본 연구의 목적은 알츠하이머질환(Alzheimer’s disease: AD) 동물 모델을 대상으로 트레드밀 운 동(Treadmill exercise: TE)과 환경강화(environmental enrichment: EE) 처치가 인지기능, 근 기능, 및 밀 착연접 단백질 발현에 미치는 영향을 확인하는데 있다. AD 동물 모델을 제작하기 위해 aluminum chloride(AlCl3)를 90일간(40mg/kg/하루) 투여 하였으며 동시에 TE(10-12m/min, 40-60min/day) 혹은 EE에 노출시켰다. 그 결과 AlCl3 투여에 의한 인지기능 저하와 근 기능 감소가 TE와 EE에 의해 완화된 것 으로 나타났다. 또한, TE와 EE는 AD 질환에서 나타나는 β-amyloid(Aβ), alpha-synuclein 및 tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) 단백질의 발현 증가를 감소시킨 것으로 나타났다. 게다가 TE와 EE는 AlCl3 투여에 의해 감소된 밀착연접 단백질(Occludin, Claudin-5 및 ZO-1)의 발현을 통계적으로 유의하게 증가시킨 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 Aβ 단백질과 밀착연접 단백질과의 상관분석을 실시한 결과 부적 상 관관계(Occludin: r=-0.853, p=0.001; Claudin-5 : r=-0.352, p=0.915; ZO-1 : r=-0.424, p=0.0390) 로 나타났다. 따라서 이를 종합해 보면 TE 혹은 EE 처치는 AD에 나타나는 병리학적 특징들을 일부 완화 시켜 인지기능과 근 기능을 일부 개선 시킬 수 있는 효과적인 운동 방법이라고 생각된다.

Background: The Trunk Stabilization Exercise and Respiratory Muscle Exercise may help address the complex biomechanical and neuromuscular issues that contribute to shoulder joint disorders and can help improve patient outcomes in terms of pain relief, range of motion, and functional ability. Objectives: To investigated the effects of conventional physical therapy, trunk stabilization exercise, and respiratory muscle exercise, on the Range of Motion (ROM), ULF and balance in patients with shoulder joint disorder. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: This study randomly allocated 18 subjects to the control group, 19 to the trunk stabilization exercise group, and 19 to the respiratory muscle exercise group, while all interventions were performed five times a week for four weeks. The result measurement involved the ROM, the upper limb function test (ULT), and balance tests. Results: The respiratory muscles exercise group indicated significant improvement in ROM and balance tests than the trunk stabilization exercise group and control group. Conclusion: The respiratory muscle exercise is a more effective way to improve ROM and balance ability than trunk stabilization exercise for patients with shoulder joint disorder.

Background: Inspiratory muscle training can improve inspiratory strength and endurance through threshold loading. In addition, trunk stabilization exercises can improve trunk strength and respiratory function. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of application of inspiratory muscle training and trunk stabilization exercise on pulmonary function and inspiratory muscle activation in college students. Design: Randomized controlled trials. Methods: In this study, 24 college students were randomly divided into two groups: inspiratory muscle training and trunk stabilization exercise (experimental group, n=12), and trunk stabilization exercise (control group, n=12). Inspiratory muscle activity was measured using a surface electromyography. Pulmonary function was measured using a spirometer and a peak expiratory flow meter. Results: In the experimental group, the muscle activity of both upper trapezius and latissimus dorsi muscles increased significantly after the intervention. In the experimental group, both upper trapezius muscle activity was significantly increased than in the control group. In the experimental group, all the pulmonary function significantly increased after the intervention. Conclusion: In this study, when the inspiratory muscle training was additionally applied to the trunk stabilization exercise in college students in their twenty, it was possible to improve the inspiratory muscle activity and pulmonary function.

