This research was designed to illuminate that the participation of students in physical education classes have the positive impact on the mental aspects by analyzing how the participation attitude has influence on physical self-concept. The objects of thi

The purpose of the study is to provide base data to the teachers, who are to manage the intramural sports clubs effectively, by examining the relationship between the motivations and the preferences of the middle school students in participating in the sc

This study was to use the 3D visual device and surface reaction device for 6 male middle school gymnastics players and 6 plain students and analyze the factors to execute stable handspring and provide a guideline to teach male middle school students to ex

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of genre-based in-class L2 writing instruction on Korean middle school students' writing ability and their perception change toward L2 writi ng. The research was conducted with 595 middle school students in the third grade from two co-ed schools in Gwangju Metropolitan City, Korea. Five sessions of writing instruction using a dialY genre over five weeks were provided to an experimental group, while no explicit writing instruction was provided to a control group. The experimental group was exposed to 13 writing sample texts, analyzed and identified the characteri stics of the target genre, and then constructed a diaty text in collaboration with their peers. Following the treatment, both groups were required to write a diaty ently in 40 minutes atld the students' writings were rated on content, organization, and language use. The results showed that only the experimental group, provided with explicit genre-based L2 writing instl·uction, showed statistically significant improvement in each categOlY in the post-test. In addition, a set of questionnaires and interview data revealed that the participants' attitudes and perceptions toward L2 writing were positively affected.

In this study, a survey was carried out on 208 students at middle schools in Gyeonggi-do through May 1 to July 20, 2011, with the purpose of figuring out how eating attitudes of middle school students affect their psychological achievement and self control. The results were as follows. First, the effect of eating attitudes on the psychological achievement of middle school students demonstrated that regular dietary life, dietary life and health had a statistically significant positive effect on psychological achievement. Second, the effect of eating attitudes on self control in middle school students showed that balanced dietary life, dietary life and health had a statistically significant positive effect on self control. The above findings confirmed that regular and healthy dietary life connected directly with health, which was a factor that makes them think positively about psychological achievement. Besides, for eating self control, as balanced dietary life in eating attitudes was important. And as this had a positive effect on their self control, could improve their eating attitudes. Consequently, the regular eating attitudes and balanced dietary life in eating attitudes of middle school students can make their psychological achievement and eating self control for the nutrition and health care.

Thi s study investigated, using think-aloud protocol, what L2 learners focus on, notice and uptake in a series of English writing task and how this cognitive process is affected by their English proficiency. Nine Korean middle school students were engaged in a three-stage writing task, which consisted of the compos ing stage, the stage of comparing their own text with a reformulated version, and the revising stage. During the first two stages, the students were asked to think out loud in Korean. The results show that in the composing stage the high level students tended to focus on grammatical forms while the low level groups more concentrated on lexical items. When reformulations were provided, the students well noticed the diffe rences between their original texts and the reformulated ones but a majority of their noticing remained simple noticing without a proper reason or ended up with wrong inferences. Thi s overall shallow and incorrect process at the comparing stage resulted in re latively little changes in the revising stage. These fi ndings suggest that not only the quantity but also the quality of noticing is important for acquisition and more guidance and he lp should be provided for low level learners to benefit from writing and feedback.

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information regarding desirable body image recognition by examining body image recognition 395 middle school students in the Chungnam area. The average age of the subjects was 13.7 years for boys and 12.6 for girls. Their average height and weight were 165.4 ㎝ and 57.1 ㎏ for boys, and 155.7 ㎝ and 48.8 ㎏ for girls. As for body shape, girls thought that they were overweight more often and wanted to lose weight compared to the boys. Over half of the respondents answered that their weight control efforts were not systematic such ad via professional counseling. Weight control by students was attempted by themselves in order to control their weight by skipping meals. Further, the subjects exhibit dietary behavioral problems such as overeating, skipping meals, unbalanced diet, and eating speed. In conclusion, correct body image recognition is needed and families and schools should make efforts to help students properly control their weight and adopt proper eating habits.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary habits and snack consumption behaviors of middle school students with different obesity indexes in the Chungnam area. The survey was carried out using self-questionnaires and included 385 students(119 underweight, 193 normal weight, 66 overweight). The rate of skipping meals was higher for underweight students than overweight students; however, this difference was not statistically significant. The mean time of meal was 10 to 20 minutes and the criteria for choosing to eat a meal were ‘hunger’ and ‘taste’ in all groups. More than half of the subjects ate snacks 1 time a day, which were purchased outside. The typical snack time was ‘between lunch and dinner’. The criteria of for consuming a meal were ‘taste’ and ‘price’ in all groups. In the underweight group, the snack food scores were ice cream(4.4), fruit(4.3), fried chicken(4.1), sports beverage(4.0), fruit juice(4.0), pizza(4.0) and, tteokbokki(3.9). In the normal weight group, the snack food scores were ice cream(4.3), fried chicken(4.2), pizza(4.0), sports beverage(3.9), fruit juice(3.9) and, tteokbokki(3.9) in the overweight group, the snack food scores were ice cream(4.3), fruit(4.3), fried chicken(4.2), yogurt(4.0), sports beverage(4.0), fruit juice(4.0) and, ramen(4.0). In conclusion, the snaking behaviors of the subjects were not significantly different based on their obesity index. However, this study may provide basic information on the snacking behaviors of middle school students, and the findings suggest that nutrition education or counseling can improve snack intake habits and positive behaviors toward healthy adolescents diets.

