The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is one of the most important agricultural pests. Therefore, we screened fifteen compounds from natural products for their spatial repellent and oviposition deterrent activities against T. urticae in the laboratory by using two-choice and no-choice tests. In the bridge two-choice test, nine compounds showed the spatial repellent effects on T. urticae at 20 mg dose, resulting in reduced numbers of eggs. Among the nine compounds, at 2 mg dose, two compounds were selected as having more spatial repellent activity than the others. The two compounds also showed spatial repellent and oviposition deterrent effects in the two-choice test from hosts. In the no-choice test from a host, the spatial repellent effects of the two compounds to T. urticae were significantly stronger than that of controls. These results suggest that the findings can be used as potential agents for the prevention and population control of T. urticae in the field.

The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is the world-wide agriculture pest and has the ability to become resistant to many pesticides. Hence, we conducted behavioral tests on apterous and alate aphids for series compounds from natural products by using a two-choice test, a no-choice test, a host choice test and electroantennography (EAG). As a result, we found 3 out of 30 compounds for apterous aphids and 2 out of 15 compounds for alate aphids, both of which showed powerful repellent effects on these aphids. In this study, we suggest that our findings could be useful and eco-friendly spatial repellents for controlling cotton aphid.

2011년 동일본대지진에 의해 발생한 후쿠시마 원자력 발전소 사고와 최근 국내 지진 발생 빈도의 증가는 원자력 발전소의 지진 안전성에 대한 불안감을 야기하였다. 더불어 최근(2021년) 일본 동경전력은 후쿠시마 원전 오염수의 태평양 방류를 결정하였으며, 이로 인해 국내외 수산물을 통한 방사능 오염 가능성이 높아지면서 국민들의 우려가 급증하고 있다. 후쿠시마 원전사고 이후 해양으로 의 인공방사능 유입에 관한 연구는 국제적으로 많이 이루어졌으나, 한국인의 주요 식재료인 동아시아 연근해의 수산물에서 인공방사능의 분포 현황 및 축적에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 후쿠시마 원전사고 이후, 국내산 수산물에서의 원전 기원 인공방사능(예, 137Cs, 239,240Pu, 90Sr 등)의 분포 특성과 관련한 최근 연구 사례들을 소개하고자 한다. 또한, 후쿠시마 원전 오염수의 방류와 더불어 2030년까지 계획된 중국의 신규 원전 시설로 인한 향후 한반도 주변해역의 방사능 유출 영향에 대한 대비 및 사전 연구가 필요한 시점이기에 향후 연구 방향들을 제안하고자 한다.

Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and periodontal disease are bone destructive diseases mainly caused by inflammation. Various studies are being conducted to develop treatments for inflammatory bone destructive diseases. Many of these studies involve plant-derived natural compounds. In these studies, cell differentiation, signal transduction pathways, and bone resorption were measured at the cellular level. In disease-induced animal models, the amount of inflammatory mediators or matrix destructive enzymes and serum metabolic markers were measured. This study examined the effects of plant-derived natural compounds, such as flavonoids, on inflammatory bone destructive diseases. In addition, we structurally classified various substances used to maintain bone health and summarized the biological effects and related mechanisms of the components.

This study aims to determine problems of the damage investigation system of aquaculture products resulting from natural disaster and to deduce improvement plans for such problems. The main problems revealed from this study were as follows: 1) detailed damage investigation is carried out only by one particular organization, 2) for aquaculture insurance subscribers another detailed damage investigation is conducted to reveal the causes of natural disaster by a joint investigator team formed according to a different legislation with a different purpose, 3) damage investigation is usually suffered from lack of labor, budget and time due to the restriction of natural damage to a certain period of season leading to the absence of quick reaction capability for irresistible natural disasters, and 4) there are no specified procedures and protocols for deciphering causes of a natural demage. The improvement plans to find solutions for such problems are as follows: 1) for the investigation, the object, method and role of the investigation organization should be clarified by improving the present legislation, 2) investigation methods for determining the demage causes should be systematized by making a manual to minimize disputes, and 3) supports for the investigation organization should be institutionalized to guarantee sufficient budget and manpower. Under the present circumstance with continuous natural damages, smooth procedures of damage compensation would lead to the management stability of aquaculture farms.