본 연구에서는 초등학교 남자 축구선수들을 대상으로 12주간 근파워 및 민첩성 트레이닝이 체 력요인과 등속성근기능에 미치는 효과를 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 초등학교 남자 축구선수 12명을 대 상으로 근파워와 민첩성 트레이닝 프로그램 6개를 구성하여 12주간 주 3회 실시하였다. 근파워, 민첩성 트 레이닝 전과 후 운동에 대한 체력요인들을 측정하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 근파워의 제자리멀 리뛰기에서는 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.001). 둘째, 근파워의 제자리높이뛰기에서 유의한 차이가 나타났 다(p<.05). 셋째, 민첩성의 사이드스텝에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.01). 이상의 결과로 12주간의 근파 워 민첩성 트레이닝은 초등학교 남자 축구선수들의 순발력과 민첩성 향상에 긍정적 효과를 기대할 수 있으 며, 상해 예방과 경기력 향상을 위한 트레이닝 기초 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구에서는 남자 실업팀 핸드볼 선수들을 대상으로 플라이휠 운동을 적용한 웨이트 트레이 닝 프로그램을 개발하여 상해예방과 경기력 향상을 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 12주간 복합 플라이휠 운동 프로그램을 적용하여 신체조성, 체력요인, 무산소성파워, 등속성근기능에 미치는 영향 을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 팔굽혀펴기는 그룹 간 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 체지방률, 무산소성 파워는 시기별 상호작용에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 제자리멀리뛰기, 제자리높이뛰기, 악력, 배근력, 무산소성평 균파워 그리고 등속성근기능검사는 좌굴근과 우굴근에서 시기별로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 따라서 12주 간 플라이휠 운동을 활용한 웨이트 트레이닝 결과는 상해예방과 경기력 향상을 위한 기초자료로 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

평균연령의 증가에 따른 인구고령화는 현대사회의 공통적 당면과제이며, 이에 따른 퇴행성 근감소증의 발생 및 증가는 이에 대한 새로운 해결책을 요구한다. 근감소증은 단백질의 불균형 및 운동부족, 염증 증가 등 다양한 요소에 의해 발생하므로, 과학적 원인분석을 통한 다각도적 접근이 필요하다. 이는 식품산업의 새로운 블루오션을 창조 할 수 있으나, 현재 국내의 근감소증 개선 식품성분에 관한 연구는 태동 단계라고 할 수 있다. 제품 개발 현황의 경우 단백질을 이용한 제품이 대다수인 반면, 미국의 경우 단백질 유래 원료뿐만 아니라 현미, 갈조류, 사과껍질 등 식물 유래 원료를 이용하여 다양한 제품을 출시하고 있다. 또한, 근감소증 개선 효과가 있는 원료에 대한 특허 출원 은 증가하는 추세지만, 지표성분에 대한 연구는 아직 미비하다. 국내와 비교했을 때 미국을 비롯한 국외 학계 및 산업계는 비교적 많은 연구와 개발을 이루고 있다. 하지만 제품의 소재가 주로 대두단백 및 유청단백 등에만 국한되어 있으며, 운동보조제 위주의 접근으로 인해 제형의 한계가 존재하는 상황이다. 따라서, 근감소증을 개선할 수 있는 다양한 과학적 기작 연구와 함께 소재개발을 통하여 식품 산업의 새로운 시장을 열어갈 선구적 연구가 필요하다.

목적 : 본 연구는 스마트 글러브를 이용한 가상현실 기반의 상지재활훈련이 뇌졸중 환자의 상지기능, 상지의 근 활성도, 일상생활 활동과 삶의 질에 미치는 효과를 분석하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 선착순 무작위 대조 실험연구 방식으로 연구를 진행하였다. 의료연구협의회 지표(medical research council scale), 한국판 간이정신상태검사(Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination; MMSE-K)로 대상자를 선별하여 뇌졸중 환자 31명을 무작위로 스마트 글러브를 이용한 가상현실 기반의 상지재활훈련군과 일반적 작업치료군으로 나눈 뒤, 주 5회 하루 30분씩 총 25회기 동안 실험을 진행하였다. 중재 전ᆞ후 비교 분석을 하기 위해서 뇌졸중 상지 기능평가(Manual Function Test; MFT), 표면 근전도 검사(Surface Electromyography; EMG), 한국판 수정된 바델지수(Korean version of Modified Barthel Index; K-MBI), 뇌졸중 영향 척도 3.0(Stroke Impact Scale 3.0; SIS)을 사용하였다. 결과 : 첫째, 실험군과 대조군에서 상지의 기능향상(MFT)이 있었고, 실험군에서 위팔노근의 근 활성도에 유 의한 향상이 있었다. 둘째, 일상생활활동에서는 실험군과 대조군에서 유의한 향상을 보였다. 셋째, 삶의 질 에서는 실험군에서 유의한 향상이 있었다. 결론 : 스마트 글러브를 이용한 가상현실 기반 상지재활훈련은 뇌졸중 환자의 상지기능, 근 활성도, 일상생활 활동과 삶의 질을 향상하는 효과적인 작업치료 방법이다.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) diagnosis using Kellgren-Lawrence scores is commonly used to help decision-making during assessment of the severity of OA with assessment of pain, function and muscle strength. The association between Kellgren-Lawrence scores and functional/clinical outcomes remains controversial in patients with knee OA. Objects: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between Kellgren-Lawrence scores and knee pain associated with OA, function during daily living and sports activities, quality of life, and knee muscle strength in patients with knee OA. Methods: We recruited 66 patients with tibiofemoral knee OA and determined knee joint Kellgren-Lawrence scores using standing anteroposterior radiographs. Self-reported knee pain, daily living function, sports/recreation function, and quality of life were measured using the knee injury and OA outcome score (KOOS). Knee extensors and flexors were assessed using a handheld dynamometer. We performed Spearman’s rank correlation analyses to evaluate the relationships between Kellgren-Lawrence and KOOS scores or muscle strength. Results: Kellgren-Lawrence scores were significantly negatively correlated with KOOS scores for knee pain, daily living function, sports/recreation function, and quality of life. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between Kellgren-Lawrence scores and knee extensor strength but not flexor strength. Conclusion: Higher Kellgren-Lawrence scores were associated with more severe knee pain and lower levels of function in daily living and sports/recreation, quality of life, and knee extensor strength in patients with knee OA. Therefore, we conclude that knee OA assessment via self-reported KOOS and knee extensor strength may be a cost-effective alternative to radiological exams.

