This study aimed to compare energy nutrient intake, health related factors, physical characteristics, blood biochemical indices, prevalence of metabolic syndrome and odds ratio (OR) of metabolic syndrome based on dietary fat energy ratio. Subjects were 1,205 men aged 40~64 years. The average fat intake was 52.8 g. Subjects were divided into three groups (deficient, normal, excess) based on dietary fat energy ratio. The dietary fat energy rations of the three groups were 36.9%, 42.9% and 20.2%, respectively. Energy and protein intake were increased significantly with dietary fat energy ratio (p<0.001), whereas carbohydrate intake decreased (p<0.001). In health related factors, amount of smoking alone showed increase based on dietary fat energy ratio (p<0.001). In comparing physical characteristics, blood pressure and blood biochemical indices, excepting diastolic blood pressure, increased significantly based on dietary fat energy ratio (p<0.01~p<0.001). The rate that exceeded criteria in risk factors for metabolic syndrome was higher in the serum triglyceride (41.2%) and was lower in the waist circumference (22.2%). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 37.9%, and showed significant correlation to dietary fat energy ratio (p<0.05). The OR of metabolic syndrome was higher in deficient and excess group than in normal group, but it had no relationship between fat energy ratio and metabolic syndrome. The results of this study provide basic data to establish fat intake guidelines for prevention of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged men.

시대가 급속히 변화함에 따라 남성의 라이프 스타일, 개성, 가치관 등이 다양하며 과거에 비해 남성복에 대한 기호도 변하였을 뿐만 아니라 또 남성복 시장이 증대되었고 전에 없던 새로운 스타일이 많이 등장하였으나 활발한 여성복 감성 연구와 달리 남성복의 스타일에 따른 감성 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 이에 20대 남성들이 주로 착용하는 스타일을 7가지 대표 자극물로 선정하고 자극물로 제시하여 각 스타일에 대한 소비자의 감성을 조사하였다. 스타일 1 (정장), 스타일 2 (라이더재킷+스키니 팬츠), 스타일 3 (블루종+스트레이트 팬츠), 스타일 4 (박시한 가디건+하프 팬츠), 스타일 5 (야전상의+스트레이트 팬츠), 스타일 6 (루즈핏 재킷+스키니 팬츠), 스타일 7 (야구점퍼+스트레이트 팬츠) 등 남성복 스타일에 따른 감성의 차이를 조사하였으며 성별에 따른 남성복에 대한 관심과 지식정도 차이를 비교하였고 남성복의 선호와 실제착용 간에 차이가 있는지 분석하였고 라이프 스타일 유형에 따른 선호하는 스타일을 측정하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 남성복은 다양하고 세분화되었고 남성복에 대한 관심과 지식은 남성이 여성보다 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 남성복에 대한 감성은 스타일에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었지만 이는 성별에 따라 다르지 않았다. 셋째, 20대가 가장 선호하는 선호스타일과 실제로 즐겨 입는 착장스타일 간에는 차이가 존재하였는데, 일치하는 비율은 66.1% 이었고, 불일치하는 경우는 33.9% 이였다. 선호도와 실제 착용도가 가장 높은 것은 스타일 3 이었으며, 가장 선호되지 않고 착용되지 않는 것은 스타일 5 이었다. 넷째, 내향적보다 외향적 라이프 스타일을 지닐수록 더 다양한 스타일에 대하여 선호도를 나타내었다.

