This study improved the work efficiency by supplementing the shortcomings of the manual process by developing a double tube feeding device, and the following results were obtained by conducting the production capacity, production length, and defect rate tests. Developed a double tube production system to enable the simultaneous production of two tubes, increasing the production volume by about 1.5 times. The product length has been improved from semi-automatic to automated, and the production capacity has been improved from 16 to 25 pieces per hour (based on 15m). Developed a double-tube input straight line automatic adjustment feeder, which resulted in reducing the defect rate to less than 1%.

Background: Most non-pharmacological interventions for tension-type headache (TTH) focus on direct intervention in areas associated with headaches, with limited research exploring the indirect effects of interventions utilizing the fascia. Objectives: To investigate the effects of superficial back line (SBL) stretching and head-neck massage interventions on the range of motion (ROM) and neck disability index (NDI) of TTH. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The study participants were randomly allocated into three groups: SBL stretching group (n=9), head-neck massage group (n=9), and combined group (n=9). Prior to the intervention, measurements were taken for neck flexion ROM, straight leg raising test (SLRT) ROM, and NDI. The intervention consisted of 30-minute sessions conducted twice a week for 8 weeks. The second measurement took place 4 weeks after the intervention, followed by a third measurement conducted after an additional 4 weeks of intervention. Results: Comparing neck flexion ROM within each group, a significant increase was observed in the SBL stretching group after 8 weeks compared to before the intervention (P<.05). Regarding the comparison of SLRT ROM within each group, a significant increase was noted after 8 weeks compared to before the intervention in the SBL stretching, head-neck massage, and combined groups (P<.05). In terms of the comparison of NDI within each group, a significant decrease was observed in all three group after the intervention compared to before the intervention (P<.05). Conclusion: 8-week intervention involving SBL stretching, head-neck massage, and their combined application demonstrated effectiveness in improving neck flexion ROM, SLRT ROM, and the NDI for individuals with TTH.

Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a unique mitochondrial membranous protein expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT) in mammals. While its expression in response to cold temperatures and adipogenic inducers is well-characterized in mammals and human infants, the molecular characterization and expression of UCP1 in fish remain unexplored. To address this gap, we analyzed UCP1 expression in response to adipogenic inducers in a fish cell line, rainbow trout gonadal cells (RTG-2), and compared it with UCP1 expression in three mammalian preadipocytes, 3T3-L1, T37i, and WT1 exposed to the Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists, rosiglitazone (Rosi). In mammalian preadipocytes, UCP1 protein was highly expressed by Rosi, with an induction of adipogenesis observed in a time-dependent manner. This suggests that UCP1 plays a significant role in adipogenesis in mammals. However, RTG-2 cells showed no response to adipogenic inducers and exhibited only marginal expressions of UCP1. These results imply that RTG-2 cells may lack crucial responsive mechanisms to adipogenic signals or that the adipogenic response is regulated by other mechanisms. Further studies are needed to confirm these phenomena in fish preadipocytes when an appropriate cell line is established in future research.

Application areas of floating marine structure systems have been increased with the development of power generation systems using renewable energy. Hence it is necessary to analyze the behavior of these floating systems for efficient design and operation. In this study, a computational analysis was performed to predict the characteristics of mooring lines load variation connected to a floating marine structure with waves. Pressure on the floating body and mooring lines load were analyzed with wave direction and height. The floating body stability severely decreased for 90° of the wave incident direction, and maximum load of the mooring lines increased with the height. These results are expected to be applicable for optimal design of the marine floating system.

It has been a consensus among academic circles that the Ten-Line Edition of Da Guang Yi Hui Yu Pian from the Imperial House Library of Japan is “Song Dynasty carved and Yuan Dynasty revised”, but each scholar lacks a detailed judgment basis. The investigation of the broken line of the column frame and the engraving artist’s name as well as the proofreading with the same version system of Song version (remaining pages) from Kanazawa Bunko, can provide a partial basis for where is “Song carving” and where is “Yuan repair” in the Archives and Mausolea Department collection, and correct the mistakes made by predecessors in the judgment process. The vulgar character in the name of the engraving artist advanced the appearance of liu (刘) in paper documents to the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty.

To identify some significant phenotypic characteristics of maize(zea mays) seeds, we have obtained Red, Green, Blue(RGB) digital image data from 82 recombinant inbred lines. Based on the collected image data, their morphological and color data were analyzed, and seven significant parameters were selected, including area, perimeter, length, width, circularity, roundness, and surface texture. The extracted RGB data were converted into color hex codes to visualize the representative colors of the seeds. These visualized colors were categorized into six groups: gray, yellowish white, yellow, grayish orange, purple, and brown. The results of maize seed phenotypic analysis using the RGB digital images in this study will serve as a useful tool for constructing a database of seed phenotyping database and establishing a standardized classification system.