Background: Stroke is one of the most common diseases responsible for physical disabilities. In addition to their physical and occupational therapy, the self-exercise programs were developed for patients with hemiplegia to increase the intensity of their therapeutic exercise. Objects: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a customized self-exercise program (CSP) to walking function on improving stroke survivors’ muscle strength and ambulation function. Method: To test the effect of the self-exercise program, the following tests were conducted: The functional ambulation category (FAC), Tinetti performance-oriented mobility assessment gait part (POMA-G), timed up and go (TUG), 10-meter walk, and 2-minute walk. The study included 161 consenting stroke patients (FAC score>1) from a randomized, screened sample of 217. The CSP group participated in a 30-minute CSP each day for 10 weeks in addition to completing a routine rehabilitation program. The control group received only a routine rehabilitation program. All the subjects were monitored by a therapist once a week and had to submit an exercise checklist at the end of each session. Result: The strength of the participants’ upper and lower extremity muscles showed no significant differences between the CSP group and the control group. The FAC score and POMA-G also showed no significant differences. However, there were significant differences in the TUG, 10-meter walk test, and 2-minute walk test (p<.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that a CSP may improve gait-related function in stroke survivors.

본 연구는 4주간의 동계훈련기간 중 산수유 추출물을 섭취시켜 간 기능, 근 손상 및 혈중 피로물질에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 남중 축구선수 20명을 대상으로 동계훈련+산수유 추출물 섭취군(10 명), 동계훈련군(10명)으로 구분하여 실시하였다. 동계훈련은 1일 오전, 오후, 야간운동으로 구분하여 주 6 일, 4주간 실시되었으며, 운동강도는 70-95%HRR로 수행되었다. 산수유 추출물은 매일 아침과 저녁 식사 후 각각 80 mL(1일 160mL)를 4주간 섭취시켰으며, 측정된 자료의 그룹 내 변화는 대응표본 T검정, 그룹 간 차이는 변화율을 산출 한 뒤 독립표본 T검정을 이용하여 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 혈중 피로물질의 젖산은 동계훈련+산수유 추출물 섭취군에서 유의하게 감소하였으며(p<.05), 동계훈련군 보다 동계훈련+산수유 추출물 섭취군이 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.05). 암모니아는 동계훈련+산수유 추출물 섭취군(p<.05), 동계훈련군(p<.001) 모두 유의하게 증가하였다. 근 손상지표의 CK는 동계훈련+산수유 추출물 섭취군이 유의하게 감소하였으며(p<.05), LDH는 동계훈련+산수유 추출물 섭취군(p<.001), 동계훈련군(p<.05) 모두 유의하게 감소하였다. 간 기능 효소 중 AST(p<.01), ALT(p<.05)는 동계훈련+산수유 추출물 섭취군이 유의하게 감소하였으며, AST는 동계훈련군 보다 동계훈련+산수유 추출물 섭취군이 유의하게 감소하였다. 동계 훈련 시 피로에 쉽게 노출 될 수 있는 선수들에게 있어 산수유 추출물 섭취는 항피로의 역할을 하는데 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of joint mobilization with respiratory muscle taping on pulmonary function and chest expansion ability in patients with chronic stroke. Thirty subjects (n=30) were randomly divided into three groups: a joint mobilization group (n=10), a respiratory muscle-taping group (n=10), and a joint mobilization with respiratory muscle-taping group (n=10). Measurements for pulmonary function and chest expansion were performed to assess its effectiveness. A spirometer was used to measure the pulmonary function, and a tape measure was used to assess the chest expansion. In the joint mobilization group, peak expiratory flow (PEF) was increased. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and upper and lower chest expansion were also increased. All of variables of respiratory muscle-taping group also were increased. FEV1 and FVC were significantly different between joint mobilization with respiratory muscle-taping and respiratory muscle-taping group. The results of the present study suggest that mobilization with respiratory muscle taping increase the pulmonary function and chest expansion.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of respiratory exercise on cardiopulmonary function and muscle activity of rectus abdominis in smokers and non-smokers with elderly people. All the participants were older than 65 years, and twenty non-smokers, and twenty smokers participated. Non-smokers and smokers were randomly divined into 10 feedback breathing exercises (FBE) and a balloonblowing exercise (BBE) group. The FBE and the BBE were performed three times a week for four weeks. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume at one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and vital capacity (VC) were measured as pulmonary function. EMG was used to measure the activity of the rectus abdominis. In the FBE and BBE groups, FEV1 was significantly lower in non-smokers compared to smokers at two and four weeks (p<.05), FEV1/FVC, PEF and VC were significantly lower in non-smokers compared to smokers to pre-test, two weeks, four weeks and six weeks (p<.05). Muscle activity of rectus abdominis was significantly difference in the BBE group at pre-test, two weeks, four weeks, and six weeks (p<.05). These results suggest that respiratory exercise was effective in improving pulmonary function and rectus muscle activity.