The perilla leaf pyralid moth, Pyrausta panopealis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a serious pest damaging to leaf perilla. In order to establish the life parameters of P. panopealis for eventual purpose of control, the developmental span of each stage were investigated under five temperature regimes (20℃ ~ 3 0℃). In addition, the larvicial efficacy of several on-the-market environment-friendly agricultural materials (EFAMs) was tested. The width of head capsule at each larval stage measured to be the mean of 0.21, 0.32, 0.47, 0.64, and 0.98 mm, respectively. The larval period of P. panopealis was longest at 20ºC as 27.0 days and shortened as temperature goes up to 30ºC as 11.3 days. Survivorship of the larval P. panopealis was the highest at 30ºC as 80%, whereas that of other temperatures ranged from 40% (20ºC) to 62.5% (27.5ºC), indicating that the P. panopealis appears to favor higher temperature. In addition to larval period, the duration of egg, prepupa, and pupa stages also shortened as temperature goes up, whereas the duration of adult stage increased as temperature goes up: from 4.1 days at 20 ºC to 6.1 days at 30ºC. After the perilla leaf pyralid moths were successfully stabilized in indoor environment the larvicidal efficacy of the ten EFAMs that were previously selected from the result of other moth species was tested aimed at 4th instar larvae for 48 hrs. Seven of the ten tested showed more than 90% of mortality within 12 hrs and reached nearly up to 100% within 24 hrs, but the remaining three showed less than ~70%.

whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) have a wide host range including cucumber, tomato, and pepper, resulting in loss of crop yield. In this study, we tested larvicidal efficacy of several on-the-market environment–friendly agricultural materials (EFAM) to select the effective products after the target pests were stabilized in indoor rearing condition. The developmental periods of two whiteflies are as follows: in the case of T. vaporariorum, egg duration is 9.6 days, and nymph is 18.9 days, and in the case of B.tabaci, egg durationis 7.4 days, and nymph is 15.2 days under 25℃ with relative humidity (RH) of 60±5% and a photoperiod of 16L : 8D. The total period of T. vaporariorum as 5 days longer than B. tabaci. Among 22 EFAMs six products showed more than 60% of insecticide efficacy for against T. vaporariorum BTVB, BTVD, BTVG, BTVL, BTVM, and BTVS. On the other hand, seven EFAM products including showed over 60% of insecticide efficacy against B. tabaci BTVD, BTVG, BTVK, BTVL, BTVM, BTVN, and BTVU. In the case of Spodptera litura previously, xxEFAMs were tesed against 2nd instar S.litura, and EFAMs were found to have more than 90% efficacy. Test of these six EFAMs against entire larval stages were performed in this study. Although some of these products showed still more than 90% of insecticidal efficacy against up to 3rd instar larvae, the efficacy of these EFAMs sharply decreased as ages increase, result is less than 60% of efficacy of the products at most. This result indicates the difficulty to control S. litura with the on-the-market EFAMs alone under economic injury level. Collectively, it is required to find more EFAMs and find alternative method to control those insect pests tested in this study.