In this study, based on an analysis of two DNA barcode markers (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and cytochrome b genes), we performed species identification and monitored labeling compliance for 50 commercial pufferfish products sold in on-line markets in Korea. Using these barcode sequences as a query for species identification and phylogenetic analysis, we screened the GenBank database. A total of seven pufferfish species (Takifugu chinensis, T. pseudommus, T. xanthopterus, T. alboplumbeus, T. porphyreus, T. vermicularis, and Lagocephalus cheesemanii) were identified and we detected 35 products (70%) that were non-compliant with the corresponding label information. Moreover, the labels on 12 commercial products contained only the general common name (i.e., pufferfish), although not the scientific or Korean names for the 21 edible pufferfish species. Furthermore, the proportion of mislabeled highly processed products (n = 9, 81.8%) was higher than that of simply processed products (n = 26, 66.7%). With respect to the country of origin, the percentage of mislabeled Chinese products (n = 8, 80%) was higher than that of Korean products (n = 26, 66.7%). In addition, the market and dialect names of different pufferfish species were labeled only as Jolbok or Milbok, whereas two non-edible pufferfish species (T. vermicularis and T. pseudommus) were used in six commercial pufferfish products described as JolboK and Gumbok on their labels, which could be attributable to the complex classification system used for pufferfish. These monitoring results highlight the necessity to develop genetic methods that can be used to identify the 21 edible pufferfish species, as well as the need for regulatory monitoring of commercial pufferfish products.

This study aimed to suggest a suitable collar pattern by visually evaluating the appearance of the amount of collar drape by the starting position of the lapel line of a double-breasted tailored jacket using a 3d virtual fitting program. It created an avatar based on the mean size of women in their 20s (the 8th Size Korea) using clo network (double fastening: 10cm, collar width: 4.5cm, collar stand: 3cm, and lapel width: 8.5cm). The starting of the lapel twist line was waistline level, the 1/2 level of bustline and waistline, or bustline level, and collar laying amount was 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, or 7.5cm. It was evaluated by garment construction experts using 5, 6, and 4 items on the front, sides, and back, respectively. Descriptive statistics, F-test, Duncantest, and reliability analysis were conducted using SPSS 22. When collar laying amount was 6.5cm, it was best rated regardless of the starting point. Under waist line, when collar laying amount was 6.5cm, it was best rated regardless of the starting point. When collar laying amount was large, the collar’s outline length increased, resulting in unnecessary wrinkles from the neckline to the lapel, affecting the overall collar appearance. When collar laying amount was the smallest, the collar was lifted and the width was narrowed, exposing the seam connecting the collar and neckline. The length of the collar’s outline varied depending on collar laying amount, which was important to make the outline sit comfortably on the body.

The rational evaluation of carbon-based conductive ink performance is critical to both industrial production and applications. Herein, a model to evaluate writing performance of conductive ink by line resistance was proposed by investigating possible relations among different parameters and establishing relevant model to estimate ink writing performance. Bulk conductive inks were prepared and characterized to provide samples for model. To improve the precision of model, the impact of external factors including writing speed and angle was studied. Nonlinear regression and back propagation artificial neural network were employed to estimate line resistance, and cross check validation was conducted to prove robustness and precision of model. Most importantly, the investigation will open up a new path for the exploration of other carbon-based handwritten electronic devices.

본 연구는 생산 가능인구의 세대별 스포츠 용품 온라인 소비성향을 탐색하고, 스포츠 4.0 시장 의 온라인 소비자를 세분화하여 미래의 소비 시장을 예측하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 했다. 따라서 생산 가능인구의 세대별 집단(Y세대 이상, Z세대) 중 스포츠 용품을 소비한 경험자를 대상으로 본 조사를 실시했으며, 총 478명의 자료를 최종 분석에 적용했다. 자료처리는 SPSS statistics(ver. 21.0)으로 빈도분 석, 탐색적 요인분석, 재검사 신뢰도의 상관관계 분석, 신뢰도 분석, 의사결정 나무 분석을 실시했다. 생산 가능인구의 세대별에 따른 스포츠 용품 온라인 소비성향 탐색결과, 여유, 즐거움, 자아 상징, 가격 요인이 높을 경우와 자아 상징, 기능, 환경 친화 요인이 낮을 경우 Z세대 집단으로 분류될 확률이 크게 나타났으 며, 여유 요인이 낮고, 자아 상징 요인이 높을 경우와 즐거운 요인이 낮고, 연대적 소비 요인이 높을 경우 Y세대 이상 집단으로 분류될 확률이 크게 나타났다. 또한 이와 같은 모형의 분류 정확도는 69.7%로 나타 났다.

We investigate the diffusion process of Thomson-scattered line photons in both real space and frequency space through a Monte Carlo approach. The emission source is assumed to be monochromatic and point-like embedded at the center of a free electron region in the form of a sphere and a slab. In the case of a spherical region, the line profiles emergent at a location of Thomson optical depth τTh from the source exhibit the full width of the half maximum σλ ≃ τ 1.5 Th . In the slab case, we focus on the polarization behavior where the polarization direction flips from the normal direction of the slab to the parallel as the slab optical depth τTh increases from τTh ≪ 1 to τTh ≫ 1. We propose that the polarization flip to the parallel direction to the slab surface in optically thick slabs is attributed to the robustness of the Stokes parameter Q along the vertical axis with respect to the observer’s line of sight whereas randomization dominates the remaining region as τTh increases. A brief discussion on the importance of our study is presented.