이 연구의 목적은 지각 변동을 학습하는 과정에서 나타나는 중학생들의 중간 언어의 유형을 도출하는 것이다. 서울의 한 중학교 2학년 2학급에서 18명의 학생들을 선정하였다. 각 학생들은 총 네 차례에 걸쳐 개별 면담을 실시하였으며, 수집된 자료는 의미 관계와 주제 구조를 중심으로 분석되었다. 연구 결과, 일상 언어를 자원으로 하는 경우, 과학 어휘와 일상 어휘를 병용하는 경우, 그리고 과학 언어를 활용하지만 불충분한 경우와 의미 관계가 부적절한 경우를 합하여 총 8개의 중간 언어 유형이 도출되고 서술되었으며, 이를 바탕으로 조사된 중간언어의 함의를 토의하였다.

목 적: 중학생(14~16세)과 고등학생(17~19세)의 굴절이상도를 2년간 추적하여 굴절이상의 변화를 분석, 비교하고 이의 결과를 중고생 근시 진행에 관한 자료와 근시 예방 대책을 세우는데 기본 자료로 제시하고자 한다. 방 법: 전북에 소재한 안경원에 첫 번째 검사(2009.01.01~2009.09.30), 12개월 후(두 번째 검사, 2010.01.01~2010.09.30), 24개월 후(세 번째 검사, 2011.01.01~2011.09.30)와 같이 12개월을 주기로 3회 이상 내원한 현재 중학생 3학년 150명, 현재 고등학생 3학년 150명의 동일대상의 굴절검사 기록을 비교, 분 석하였다. 굴절이상의 검사는 기존의 안경 굴절력을 바탕으로 타각적, 자각적 굴절검사를 시행하였다. 결 과: 첫 번째 검사, 12개월 후, 24개월 후 측정한 전체 평균 등가구면 굴절력은 중학생 -3.55D± 2.44D, 고등학생 -4.70D±2.18D이었다. 굴절이상의 평균 변화는 첫 번째 검사에서 24개월 후 중학생이 -0.90D±0.19D, 고등학생이 -0.85D±0.17D로 중학생에서 평균 변화량이 약간 높았다. 안경의 굴절력은 1 단계가 0.25D이므로 근시도의 -0.25D의 변화를 1단계(step)의 변화로 나타내었다. 근시 진행량은 1단계 이 하(-0.25D 이하), 2~3단계(-0.50D~-0.75D), 4단계 이상(-1.00D 이상)으로 나누었다. 중학생 첫 번째 검 사에서 24개월 후 근시 진행량은 1단계 이하 11.67%, 2~3단계 38.34%, 4단계 이상은 50.00%로 조사되었 다. 고등학생 첫 번째 검사에서 24개월 후 1단계 이하는 9.70%, 2~3단계 44.00%, 4단계 이상은 46.30%로 조사되었다. 굴절상태와 굴절정도에 따라 A그룹(+0.75D 이상), B그룹(-0.75D~-2.75D), C그룹 (-3.00D~-5.75D), D그룹(-6.00D 이상)으로 구분하였다. 그룹별 전체 평균굴절력은 A그룹 2.25D±1.22D, B그룹 -2.32D±0.67D, C그룹 -4.70D±0.85D, D그룹은 -7.58D±1.05D로 조사되었다. 전체 안경 착용자 중 근시의 비율 변화는 중학생에서 첫 번째 검사, 12개월 후, 24개월 후 96.67%로 변화가 없었고, 고등학생 은 첫 번째 검사와 12개월 후 98.67%로 변화가 없었고, 24개월 후 99.67%로 1% 증가하였다. 결 론: 굴절이상이 있는 중고등학생 300명을 2년간 추적하여 굴절력을 분석하고 비교해 본 결과 근시의 발생율이 과거보다 현저하게 진행하였다. 많은 학생들이 긴 시간의 학업과 52.16%의 인터넷 중독(잠재적 중 독 포함)으로 인한 컴퓨터의 장시간 사용과 2009년 도입된 스마트폰의 장시간 사용이 가성근시에서 진성근 시로의 변화에 큰 영향을 미쳤을 것으로 판단된다. 학생들의 근시 진행을 예방하기위해 근거리 사용시간을 줄이는 적절한 대책이 계속적으로 논의되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