This research was conducted to investigate the effect of continuous antagonistic muscle strengthening exercise and Evjenth-Hamberg stretching on the pulmonary function of university students with abnormal transformation of forward head posture(FHP). The results of study subject to the continuous antagonistic muscle strengthening(CAS) group(n=10) and Evjenth- Hamberg stretching(EHS) group(n=10) that was conducted 3 times a week for 6 weeks are as follow. FVC, IVC, and MVV all were shown to be significant in the pre·post comparison between the CAS group and EHS group(p<.05), and significant difference was shown for MW between the two groups(p<.05) in which the CAS group showed better effect. Based on the results above, it is considered that combining continuous antagonistic muscle strengthening exercise has better effect on pulmonary function compared to application of only Evjenth-Hamberg stretching.

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Expiratory Muscle Strength Training (EMST) on the suprahyoid muscle activation and swallowing function of stroke patients.Methods : This study randomly assigned 21 stroke patients to an experimental group and a control group. Four-week EMST was performed at resistance of 70% of the maximum expiratory pressure with the experimental group and at resistance of 20% of that with the control group. Evaluation was conducted using surface Electromyographic (sEMG), Videofluoroscopic Dysphagia Scale (VDS), and Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) based on Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS).Results : There was a statistically significant difference in the activation of the suprahyoid muscles using sEMG of the experimental group (p<.05) while there was no significant difference in that of the control group. Both group showed significant difference in the pharyngeal phase of VDS and PAS. Also in the comparison of variation in VDS and PAS before and after the intervention, there were statistically.Conclusion : Finding from this study confirmed that EMST applied 70% maximum expiratory resistance would be a remedial method which could help activate pharyngeal dysphagia patients’ suprahyoid muscles and improve swallowing function.

The purpose of this study was to find out an inspiratory muscles training program’s therapeutic effects on stroke patients’respiratory function. For the purpose, this study targeted 20 stroke patients being hospitalized in K hospital in Daegu, and diveded the patients into the both groups of Inspiratory muscle training(IMT) group and control group, randomization. The 10 patients in the IMT group was applied the inspiratory muscles training. The control group was composed of other 10 patients. IMT group was given a inspiratory muscle training program for 30 minutes per times, 5 times a week for 6 weeks. The investigator measured the patients’respiratory function compared changes in the function and ability before and after the IMT. The results of this study are as follows. Investigating the inspiratory muscle training group’s lung functions, there appeared some significant differences in the tests the FVC(Forced vital capacity), FEV1(Forced expired volume in one second) before and after the training(p<.05), but the control group had no significant in the same tests before and after(p<.05). The differences in the both groups after depending the inspiratory muscles training were significantly found in the tests of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC(p<.05). The maximum inspiratory pressure showed some significant differences in the inspiratory muscle training group(p<.05), but didn't show any significant difference in the control group(p>.05). Conclusionally, it will be judged that the inspiratory muscles training program will improve stroke patients’respiratory function, and it is considered that will move up stroke patients’gait and body function.

