On the early stage of Emperor Qianlong period, Qianlong ordered the ministers to sort out interior cultural relics. Therefore ministers successively compiled four antiques catalogue, they are "Midian Zhulin Buddhism and Taoism paintings appreciation", "Shiqu Baoji paintings appreciation", "Ancient bronze vessels collection appreciation in Qing Dynasty" and "Tianlu Linlang official books collection catalogue appreciation" respectively. The stylistic rules and layout of the first two was borrowed from Gao Shiqi "Jiang Cun Xiao Xia Lu". The stylistic rules and layout of the record of "Ancient bronze vessels collection appreciation in Qing Dynasty" was borrowed from Wang Fu "Bo Gu Picture" and Lv Dalin "The Archaeological Picture". To a great extent, the stylistic rules and layout of "Tianlu Linlang official books collection catalogue appreciation" was inherited from the connoisseur ideology of "Shiqu Baoji paintings appreciation" and "Ancient bronze vessels collection appreciation in Qing Dynasty", which was the evolutionary adaptation of style reference and actual situation of books identification and collection. As the classic examples of official connoisseur catalogue, "Tianlu Linlang official books collection catalogue appreciation" had a significant impact on Qing dynasty bibliography. As the development of textology in Qing Dynasty, the connoisseur gradually flourished in society. Under its inspiration and influence, the edition bibliography of Qing dynasty continued to develop.

Biodiversity has globally declined because of various drivers, and the loss of biodiversity encroaches ecosystem services resulting in more serious socio-economic and environmental problems in low-income or underdeveloped countries where local livelihood is highly dependent on ecosystem services. Official Development Assistance (ODA) from developed countries may help address the negative drivers of biodiversity loss. However, little researches on ODA related to biodiversity issues in the Republic of Korea are available. This study was conducted to review the current status of ODA related with biodiversity issues provided by Korea. We used ‘Green ODA’ guided by the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) and ’Creditor Reporting System (CRS)’ code of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to identify and analyze biodiversity-related ODAs. As a result, ODAs for biodiversity provided by Korea were belonged to two of five categories of the Green ODA. The total amount of the overall ODAs and Green ODAs have increased steadily since the 2000s. However, the amount of biodiversity-related ODAs had greatly changed over time, and its proportion to overall ODA budgets had remained low. This may be largely because the ODAs for biodiversity had been implemented on a short-term basis, not for systematic long-term projects. In order to meet the global trend for biodiversity conservation, it is necessary to expand the total amount of ODAs for biodiversity, establish long-term plans, and maintain the continuity of biodiversity-related ODA projects.

이 연구는 축산물 중 포레이트 및 대사산물 5종의 안전관리를 위한 공정분석법을 확립하기 위하여 수행하였으며 분석법의 선택성, 검출한계 및 정량한계, 회수율에 대한 검증을 통하여 포레이트 및 대사산물 5종의 공정시험법으로의 유효성을 확인하였다. 포레이트 및 대사산물 5종을 신속하고 효과적으로 동시에 분석하기 위하여 LC-MS/MS를 사용하였고, 1% 아세트산 포함 아세토니트릴 추출 후PSA, C18을 이용해 정제하였다. 개발된 분석법의 평균 회수율은 79.2-113.9%였으며, 분석오차는 19.2% 이하로 정확성 및 재현성이 우수함을 확인할 수 있었다. 개발된 분석법은 국제적 잔류농약 분석 가이드라인에 적합한 수준이었으며 축산물 중 포레이트 및 대사산물 5종의 잔류검사를 위한 공정분석법으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

I would like to explain the current situation and problems of the Japanese official characters "jōyō kanji", by taking into consideration their predecessor "tōyō kanji". There are some examples, where simplifying the shape of the character, has caused the original meaning to become lost. This is because simplification is conventionally relied on handwriting. When you think of the shape of characters, it is important to separate them into the characters that are used in handwriting and those that are used in printing. That is because when simplifying the characters, cases where the radical of the character also completely changes are being generated. It also causes confusion in the learning process when the radicals of the kanji are different in different dictionaries. If one thinks about the flow that has been used with dictionary compiling, which is inherited from the past standards, it is considered to be better to unify it to the standards shown by the traditional "Kangxi dictionaries". Also, with the development of today’s electronic information devices, there is less chance of handwriting. When one is writing characters by hand, from the view point of writing fast and easy, there is no other way than for the character to lose some of its original meaning and its relationship to other characters. But when it comes to printed characters, it is considered much better for the character to retain its original shape, where one can explore the meaning of the word.