이 연구의 목적은 2009 개정 과학과 중학교 교육과정을 효과적으로 실행하기 위해 중학생들의 지구계에 대한 기초적인 인식을 조사하였다. 1219명의 학생들이 설문조사에 참여했으며 학생들의 지구계에 대한 기초적인 이해, 지구계와 관련된 23개의 개념(내용)에 대한 이해 수준과 중요성을 조사하였다. 지구계에 대한 기초적인 이해 결과를 살펴보면 약 67%의 학생들이 지구계에 대한 용어에 대해 잘 모른다고 응답하였다. 지구계의 구성요소 중에서는 대기권과 수권을 가장 잘 인식하고 있었으며, 빙권에 대해서는 지구계의 구성요소로서 낮은 이해 수준을 보였다. 23개 지구계 관련개념(내용)에서는 성별에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났으며, ESU#4, 5, 6에 관련된 주요 개념에서 남학생들이 이해 수준과 중요성에 대한 인식 수준이 더 높게 나타났다. 아울러, 학년별로는 23개 중에 10개의 개념에 대한 중요성의 인식 차이를 나타냈다. 교육과정의 실행과 학교 현장을 위한 제언이 논의되었다.

This research is trying to figure out the factors that make effects on the body movement and batting speed of the 6 middle school baseball players and the 6 common students using the equipment of the video analysis and ground reaction force. By doing so,

Historically the rise of contagious diseases and epidemics has been mainly caused by lack of food safety knowledge and negligence in personal hygiene. Food poisoning is an example that have been caused by lack of proper knowledge in food safety and personal hygiene. In order to prove this hypothesis, our team distributed a total of 225 survey sheets to middle school students. Survey questions mainly focused on the students' food safety knowledge, personal hygiene and regular dietary habits. We used 12 items to determine the stages of change in teenagers and divided into 3 stages of change: precontemplation stage (poor problem recognition), contemplation and preparation stage (some problem recognition), and action stage. Out of the 225 students surveyed, 105(47.1%) were male and 118 (52.9%) were female; 44.0% were in 7th grade, 33.0% in 8th grade, and 24.0% in 9th grade. In stages of change model, 3.8% were classified in pre-contemplation stage, 31.1% in preparation stage, and 65.1% in action stage. The awareness of the significance of food safety has a strong positive correlation with the stages of change food safety behavior (P<0.001), which suggesting our questionnaires regarding stages of change and food safety behavior were quite credential. Stages of change were also correlated with the consumption of unsanitary foods (P<0.01) and with the frequent hand washing (P<0.05). The stages of change showed a positive correlation with the food safety knowledge level (P<0.05). The four questions (out of 10) with the least percentage of correct answers were questions about the meaning of Norovirus (23.6%), the meaning of expiration date (43.6%), the meaning of food poisoning (36.4%), and proper food-handling (36.0%).

