syndrome and hypertriglyceridemia.

A liquid-phase exfoliation of few-layer graphene in tea is considered as one of the alternative approaches for the preparation of environment-friendly graphene. However, the removal of chemically adsorbed tea-polyphenols from graphene is known to be difficult and the application of centrifugation or filtration alone for the purification of graphene against tea-polyphenols is regarded to be almost technically impossible. Notably, a strategy for facile deoxygenation of tea-graphene must be established for a green and economical production of graphene to be realized. In this work, a simple purification method of graphene through the application of merely a household bleach ( Clorox®) after the pre-exfoliation in black tea has been proposed. It has been found that the carbon–oxygen (C/O) value for graphene increases from 2.7 to 8.1 while the values of C–OH, C–O–C and C=O region in the C1s spectrum of graphene decrease significantly after being purified in bleach for 5 h. The stretching and shift of C–OH, C=O and C–O–C at 3468 cm−1, 1637 cm−1 and 1008 cm−1 from IR spectrum of purified graphene seems to be in agreement with the produced data from the XPS and Raman spectroscopy. Despite the enhanced ID/IG of Raman from the hybridization of sp2 by hydroxylation, the deoxygenation of tea-graphene does not negatively affect the electrical performance since the sheet resistance was impressively reduced to 193 Ω from 2.1 kΩ. It is believed that this photo-Fenton-inspired purification strategy would assist in the washing issue of polyphenol-stabilized graphene for various future electronic applications.

This study examined the methods used in household doenjang (Korean soybean paste) production. Nine hundred fortythree responses were obtained using a nationwide, questionnaire-based survey (2018-2019) with non-probabilistic snowballing sampling. Consistent with previous studies, the respondents were primarily over the age of 50 years (97.1%) and female (97.9%). In addition to soybeans, the most used ingredients were red pepper (85.8%) and charcoal (85.5%), which most respondents obtained through direct farming (50.4-59.9%). Seasonal production occurred later in the higher latitude regions (Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do, Chungcheong-do) (p < 0.01), which have lower average temperatures, and the fermentation period was shorter in the lower latitude regions (Jeolla-do, Gyeongsang-do, Jeju-do) (p < 0.01), which have higher average temperatures. There were no significant regional differences in the season when doenjang was made, with most production occurring during January and February (81.1%). Most respondents (71.3%) made doenjang using homemade meju (soybean block used as a starter) in a traditional way to allow the microorganisms to be naturally inoculated. These results could be used as a basis for future research on topics such as starter development, standardized production, and safety of household doenjang.

중ㆍ한 문화교류는 이미 오랫동안 발전한 역사를 가지고 있으며 미래에도 계속 발전할 것이다. 더욱 인터넷 매체의 발전과 폭넓은 응용은 중ㆍ한 문화 교류에 새로운 특징을 드러내고 있다. 그리고 이러한 변화는 새로운 도전을 직면하고 있다. 이번 연구에서는 중ㆍ한 문화교류의 필요성과 함께 현황ㆍ 내용ㆍ형식 그리고 인터넷 매체에 의한 중ㆍ한 문화교류의 새로운 특징과 새로운 도전을 분석하였다. 예를 들면, 인터넷 매체에 의한 중ㆍ한 문화교류의 구체적인 경로를 제시하였다. 이는 중ㆍ한 문화교류의 장기적 발전을 위하며 아울러 이론적 기초를 수립하고자 함이다.

국내산 과일 및 과채류의 소비가 정체 내지는 감소하는 반면 수입과일의 소비는 지속적으로 증가하고 있는 상황에서, 본 연구는 소매단계에서 가구들의 계절별 주요 과일 및 과채류 수요를 분석하였다. 이 를 위해, 2010∼2017년 동안 농촌진흥청의 불균형 소비자 패널 자료를 이용하여 일반적인 준이상수요 체계(AIDS) 모형을 확장한 이차형 준이상수요체계(QUAIDS) 모형을 추정하여 계절별로 품목들의 가격 및 지출탄력성을 계측하였다. 분석 결과, 일반적으로 계절별, 품목별로 자체가격 탄력성과 교차가격 탄 력성의 절대값이 차이를 보였다. 봄철에는 사과와 완숙토마토, 오렌지와 바나나 등이, 여름철은 바나나 와 방울토마토, 사과, 참외와 완숙토마토 수박과 완숙토마토가, 가을철은 바나나와 방울토마토, 사과와 완숙토마토, 겨울에는 사과와 단감, 감귤과 완숙토마토, 포도, 오렌지 등이 강한 대체관계를 가지는 것 으로 분석되었다. 방울토마토는 가을과 겨울에, 포도는 봄과 겨울에 자체가격 탄력성이 매우 큰 것으로 나타난 반면, 방울토마토는 봄, 포도는 여름과 가을에 비탄력적인 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 여름철 제 철 품목인 수박, 복숭아, 포도는 자기가격탄력성이 비탄력적인 것으로 확인되었다.