조직공정성의 인식이 중요하게 대두되면서 다양한 조직을 대상으로 한 연구가 많이 있었지만 상대적으로 여성교정공무원을 대상으로 한 연구는 거의 전무한 실정이다. 윤옥경(2006), 김응분(2010), 최은하(2013) 등 연구에 따르면 여성교도관은 남성교도관보다 조직 내 제한된 범위내에서 근무하고 있다는 주장에 따라 여성교정공무원에 초점을 둔 것이다. 이러한 문제의식을 가지고 이 연구에서는 여성교정공무원에 초점을 두었으며 실제 여성교정공무원이 생각하는 조직 내 공정성을 파악하고, 조직 내 공정성(절차공정성, 분배공정성)이 직무만족 및 조직몰입에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 했다. 조사기간은 2013년 6월 9일부터 28일까지 총 150부의 설문지를 배포하여 그 중 유효한 설문지 107부를 분석대상에 이용하였다. 자료 분석을 통해서 본 연구의 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 조직공정성의 하위요소인 분배공정성, 절차공정성 모두 조직몰입과 직무만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 상대적으로 분배공정성의 영향력이 더 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 결론적으로 여성교정공무원들은 직무에 대한 만족과 조직몰입을 위해서는 조직 내의 공정한 절차보다는 결과 측면의 보상과 관련된 분배공정성에 더 민감하게 반응하고 있다는 것을 의미한다. 이에 본 연구의 결과는 여성교정공무원의 조직몰입도를 높이기 위해서는 보상, 근무환경, 직무와 관련된 승진 등의 내재적 만족도를 높이는 등 인적자원관리방안이 마련되어야 함을 시사하고 있다.

Kim, Jeongyeon, & Choi, Jinsook. 2014. University Administrative Workers' Perceptions of the Workplace Context under English as an Official Language Policy. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 22(2), 1-22. This study aims to examine how university administrative workers perceive the workplace context under English as an official language policy, and further how their perceptions of the context would correlate with the roles of English uses for work. The data came from the questionnaire responses of 116 employees of a Korean university and qualitative interviews with 6 administrative workers. Descriptive and correlation analyses showed that the participants' evaluation of three contextual factors, i.e., English as an official language policy, online English learning, and coworkers' English competence, was only moderate. In the self-evaluation of their English proficiency, the majority of the participants indicated that they were only able to participate in a short English dialogs, but had difficulty with English discussions. A striking difference was found in the evaluation of significance of English skills between their current work performance and under full execution of the policy. Although most of the participants ranked reading skill the most significant in their current work performances, they selected speaking as the most crucial skill under the full execution of the policy. Implications of the findings are presented for more efficient practices of English as an official language policy at work. (195)

三国史记,三国遗事等国内的文献资料以及中国或日本的史书上记录的关于新罗的国名, 官名, 地名, 人名等, 大多数都存在于异表记. 按照异表记的原则来说, 它们应该都是同音或近音. 本考以王力提示的音同或音近基准的叠韵, 对转, 旁转, 旁对转, 通转(韵母), 双声, 准双声, 旁纽, 准旁纽, 邻纽(声母)为根据, 从音韵学的角度对这些新罗时期的名词是否是异表记进行考证. 人名接尾辞异表记, 在ⓐ'知,只,利,兮,巴'与ⓑ'次'中, ⓐ为双声, 准双声,叠韵, ⓐ和利, 次通过邻纽, 通转为近音. 而兮和巴并不是互为近音, 前文的ⓐ和ⓑ也不是近音. 地名异表记, ‘伊骨'与‘一古'中的伊和一是双声, 对转的近音. 骨和古在上古音及中古音中不是近音但是在近代音成为了同音. 官等名异表记‘飡, 湌, 餐, 囋, 飧’中餐是本字, 湌是异体字, 飡是俗字, 囋, 飧是异表记字. 官等名異表記‘沙咄干’的咄虽然看作是叱的误记但是从音韵学的角度是无法看成误记的. 官等名異表記‘柰麻’中‘柰, 奈, 乃,那’的奈和柰是两个不同的字, 但是因为在上古, 中古音中是双声, 叠韵的同音所以可以互用. 官等名異表記‘翳飡, 伊湌, 乙粲’中, ⓐ‘翳和伊’是双声,叠韵的同音, ⓐ和‘乙’是双声, 对转的近音. 官等名異表記‘沙湌, 薩湌’中, 沙和薩在中古音里是准雙聲, 對轉的近音.官等名异表记‘吉支智, 吉之, 吉士, 吉次, 稽知’的‘吉支智’中的智是接尾辞. ‘吉支智’的接尾辭'智'除外的‘吉支, 吉之, 吉士, 吉次, 稽知’中的吉和稽在上古, 中古音里是双声, 对转的近音. 後部要素ⓐ支, 知, 之, 士在上古, 中古音里是雙聲或準雙聲, 疊韻或旁轉. 吉次的次在近代音时与ⓐ成为了近音. 在新罗国号的异表记‘斯羅, 斯盧, 徐那伐, 徐羅伐, 徐耶伐, 徐伐, 薛羅, 尸羅, 新羅, 新良, 志羅’等中, ⓐ‘斯, 徐, 薛, 尸, 志’的聲母心,書, 邪, 章母是准双声, 旁纽, 邻纽, 韻部之, 支, 魚, 脂韻通过旁轉成为近音. 但是新罗的新因为和前面的名称们差异较大所以并不是近音. ⓑ‘羅, 盧,那, 耶, 良’是双声或旁纽, 叠韵, 对转, 通转的近音. 王號異表記寐錦和尼斯今中的寐和尼在上古, 中古音中是邻纽, 旁转的近音. 锦和今则确实是双声,叠韵的同音. 尼斯的斯, 就如同在日本书纪中为了表现官等名柰末的末, 在奈麻后面加上了一个禮写做奈麻禮一样, 可推测是作为‘-ㅅ’的角色.