This paper examines the transition of the Hungarian men’s costume. Transition of the Hungarian men’s costume can be divided into pre-eighteenth century, eighteenth century, and since the nineteenth century. Hungarian costume was derived from the Magyar who settled in Hungary in the ninth century. Hungry had begun to accept Western culture in the tenth century, so when the prototype of Hungarian costume was completed, it consisted of Dolman, Mente, pants, and boots combining traditional Magyar style with Western European style. In particular, Dolman shows the uniqueness of the Hungarian men’s costume; it has a high, stand-up collar in the back center, closes on the left, has a right front plate with a diagonal cut at the waist, and a wide front closure. In the eighteenth century, Hungarian men’s costumes played an important role in displaying national pride while living under the oppression of the Habsburg Empire. In particular, Dolman was worn as a uniform at the battle of independence (1703~1710). This dress of male courtiers became the distinctive style of the eighteenth century and then became the basic style of men’s costumes. Since the nineteenth century, Hungarian men’s costumes have acted as an means to promote the national consciousness of Hungary through the Citizen Revolution (1848), the War of Independence (1849), and the formation of the Dual Empire (1867). Looking at evolution of the Hungarian men’s dress style, it reveals that resistance and struggles against other nations, a history of aggression, and living under oppressed are factors that impact on important clothing transitions.

The purpose of this study is to supply available data for men's fashion design planning by analyzing the trend and design tendency of the preppy look in the domestic men's collection. In the men's collection of Seoul fashion week from 2011 S/S to 2015 S/S, 494 photos judged to be the preppy look by three design specialists were chosen in Seoul fashion week and style.com’s web-site. Design analyses were compiled based on year, season, brands, item, color, material, and silhouette. The preppy look was found often in S/S season, three piece combinations were the most common, and “H”, “I” silhouettes were also popular. Refined black and refreshing orange were used with traditional preppy colors like navy, beige, gray, and white. Contrast color arrangement and neutral, moderate tones were seen repeatedly. Two-thirds of fabrics were pattern-less with clean, bulky, and soft textures. Coordinating accessories like hats, backpacks, books, headsets were used frequently. Among the various preppy fashion types, there were ‘traditional preppy’ faithful to tradition, ‘sophisticated preppy’ with refined semi-formal look, ‘sportive preppy’ with active sports sense, and ‘natural preppy’ with natural and comfortable senses. In a contemporary preppy look, traditional and practical senses are combined with casual and sportive pieces. This study can provide the data for design planning, interpreting, and applying the fashion themes along with contemporary sensibilities since the preppy look is based on cultural history.

The present study analyzed data from the 3D measurement of the feet of men aged over 20 years residing in the capital region as part of the 6th Anthropometry of Size Korea. To analyze the characteristics of the foot shapes of young men aged 20~39 years and middle-aged/elderly men aged 40~69 years by age and by type, a cluster analysis was conducted using the factors derived through the factor analysis as independent variables. The results of the study that analyzed the characteristics of foot shapes by type according to differences in age were as follows. First, through the analysis of the characteristics of the foot shapes of young men by type, five factors were extracted, and the foot shapes were classified into three types: Type 1 (short and flat), Type 2 (thick), and Type 3 (long and wide). Second, through the analysis of the characteristics of the foot shapes of middle-aged/elderly men by type, six factors were extracted, and the foot shapes were classified into four types: Type 1 (short and regular), Type 2 (flat), Type 3 (thick), and Type 4 (long and regular). The results of the present study are expected to serve as basic data for the design of shoes by age and foot type.

This study aims to suggest the proper ease for slim-fit jackets according to the number of buttons from a one-button jacket to four-button jackets for men in their 30’s. The researchers carried out both an appearance evaluation and movement functionality evaluation. The results are as follows: When conducting the appearance evaluations, meaningful differences were found. The one-button jacket showed high scores for the 7.5 cm ease. The two-button jacket and the three-button jacket showed high scores for the 10.5 cm ease. The four-button jacket showed a high score for the 13.5 cm ease. Next, the results of the movement functionality evaluation showed the same trend; as the ease was increased from 7.5 cm to 13.5 cm, the scores increased. This is because if the garments offer more ease, this gives room for actions. Additionally, it showed that if there were fewer jacket buttons, then the results showed a high score. The researchers believe that if the number of jacket buttons is lower, then the area of the V-zone increases, so that there is more room for movement. The study suggests a proper chest ease of 7.5 cm for the one-button jacket, 10.5 cm for the two-button jacket and three-button jacket, and 13.5 cm for the four-button jacket, respectively.