This study was performed to investigate patterns of fortified food (FF) consumption and intake of vitamins and minerals from FFs among 577 Korean children (12.4 years of age) who attended elementary or middle school. FFs eaten by children as a snack were surveyed using the food record method during 3 days, including 2 week days and one weekend. As a result, 114 FF items were eaten by the children, and several kinds of nutrients such as vitamin A, D, E, B complex, C, calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) were fortified in these foods. Ca-FFs (65.8%) were most frequently consumed, followed by vitamin C-FFs (33.4%) and vitamin D-FFs (33.3%). The number of FF items in each food group was the most in the milk group (n=24, 21.0%), followed by the beverage group (n=19, 16.7%), and the cookie/bread/cake group (n=17, 14.9%). Fortified nutrients in FFs were in various combinations, but the major combination patterns were Ca, Ca plus vitamins, Ca plus vitamins plus other minerals, and Ca plus other minerals. Daily mean intakes of vitamins and minerals from the FFs were 66-300% more than those of the recommended nutrient intake (RNI ) or adequate intake (AI) for most vitamins and minerals. Daily maximum intakes (95th percentile) of vitamins and minerals from FFs were 1-15 times the RNI or AI for most vitamins and minerals. Vitamin and mineral consumption ratios from each FF group were different according to the kind of fortified nutrient. For example, vitamin C was mostly eaten in fortified beverages (46-54%), and Fe was mostly eaten in fortified cookie/breads/cakes (87%). The above results show that FF consumption varied widely among the children, and that most of the children's foods were fortified with several vitamins and minerals without a common rule; thus, subjects risked over consuming vitamins and minerals by eating FFs. Therefore, practical guideline on FF use for children's optimal nutrition and health should be provided through nutrition education.

이 연구에서는 장르 분석 및 레지스터 분석을 통해 중학생들의 지구과학 주제 글쓰기의 언어적 특징을 분석하였다. 연구 자료는 7, 9학년 학생들을 대상으로 '지구 온난화'와 '암석의 분류' 주제 글쓰기를 실시하여 얻은 학생들의 글쓰기를 대상으로 하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학생들은 장르별 글쓰기에 익숙하지 않았으며 특히 논설장르 글쓰기에 많은 어려움을 보였다. 둘째, 내용과 논리관계의 특징으로 정의나 분류와 같이 한 부분을 다른 부분과 관련시키는 관계적 술어보다는 행동 및 하는 것을 의미하는 현상적 술어와 부가적 논리 관계가 많이 나타났다. 셋째, 상호관계적 표현의 특징으로 글 속에서 글의 주체, 글쓴이의 감정, 주관적 의견들이 많이 드러났으며, 학생들은 자신의 생각에 대해서 확신을 가지지 못하고 불확실성을 드러내었다. 넷째, 텍스트 구성의 특징으로 대부분의 학생들이 부가 접속사를 통해 단편적인 정보들을 나열하였으며, 체계적이며 논리적인 글을 쓰는데 익숙하지 않았다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 과학적 소양의 함양을 목표로 하는 과학 학습에서 과학 글쓰기가 강조되어야 하며 국가 교육과정차원에서 체계적인 계획뿐만 아니라 과학 글쓰기에 대한 교사들의 인식이 향상되어야 함을 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study was to provide guiding information in order to invigorate after-school physical education programs, make middle school students aware of importance of physical activities in adolescence and induce the participation in after-schoo

이 연구의 목적은 지구과학 수업에 적용한 MBL(Microcomputer Based Laboratory, 이하 MBL)이 중학생의 그래프 능력, 과학탐구능력에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 중학교 지구과학 내용 중 5개의 실험 주제에 대하여 MBL 활용 탐구 활동 자료를 개발하였다. 이 MBL 수업자료를 33명의 중학생들에게 적용하고 사전 검사와 사후 검사를 실시하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, MBL 수업은 중학생의 그래프 능력 향상에 유의미한 효과가 있었다. 그래프 능력의 하위 영역인 그래프 작성, 그래프 해석 능력 모두에서 유의미한 향상을 보였다. 특히 자료 변환하기 영역에서 유의미한 효과가 크게 나타났다. 둘째, MBL 수업은 중학생의 과학탐구능력 향상에 유의미한 효과가 있었다.

This study investigates the effects of shadowing, the oral repetition of what is said right after the language spoken, on L2 listening and speaking abilities of Korean middle school students. It also examines whether shadowing has a positive effect on students’ affective aspects in terms of self-confidence, preference, and perception. The experiment was conducted with 108 middle school students in Gwangju. The participants were divided into three groups, listening only, shadowing only, and listening plus shadowing, and received six weeks of treatment. The data collection consisted of the result of listening tests, speaking tests and questionnaires. The results showed that listening plus shadowing had a positive effect on L2 listening abilities compared to listening only techniques. The results also showed that there was no positive effect of shadowing on L2 speaking abilities. In addition, the results indicated that shadowing increased students’ self-confidence in using English, their shadowing preferences, and the positive perception about the efficacy of shadowing on English speaking skills improvement. This paper therefore argues that shadowing techniques need to be considered as an effective supplementary technique for practicing English listening skills in EFL middle school context.