This paper investigated the system that is relevant to Jang(fermented soybean paste or solution), the relief of hunger- stricken people by Jang, 33 kinds of Jang, and its consumption in the documents, such as the annals of the Chosun Dynasty, Ihlseong-document, Seungjeongwon daily, Uigwe(record of national ceremony), official documents on the basis of Kyujanggak institute for the Korean studies and data base of Korean classics. There are lots of Jang named after the place of particular soybean's production from the ancient times. Jang, soybean, salt and Meju(source of Jang), during the Dynasty, were collected as taxation or tribute. In the 5th year of Hyeonjong(1664), the storage amount of soybean in Hojo(ministry of finance) was 16, 200 ㎘, and its consumption was 7, 694 ㎘ a year. In the 32nd year of Yongjo(1756), the 1, 800 ㎘ of soybean was distributed to the people at the time of disaster, and in his 36th year(1756), the 15, 426 ㎘ of soybean was reduced from the soybean taxation nationwide. The offices managing Jang are Naejashi, Saseonseo, Sadoshi, Yebinshi and Bongsangshi. Chongyoongcheong(Gyeonggi military headquarters) stored the 175.14 ㎘ of Jang, and the 198 ㎘ of Jang in Yebinshi. There are such posts managing Jang as Jangsaek, Jangdoo, and Saseonsikjang. In the year of Jeongjong(1777～1800), the royal family distributed the 3.6 ㎘ of Meju to Gasoon-court, Hygyeong-court, queen's mother-court, queen's court, royal palace. The 13.41 ㎘ of Gamjang(fermented soybean solution) was distributed to the Gasoon-court, 17.23 ㎘ to Hegyeong-court, 17.09 ㎘ to the queen's mother-court, and the 17.17 ㎘ to the queen's court each. There are 112 Jang-storing pots in the royal storages, and the 690 are in Namhan-hill, where the 2.7 ㎘ of fermented Jang was made and brought back by them each year. At the time of starvation, Jang relieved the starving people. There are 20 occasions of big reliefs, according to the annals of the Chosun Dynasty. In the 5th year of Sejong(1423), the 360 ㎘ of Jang was given to the hunger-stricken people. In his 6th year(1424), the 8, 512.92 ㎘ of rice, bean, and Jang was provided and in the 28th year(1446), the 8, 322.68 ㎘ of Jang was also provided to them. In the Dynasty, Jang was given as a salary. In case that when they were bereaved, they didn't eat Jang patiently for its preservation. They were awarded for their filial piety. In the annals of the Chosun Dynasty, there are 19 kinds of Jang. They are listed in the order of Jang(108), Yeomjang(90), Maljang(11), Yookjang(5), Gamjang(4), and etc., . In Seungjeongwon daily, there are 11 kinds of Jang. Jang(6), Cheongjang (5), Maljang(5), and Tojang(3) are listed in order. In the Ihlseong-document, there are 5 kinds of Jang. They are listed in Jang(15), Maljang(2), Gamjang(2), and etc., . There are 13 kinds of Jang in Uigwe, and the official documents, in the order of Gamjang(59), Ganjang(37), Jang(28), Yeomjang(7), Maljang(6), and Cheongjang(5). In addition, shi are Jeonshi(7), and Dooshi(4). All these are made of only soybean except, for Yookjang. The most-frequently recorded Jang among anthology, cookbook, the annals of the Chosun Dynasty, Ihlseong-document, Seoungjeongwon daily, Uigwe, or officialdocument is Jang(372), and then Yeomjang(194), Gamjang(73), Cheongjang(46), Ganjang(46), Soojang(33), and Maljang(26), which were made of soybean. Jang from China in cookbook is not in anthology and royal palace documents. Thus, traditional Jang made of soybean was used in the daily food life in the royal court, and in the public during the Chosun period.