A theoretical model has been studied to describe the sound radiation analysis for a railway under the action of harmonic moving line point forces. When a railway is analyzed, it had been modeled as curved beams with distributed springs and dash-pots that represent the radial, tangential stiffness and damping of rail, respectively. The reaction due to fluid loading on the vibratory response of the curved beam is taken into account. The curved beam is assumed to occupy the plane y=0 and to be axially infinite. The curved beam material and elastic foundation are assumed to be lossless Bernoulli-Euler beam theory including a tension force(T), damping coefficient(C) and stiffness of foundation(κ2) will be employed. The expression for sound power is integrated numerically and the results examined as a function of Mach number(M), wave-number ratio(γ) and stiffness factor(ψ).

대만은 현재 ‘12년 기초 교육과정(十二年國教108課綱)’을 시행하고 있다. 교사는 교육과정에 드러나는 ‘素养’ 정신을 주요 과목 및 학제 간 과목의 교재와 교수법을 결합하여 적극적으로 교육한다. 이를 통해 학생들이 평생 사용할 수 있는 생활 능력을 습득하기를 희망하고 있다. 학생들은 스스로 생활에서 발생하는 문제를 해결할 수 있을 뿐 아니라 미학과 문화 트렌드의 결합을 통해 감상 능력을 키우고 지혜로운 눈으로 직접 삶의 아름다움을 발견할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 현재라는 시공간과 앞서 언급한 궁극적 목표를 바탕으로 현장연구(Action Research) 방법을 사용하였다. 주로 중점을 둔 문제는 다음과 같다. 7,8학년 학생들이 六書 가운데 하나인 ‘會議’字를 학습하는 과정에서 ‘눈’으로 관찰, 손으로 ‘쓰기’ 등의 전통적인 학습 방법 이외, 흥미롭고 다원적인 실제 운용 가능한 학습 방법이 존재하는가? 학생들은 이러한 수업에서 어떤 능력을 습득할 수 있는가? 교사는 수업을 통해 교수법에 대한 어떠한 피드백과 공감을 얻을 수 있는가? 대만 교육부의 ‘현장연구’ 지침에 따르면, 현장연구의 목적은 이론의 발전과 연구 결과의 범용적 응용을 강조하지 않고, 특정한 시간, 장소, 상황에서의 발생하는 문제 상황에 초점을 둔다. 관련 교육 이론과 결합된 일종의 설계연구로, 행동연구 과정에는 대략 다음과 같은 몇 가지 절차가 포함된다. (1) 문제 정의 혹은 목표 설정 (2) 문헌 조사를 통한 유사 사례 유무확인 혹은 유관 목표 달성 여부의 이해 (3) 실험 가능한 가설의 설정 혹은 탐구 방안 설계 (4) 연구 환경 조성 및 절차와 조건의 명확한 기술 (5) 평가 기준, 평가 기술의 확립 및 효과적인 피드백을 얻을 수 있는 기타 도구 및 수단 준비 (6) 자료 분석 및 결과 평가 본 논문은 중국어 국문 교과서에 수록된 대만 작가 우원정(宇文正)의 「춘련 사기(买春联)」 텍스트를 활용하여 필자가 7, 8학년 학생 대상으로 진행한 회의자 수업을 기초로 한다. 학생들은 춘절에 손으로 춘련(春联) 쓰는 법을 이해하고, 전통 종이공예법을 활용하여 ‘春’이라는 글자를 오린다. 그리고 四方春이라는 창문 장식용 종이공예(窗花剪紙)를 만든다. 또한 회의자의 ‘同體 會議 구조’를 통해 대칭적이고 규칙적인 모양과 흥미로운 종이공예 패턴까지도 만들어 낼 수 있다. 학생들은 단어를 익히는 것 외에도 두 손을 사용함으로 시각 및 촉각을 자극하여 미적 감각을 향상시키고, 더 나아가 생명의 아름다음도 감상할 수 있게 된다.

Giant pacific octopus, Enteroctopus dofleini, is a large mollusk distributed in the East Sea of Korea. In this study, the catch status of giant pacific octopus by drift line fishery and the effect of sea temperature on fishing ground were investigated in Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, which is the central coast of the East Sea. The average catch of giant pacific octopus in Gangwon-do was 1,570 tons over the past ten years, and it accounted for 21% in 2008 and 44% in 2021 compared to the total catch in the East Sea during the same period. Such data indicates that the catch in Gangwon-do has recently increased. In this study area, giant pacific octopus weighing 1.1-5.0 kg dominated accounting for 56% of the total individuals, and followed by those weighing 1 kg or less. However, the ratio of catch of giant pacific octopus over 5.1 kg tended to increase in 2021, which is thought to be related to the sea temperature that affected the fishing ground. The main depth of fishing ground was from 21 m to 50 m in this area and fishing grounds were widely distributed throughout the season except summer. Fishing ground was formed with the conditions of bottom sea temperature under 10℃ and was diminished by moving of giant pacific octopus to deeper depth with conditions of bottom sea temperature over 18℃.