Seniors have more economic power, leisure time and better health compared with the past; in addition, there with increased social activity opportunities that allow for active and independent consumption activities based on their economic independence. Therefore, the silver industry for elderly consumers is buoyant in the development of product planning and marketing strategies that target seniors. It is necessary to know the exact characteristics of advanced age along with feet studies that provide basic information on the shape of shoes; however, there are few studies on elderly men's feet. This study develops a shoe sizing system for elderly men based on previous studies which analyzed the aspects of sole shape for individuals aged 60 or over. The distribution on KS G 3405 (2001) was examined and basic items were selected based on a correlation analysis of items related to foot shape. The measurement interval was based on KS and cross analysis was conducted for basic items to select an interval which indicated a frequency of more than 5% by type with a measurement system established by type. The results of the study are as follow. A sizing system was developed with an interval of 5 mm for foot length, an interval of 3 mm for the circumference of the top of the foot and an interval of 6 mm for the circumference of the top of the foot within the same foot length standard to develop a shoe sizing system for elderly men. The respective sizing systems in accordance with type were developed and 12 types of sizing systems were suggested for elderly men to reflect characteristics by type. The differences in sizing system were compared by combining sizing systems by type of sole for elderly men. Type H consists of the greatest number of foot length sections using 7 sections of foot length at 235-265 mm, Type A consists of 6 sections of foot length at 240-265 mm and Type V and D consist of 6 sections of foot length at 235-260 mm. The circumference of the top of the foot has 7 sections from C to F; Type H and A consist of C-EEEE and Type V consists of 6 sections of D-F, and Type D consists of 5 sections of D-EEEE. Type H and A include the sections of small circumference of the top of the foot; however, Type V includes the sections of large circumference of the top of the foot and Type D includes the section of small foot length and a large circumference that indicated differences between type. Type H, subtype 1 (the frontal part of the foot is high and the central part of the foot is low) and 2 (the frontal part of the foot is low and the central part of the foot is high) shows the distribution of size appellation in the sections of C-D where the circumference of the top of the foot is smaller than subtype 3 (the frontal part of the foot is low and the central part of the foot is low) that indicated that the size table is suggested with the reflection of size appellation only for Type H of small width and large height. Appellations are classified in accordance with 3-dimensional type in the section less than 240 mm of foot length. Type V show the same distribution of the appellation (including the section of D-EEE) for all the three types, except for a part of the section of 260 mm. The size appellations of subtypes 2 and 3 are distributed in section F, which indicates the formative characteristics of the foot with a large width or height. Type A has differences in appellation distribution between 3-dimensional types; subtype 2 is distributed in the small circumference section and indicates that Type A has the foot shape with a small width and high height. The distribution of size appellation of subtypes 3 and 1 with the section of large circumference suggests that subtype 3 of Type A (the foot shape with the largest width) has no large foot length and subtype 1 has a large foot length. Type D has differences in appellation among three subtypes, but all of them are included in subtype 1 and suggests that the subtype 1 sizing system can be used. The results indicate that a shoe sizing system for elderly men by foot type could improve the suitability of shoes and provide a wider range of size and satisfaction that helps shoe makers produce shoes of various purpose and function for seniors.

Introduction 5 working days a week and wellness trends, that allows more consumers to actively enjoy outdoor activities, has led to a rapid growth in the outdoor clothing market. Buyers of outdoor clothing perceive them as causal and functional clothes that they can wear comfortably in daily life as well as for outdoor activities such as hiking and fishing (Park et al., 2002). There is an increased interest in outdoor activities by seniors who engage in various hobbies for health. Active seniors are energetic retirees who actively enjoy their retirement. They have emerged as a new consumer group in the inactive culture market (such as travel and the performing arts) due to their enjoyment of activities (such as language study, computer education, cosmetic/beauty treatments and sports) that is different from previous generations of older people (Korean Economic glossary, 2014). The most striking characteristic of active seniors is their generous investment in self-development based on secure assets and retirement income. Many studies have been done on senior citizens based on age that have examined body types (Ahn, 2003; Kim, 1995; Lee & Kim, 2007) and original clothing forms (Lee, 2003; Nam & Choi, 2002; Moon, 2008). However, these studies did not fully reflect the needs of active seniors interested in clothing. Additionally, most studies were conducted on female seniors with few studies on male seniors. It is necessary to accept and understand changes in the body types and physical functions of seniors body types and physical functions that accompany age and changing aesthetic sense with styles that are differentiated from existing elderly groups in regards to clothing for active seniors. A study on older men's body classification (Kim & Lee, 2003) indicated that the characteristics of older men's body types were not fully considered because a clothing sizing system was not separately established for older people. Most outdoor clothing companies produced patterns for a young generation. This study was conducted on the outdoor jacket wearing pattern of active male seniors. The results of this study can be used to design outdoor jackets that are produced at a reasonable price with a wearable function useful for outdoor activities and daily life.