목적 : 본 연구는 뇌졸중으로 인한 편마비 환자들을 대상으로 앉은 자세에서 지지면의 안정성 변화가 상지기능 수준과 체간근육의 활성도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : D광역시 ○○재활병원에 내원중인 편마비 환자 15명(남 9명, 여 6명)을 대상으로 앉은 자세에서 양발지지, 손상측지지와 비손상측지지를 사용하여 지지면의 안정성 변화를 중재하였다. 상지기능 수준은 Korea Employment Agency for the Disabled (KEPAD) 다차원 상지기능 작업표본검사로 측정하였고 체간근육의 활성도는 표면근전도를 사용하여 측정하였다. 결과 : 앉은 자세에서 세 가지 지지방법 간에 상지기능 수준을 비교한 결과 양발지지가 손상측지지에 비해 상지기능에 유의한 차이를 보였으나 비손상측으로 지면을 지지한 경우와 비교에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 체간근육의 활성도를 비교한 결과에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 임상에서 편마비 환자에게 앉은 자세로 작업수행을 할 경우 양발로 지면을 지지하는 것이 상지기능 수준에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 작업치료사는 환자에게 양발로 지면을 지지하도록하여 자세 안정성을 극대화시킨다면 기능적인 상지의 움직임을 촉진시킬 수 있을 것이다.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of respiratory muscle training (RMT) with abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) on pulmonary function. Twenty-two subjects with restrictive breathing participated in this study. All the subjects were randomly assigned to three groups (7 subjects in RMT group, 7 subjects in RMT with ADIM group, 8 subjects in control group). The first group performed the RMT by using incentive respiratory spirometer (IRS). The second group performed the RMT by using IRS and the ADIM by using a Stabilizer. The exercises were conducted over four days. The pulmonary function was evaluated using the spirometer to measure the force exploratory volume in 1 second () and forced vital capacity (FVC). Measurements were conducted on the first day and the last day. A paired-t test was used for pre-post changes and the change rates in FVC and among each group were investigated by a one-way ANOVA. The findings of the the study were as follows: 1) There were significant differences of FVC and between pre and post in the two training groups (p<.05) 2) There was no significant difference of the change ratio the FVC and between the RMT group and RMT with ADIM group. Therefore, it is concluded that respiratory muscle and ADIM training, combined with two methods of treatment would suggest positive evidence for improving pulmonary function.

The purpose of this study was to find any correlations among Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Tone Assessment Scale (TAS), Motor Assessment Scale-Gait (MAS-G), Fugl Meyer-Balance (FM-B), and to predict MBI from subscales of the PASS. The subjects were 41 stroke patients of the Korea National Rehabilitation Center in Seoul. The main outcome measures were postural control (PASS), gait (MAS-G), Balance (FM-B), Tone (TAS), ADL (MBI). The data was analyzed using the Pearson product correlation. PASS scale was used between other clinical and instrumental indexes, multiple stepwise regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors for ADL incline, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to identify internal consistency on PASS scale. The results of this study areas follows: 1. The highest level was sitting without support, the lowest level was standing on paretic leg on PASS scale. The highest level was chair/bed transfer, the lowest level was bathing on MBI. 2. All items of the PASS, except postural tone were significantly correlated with Gait, Balance, MBI (p<.01), 3. The Internal Consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient=.85) was very high, indicating that the PASS is homogeneous and is likely to produce consistent response. Furthermore, the sums of maintaining position items and of changing-position items were strongly correlated (r=.64, p<.05) and there were significant correlations between sums of PASS, sums of maintaining position items (r=.87, p<.01), and changing-position items (r=.93, p<.01). 4. The standing without support of the PASS items was the strongest variance (R²=.85) of the predicting ADL function. These findings provide strong evidence of the predictive value of the postural control on gait, Balance, ADL function in stroke patients and to can provide a reference for the successful therapeutic program and more improved functional recovery.