The turnip aphid is a worldwide pest, damaging mainly to crucifers. In order to understand the life parameters of Lipaphis erysimi for the eventual goal of control, the developmental periods, survival rates, lifespan, and fecundity of the species were investigated under five temperature regimes (15℃ - 35℃). Furthermore, the efficacy of several environment-friendly agricultural materials (EFAMs) that are on the market was subjected to test in order to obtain further accurate information. The developmental period of the turnip aphid nymph was longest at 15ºC as 16.9 days, shortened as temperature goes up to 25ºC (5.4 days), and then somewhat increased at 30ºC (5.9 days), suggesting that the most efficient temperature for nymphal development could be around 25ºC. Mortality of the nymphal turnip aphid was obvious at 35ºC, whereas it was minimal at other temperature schemes. The longevity of adults shortened as temperature goes up to 30ºC. In particular, the maximum lifespan for adults continued for 55 days at 15ºC, but shortened to 21 days at 30ºC. The total fecundity per day was 35.7 at 15ºC, 81 at 20ºC, 64.2 at 25ºC, and 6.6 individuals at 30ºC, showing the highest fecundity at 20ºC. After the turnip aphids were successfully stabilized in indoor environment the insecticidal activity was tested and mortality was determined 12, 24, 36, and 48 hrs after EFAMs are treated. Several on-the-market EFAMs showed more than 90% of insecticidal activity within 24 hrs or 48 hrs, but a few showed less than 90% activity, signifying importance of selection of proper EFAMs.

The use of natural paint for the application to walls and furnishings is now increasing to improve indoor air quality, thereby the natural paint could be a significant source of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in indoor environments. Recent studies have shown that gas-phase reactions between terpenes and ozone can generate sub-micron size particles and toxic volatile organic compounds such as aldehydes and ketones. In this research, we have studied the formation of particles and secondary organic compounds during the reaction of ozone with terpenes emitted from commercial natural paint. The paint applied onto stainless steel was dried and oxidized in a teflon chamber. Two monoterpenes (α- and β-pinenes) were identified by FTIR and GC/MS. Several tests were performed to evaluate the effects of ozone concentration on particle formation. Increased ozone levels significantly affect the increase of particle number concentration (monitored with SMPS), which results in the increase of particle counts ranging from 8,000 to 70,000 particles/㎤. Gas-phase products such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone + acrolein, and propionaldehyde were identified during the terpene/ozone reactions by HPLC. These compounds are potential hazardous chemical compounds having harmful health effects to animals and plants. The results obtained from this study provide an insight on the adverse effect of eco-friendly natural product on indoor air quality (IAQ).

소간냉동건조분말, 누에번데기냉동건조분말, 수벌가루를 각각 첨가하여 만든 인공사료들을 이용하여 칠성풀잠자리붙이(Chrysopa pallens(Rambur))를 사육한 결과 누에냉동건조분말을 1% 수준으로 첨가한 먹이에서만 효율이 증대되었으며, 유충발육기간이 15.60.99일, 고치무게가 2.94mg, 성충까지의 생존율이 89.3%로 나타났다. 또한 소간냉동건조분말, 소고기냉동건조분말, 달걀냉동건조분말 그리고 설탕을 각각 4/4/3/4의 비율로 놓고 비타민 C와 Vanderzant의 비타민 B 혼합물을 각각 50mg씩 넣은 먹이로 칠성풀잠자리붙이를 사육한 결과 유충발육기간이 1.45일, 고치무게가 2.24mg, 성충까지 생존율이 100%fh 나타났으며, 산란 시작후 20일간의 산란수가 70.4개에 달해서, 이 인공사료를 이용한 칠성풀잠자리붙이의 대량사육이 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

While a range of natural organic matter (NOM) types can generate high levels of disinfection by-products (DBPs) after chlorination, there is little understanding of which specific compounds act as precursors. Use of eight model compounds allows linking of explicit properties to treatability and DBP formation potential (DBPFP). The removal of model compounds by various treatment processes and their haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP) before and after treatment were recorded. The model compounds comprised a range of hydrophobic (HPO) and hydrophilic (HPI) neutral and anionic compounds. On the treatment processes, an ozone oxidation process was moderate for control of model compounds, while the HPO-neutral compound was most treatable with activated carbon process. Biodegradation was successful in removing amino acids, while coagulation and ion exchange process had little effect on neutral molecules. Although compared with the HPO compounds the HPI compounds had low HAAFP the ozone oxidation and biodegradation were capable of increasing their HAAFP. In situations where neutral or HPI molecules have high DBPFP additional treatments may be required to remove recalcitrant NOM and control DBPs.