The authors of this research show that gender plays a role in whether public star ratings of branded content films (e.g., ratings on Rotten Tomatoes) and increased awareness of surroundings differentially affect movie viewers’ willingness to spread word-of-mouth about films. For men, no matter whether they have high or low awareness of surroundings, a higher versus lower star rating uniformly enhances the likelihood they will recommend the film to others. In contrast, for women, momentarily heightened awareness of their surroundings enhances (diminishes) the likelihood of recommending the higher (lower) star-rated film. If women have low awareness of their surroundings, however, the differences do not emerge.

초기 예이츠 시의 특징 중의 하나는 자연세계와 초자연 세계와의 관계를 심도 있게 다루고 있다는 것이다. 그러나 우리는 예이츠가 성장하면서 초자연세계의 탐닉으로부터 점차 벗어나고자 하는 시인의 모습을 보게 된다. 『책임』의 서시 『회색바위』를 통해서 예이츠가 이전에 갖고 있던 초자연 세계에 대한 동경의 자세가 부정적인 측면이 가미된 애증의 자세로 바뀌게 된다. 이 시에서 시인은 한편으로는 초자연 세력인 뮤즈에서 신념을 받치고 있노라고 강조하지만 그 뮤즈가 속한 신의 집단에게는 전과는 다르게 부정적으로 묘사한다. 세상너머 세력 즉 신비의 세계에 대해 애증을 함께 갖는 이중적인 태도를 지니고 있다는 것이다. 신에 대한 달라진 태도는 사실 이 시가 실린 시집 『책임』의 전체적인 내용에서도 확인이 되는데 신비의 세계를 많이 다루었던 이전 시집들과는 다르게 여기에서는 대부분 사회적인 이슈들을 더 많이 다루고 있다는 점이다. 그러나 이 서시의 아이러니는 자신이 의심의 눈초리를 보내고 있는 바로 그 신의 세계에 의지하고 있는 시인의 모습이다.

In the era of 2.0 web, blog has become the media that men can express themselves with fashion more actively and independently, as paying much attention to their personal appearance and cultivating an upscale lifestyle. They often create their fashion images in the virtual space where enables a free and creative operations of self-expression. The study aims to identify the types of men's ego-images represented on the personal fashion blogs based on the framework of analysis from the previous research (Suh, 2014), to build the base data for analyzing men's fashion style in 21st21st century that reflects changes in men's sexual images, and to verify the framework as comparing with the previous case study about the women blogs (Suh, 2014). The case studies conducted 5 men's personal blogs such as bryanboy, iamgala, little fashionisto, katelovesme, and stylentonic. The study results almost same types of women's ego-images as following. The imaginary ego-image is classified as narcissism, regression, identification, and virtuality, the social ego-image as symbolism of roles and others'desire, the real ego as primary instinct, practical reality, object a, jouissance and sexual perversion. The personal style of men shown on the fashion blogs appears as a significant factor to analyze male customers in the growing men's beauty and fashion market.