한국은 ICT 활용교육 및 e-러닝 분야에서 개발도상국의 계속적인 관심을 받고있고, 이 분야와 관련하여 국제 사회로부터 적극적인 ODA(Official DevelopmentAssistance, 공적 개발 원조) 참여를 요구받고 있다. 이에 따라 한국의 학자들과연구 기관에서는 ODA에 관한 연구를 진행하여 개선방향을 제시하였다.본 연구는 국제학 및 국제교육협력 분야의 한국 전문가들의 연구보고서들을 분석하여 현재 한국 ODA의 제한점을 다음과 같이 도출하였다: 1) 수혜국에 대한요구분석 미흡, 2) 프로젝트 수행과정의 불명확성, 3) 원조국 및 수혜국의 전문가부족, 4) 프로젝트 수행 후 평가 및 관리 미흡, 5) 지속적인 프로젝트 발굴 결여로 나타났다. 각 제한점에 대해, 한국의 ODA를 개선하기 위한 원리들을 연결하여제시하였다: 1) 교육 분야에 초점을 맞춘다, 2) 컨설팅 과정 모형을 개발한다, 3)사업타당성 연구를 시행한다, 4) 프로젝트 관리체제를 구축한다, 5) ODA 프로젝트 보고서를 저장․관리한다.이러한 일반적인 원리들을 기반으로, ICT활용교육 분야에 초점을 맞춘 국제협력의 이슈를 다음과 같이 제안하였다: 1) 지속가능한 경제성장을 위해서는 인적자원개발에 더욱 집중해야 한다, 2) e-러닝을 통하여 보다 많은 세계의 사람들과조화롭게 살아갈 방법들을 고려해야 한다, 3) 온라인 커뮤니티를 활용하여 보다많은 사람들이 미래교육을 위한 비전을 구성하고 공유해야 한다.

This thesis is to analyze the origin and transformation of the official building registers of Korean traditional temples, and also to suggest the amendment of their wrong archives. Especially, this study is to examine these subjects focused on Beomeo-sa which has maintained fine registers. The results are as follow; 1. In Chosun Dynasty, the Ip-an had been used, and in the period of Daehan-Empire, the Ga-gei had been used as each official registers for the common buildings. The other hand, the lists of properties and the legal registers had been used as official registers for the temple buildings between 1911 and 1962. 2. The current official building registers have been firstly recorded under <Building Law> in 1962. At that time, the current official registers have been also recorded for the Buddhist temple buildings. 3. Most of the official building registers of Buddhist temples are incomplete. Especially, these have usually the indistinct building names and wrong building areas. These were mainly caused by direct copying of the old registers recorded in 1956, the period of Buddhist confusion. Furthermore, the registers have been poorly operated by monks and offices. 4. Therefore, the registers has to be corrected as follow; The omitted buildings have to be added and the duplicated buildings have to be removed in the summary heading registers. The indistinct building names recorded in 1956 have to be correct into actual proper building names. The wrong building areas recorded in 1956 have to be correct into actual measurement building areas.