This study aims to compare the ease of men's slim pants patterns, and to analyze the fit and appearance through the 3D virtual garment system. The study selected four educational materials and one industrial pattern of slim pants for a total of five items. The CLO 3D Modelist program was utilized to carry out the appearance evaluation through virtual wearing and opacity, and a comparison was performed regarding the clothing pressure when the virtual model was standing and walking. The results of our comparison of the patternmaking for slim pants showed that pattern C pants had the greatest ease on the waist circumference, while B pants showed no ease. The C and E pants also had the most ease on the hip measurement. In the appearance evaluation, A pants received the most favorable results, followed by D, E, B, and C, in descending order. The clothing pressure appeared to be mainly red on the waist, crotch, and hem when standing in all pants, so the clothing pressure was high. While walking, the stress appeared to be different for the left and right parts of the body, and the most significant difference was observed on the thigh area.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating patterns, nutrient intakes, blood levels, and health status of male college students in Seoul according to body mass index (BMI). In this study, we classified subjects into normal weight (n=240), under weight (n=11), and obese (n=46) groups according to BMI. The weight and BMI were significantly higher in the obese group compared to other groups (p<0.0001). The obesity was associated with overeating and frequent eating. The under weight group showed significantly higher consumption of fast food, snacks, and fried foods compared to the other groups (p<0.05). The intakes of milk, meat, fish, eggs, and fried food and preference ratios were higher in the obese group (p<0.05). The male college students in this study showed insufficient intakes of calories, vitamin C, folic acid, and calcium. The plasma LDL-cholesterol levels in the obese group were higher compared to the other groups. In conclusion, intake of nutrients among male college students is found to be insufficient and requires nutritional education. The under weight group showed regular eating habits and increased nutrient intake. The obese group was shown to need more exercise with higher intakes of vegetables and fruits.

This study aims to compare the ease of shirt patterns in the men's wear market that have been constantly developing, and to analyze the fitness and appearance through the 3D virtual try-on system. The study selected three industrial patterns and two educational materials of classic-fit and slim-fit shirts for a total of ten items. The experiments involved virtual wearing, a stress contact point perspective map, and appearance evaluations. First, the ease differed significantly in the chest, waist, and sleeve cap height according to the patterns. Second, based on the stress, contact point, and transparency, there was ease in the order of Nam, D-brand, J-brand, Park, and S-brand in the classic-fit shirts while the order of D-brand, Nam, J-brand, Park, and S-brand resulted in the slim-fit shirts. Third, in the appearance evaluation, higher points resulted in the order of J-brand, Park, S-brand, D-brand, and Nam in both classic-fit and slim-fit. The results showed that proper ease differs greatly by shirt-fit and target age. Also, the shirts with more ease tended to be evaluated less favorably in the appearance evaluation. Based on the results, the study suggests that the proper ease in chest circumference is 18cm for the classic-fit shirts and 6 cm for the slim-fit shirts.

한국은 한류를 문화콘텐츠로 이용해 왔다. 한국은 한국의 신화역사 로 또 다른 문화콘텐츠를 시도할 수 있다. 신화역사는 고대사 책에서 천왕 건국자의 역사이다. 한국은 고조선의 계승자이다. 북한은 고조선 의 계승으로 수도 평양에 단군릉을 개각하였다. 남한은 수도 서울에 고조선을 계승하는 문화가 없다. 남한도 수도 서울에 고조선을 계승 하는 문화상징물을 필요로 한다. 연구 방법은 한국의 신화역사를 자 기 준거의 해석 패러다임과 상호 의존 해석법으로 분석하여 한국고대 사 원형을 추구한다. 한국의 신화역사에는 고조선의 문화가 있다. 고 조선의 문화는 왕국 수도, 핵심 성산, 그리고 신선문화가 있다. 대한 민국에도 수도 서울, 백악산, 그리고 신선문화이라는 세 가지 조건을 구비한 곳이 있다. 수도 서울의 백악산, 백석동천이다. 수도 서울의 백악산 백석동천을 중심으로 한국의 신화역사를 대변하는 12신상 중 심의 상징물을 만들고 신선문화를 계승하는 축제를 만들 수 있다.