국제해사기구(IMO)와 세계 해운계에서는 해양환경 보호 및 해상안전 확보를 위해 각종 국제협약을 시행하고 있으나 개발도상국에서는 이를 이행하지 못해 해양사고의 주요 요인이 되고 있다. IMO A그룹 이사국으로 부상한 우리나라는 해사안전기술 이전실적이 마마하여 해사안전기술 분야의 국제협력 사업 발굴 및 추진이 요구되고 있다. 국제협력 사업을 추진하기 위해서는 해사안전 분야의 중요도가 높고 개발도상국에서 필요도가 높은 기술을 선정하여 추진하여야 하는 등 선택과 집중이 요구된다. 따라서 해사안전기술의 우선순위 도출이 필요하며 이를 위해서는 해사안전기술의 평가요인을 도출하고 그 요인에 따라 대상 해사안전기술을 평가하여 우선순위를 결정하여야 한다. 이때 평가요인 간의 중요도를 나타내는 중요 가중치가 평가요인마다 상이하며, 요인간에 종속성이 발생하므로 이를 고려하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 해사안전기술 평가요인으로 해사안전기술성숙도, 국제협력사업추진가능성, 해사안전기술중요도의 세 그룹으로 구분하고 각 그룹별로 세부 요인을 도출하였다. 또한 평가요인 간의 중요 가중치와 상관 가중치를 고려하기 위해 Fuzzy AHP 기법과 극한확률 이론을 사용한 평가모델을 개발하였다. 본 평가모델의 적용을 위해 해양안전정보 분야에 9개의 해사안전 기술을 선정하고 각 기술의 평가 점수를 계산하였다. 적용 결과 전자해도관련기술이 0.0139로 가장 우선순위가 높았으며 선박모니터링기술과 유류유출확산예측및대응기술이 각각 0.0133, 0.0132로 계산되었다.

In this study, the symbols and visual expressions employed in the food culture content of official website designed to promote three cities in Korea, Seoul, Jeonju and Jeju, were subjected to semiotic analysis. In this study, it was assumed that these websites reflected the varying perspectives of the people behind the development and management of these routes of Internet communication, and the semiotic choices made in order to exemplify each city’s food cultural image. The aim of the study was to analyze the communication strategies of food cultural branding in the terms of the online content regarding Seoul, Jeonju, and Jeju with a focus on the comparative points in these cities’ official websites. This study included conducting semiotic content analyses of the aforementioned cities’ official web pages in an attempt to determine the food branding strategies used to differentiation and produce more favorable perceptions of these three cities. Building upon the findings drawn from this comparative study, the present work can be used to determine more effective ways of strategically differentiating the images of local food culture associated with these cities from the view of brand communications. This study also demonstrates viable directions for designing web content for a city where the food cultural messages can be delivered in a thoughtful and effective manner.

우리나라는 국제사회에서 불과 40여 년 전 최빈국이었던 국가가 경이적인 경제성장과 발전을 통해 성공을 이루어 낸 모범사례로 공인되고 있고, 경제규모 확대와더불어 최근 부상하고 있는 공여국(Emerging donor)으로 평가 받고 있다. 또한 국내에서는 새 정부 출범이후 글로벌 경제위기 극복을 위한 교육서비스 산업의 일자리 창출과 민간 경쟁력 활용을 통한 교육수출이 요구되고 있으며, 공적개발원조를통한 해외진출확대를 위한 창구 또는 하나의 대안으로 받아들여지고 있다.본 연구에서는 우리나라 교육정보화 분야 공적개발원조사업 추진현황을 해외 양자및 다자간 공적개발원조사업과의 비교, 분석을 통해 동 분야의 해외진출 발전전략을 탐색하였다. 그리고 우리 교육정보화 강점분야의 공적개발원조 사업 연계방안및 해외진출 활성화 방안에 대해 연구하였다. 도미니카공화국, 라오스, 스리랑카,몽골 등 6개국에 대해 한국정부가 실시한 교육정보화 분야 공적개발원조성 사업에대한 평가를 통한 시사점을 살펴보면 다음과 같다.첫째, 원조효과의 극대화를 위해서는 사업추진에 필수적인 사업계획 단계(Predesign)에서부터 충분한 검토와 분석, 이에 따른 사업절차의 확립이 필요하다. 둘째, 교육정보화관련 정책 인프라, 법제 정비 등 시스템 구축 분야에 관한 새로운 체제를 구축하는 방향으로 지원 사업의 패러다임 변화가 필요하다. 셋째, 수원국의 현재 기술수준과 미래 전망을 고려한 물자 및 기자재 지원이 필요하다. 넷째, 교육정보화 지원 사업에 대한 표준화된 지원 모델(Standard model) 마련이 필요하다. 다섯째, 체계적인 사후관리시스템 지원이 필요하다. 여섯째, 사업수행 형태의 과학화가 필요하다.무엇보다 교육정보화 분야에서 한국형 개발협력 모델은 국제 원조 규범을 존중하면서 선진국들의 전통 원조 방식과는 차별성을 지니는 비교우위 분야에 집중해야 할 것이다.

The purpose of this study aims to examine the difference between secondary P.E. teachers' official stress by their backgrounds under current unexpected educational circumstances and the efficiency of educational activities, to look into the concerned infl