이 연구는 관객과 용이한 소통을 하고자 전통춤을 재창작한 <3인 정읍설장고춤>의 작품분석 을 통하여 전통춤의 재창조방안을 모색하고자 하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 본 연구의 작품분석 연구를 위한 연구 방법은 문헌연구와 인터뷰 및 전문가 회의를 통한 다 각도 분석방법으로 이루어졌다. 작품분석을 위해서는 <3인 정읍설장고춤>을 하나의 텍스트로 보고 이 텍스트를 구성하는 동작·음악·의상 등의 코텍스트(co-text)와 맥락·안무자와 안무의도 등의 컨텍스트(context)등을 밝히고 이러한 텍스트들의 내외적인 상호교차 속에서 작품을 해석하 는 방법인 상호텍스트성(intertextuality) 이론을 기반으로 하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 상호텍스트성에 의한 작품분석을 한 결과 도출된 특징은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기존의 가락중심의 설장고에 스토리텔링 기법을 도입하였다. 둘째, 스토리텔 링의 방식은 해학적 표현을 기반으로 한다. 셋째, 스토리텔링의 해학적 표현은 동선·제스츄어·움직임·의상의 변용과 확대 그리고 현대적 해석을 통해 표출된다. 넷째, 위의 세 가지 요소는 신명성을 배가시켜 동시대적 신명으로의 전환을 창출하였다. 위와 같은 특징은 관객과의 소통을 원활하게 하는 요소로 작용하여 재미있고 대중성을 확보한 작품이라는 평가를 받을 수 있게 하였다. 이러한 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 종합해 보면, 본 연구는 전통춤의 추상성을 극복 하고 전통춤의 박제화를 지양하는 동시에 동시대의 관객과 소통을 위한 한국 전통춤의 재창조 방안을 구체적으로 제시하였다는 점에서 그 의의를 지닌다.

본 연구는 남성셔츠 소재의 선염 줄무늬 특성에 따른 시각적 감성 이미지의 차원을 알아보고 소비자들의 감성을 만족시키는 남성셔츠 소재용 줄무늬 디자인 개발을 위한 기초정보를 얻고자 하는 것이다. 본 연구 결과 남성셔츠 줄무늬 감성은 매력성, 성숙성, 품위성, 실용성, 단순성의 5가지 차원으로 구분되었다. 남성셔츠 소재 줄무늬의 특성이 감성 차원 및 선호도와 구매 욕구에 밀접한 관계가 있었다. 색상, 배열, 간격 등 줄무늬의 특성이 남성셔츠 소재의 시각적 감성에 유의한 영향을 미치고 두 가지 두께의 부등간격 줄무늬 조합이 매력성, 실용성이 높기 때문에 선호된다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 대조되는 복합색의 줄무늬가 매력성이 높으므로 선호되는 것으로 나타났다.

This study investigated the effects of axillary crutch length on trunk muscle activity and lumbo-pelvic-hip complex movements during crutch gait. Eleven healthy men participated in this study. The participants performed a three-point gait with optimal, shorter, and longer crutch lengths. Weight-bearing (WB) side was determined as the dominant leg side. The electromyography (EMG) activity of the bilateral rectus abdominis (RA) and erector spinae (ES) muscles and lumbo-pelvic-hip complex movements were monitored using a three-dimensional motion system with wireless surface EMG. Differences in the EMG activity of RA and ES muscles and range of motion (ROM) of lumbar spine, pelvis, and hip among conditions were analyzed using one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance, and a Bonferroni correction was conducted. There was less RA muscle activity on the WB side under the optimal crutch length condition compared with shorter and longer crutch length conditions (p<.05). The EMG activity of the RA muscle on the non-WB side and ES muscle on the WB side were significantly decreased under the optimal crutch length condition compared with shorter crutch length condition (p<.05). No significant differences in the EMG activity of the ES muscle on the non-WB side and ROM of lumbo-pelvic-hip complex were found among conditions (p>.05). These findings indicate that the optimal crutch length improves the trunk muscle efficiency during crutch gait.