본 연구는 잣나무의 구과 착과량에 따른 구과 및 종자특성의 변화 양상을 구명함으로써 잣나무 채종원의 효율적 관리방안을 도출하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 2007년 충주 소재 잣나무 채종원에서 조사를 실시하였는데, 전체 조사목 중 96.3%가 착과되었으며 본 당 구과수는 평균 27.4개였다. 본 당 구과 착과수에 따라 8개의 계급으로 나누어 분석을 했는데, 구과 착과수가 많아질수록 구과길이, 구과폭, 구과무게가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 구과 착과수가 많아질수록 임성인편수, 종자생산능력, 충실종자율, 종자무게, 종자효율은 감소하고 둘째해 고사배주율은 다소 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때 종자결실이 풍년으로 구과가 다량 착과되는 해에는 평년에 비해 종자의 균일성 및 품질이 저하될 가능성이 높다고 판단된다. 특히, 잣나무는 구과와 종자의 크기가 크고 무거울수록 포지와 조림지에서의 생장이 좋다는 보고가 있는 점을 감안할 때, 결실 풍년으로 인해 종자의 평균적인 크기와 무게가 감소되는 경우 향후 조림지에서의 유묘생장도 저조할 가능성이 있다. 따라서, 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 결실이 풍년인 해에는 착과량을 인위적으로 적정수준으로 조절하거나 종자 정선 시 평년 수준의 종자크기 또는 무게를 가진 것들을 선별하여 공급하는 방안 등 다각적인 대처방안을 검토할 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

The purpose of the present study is to construct a rural development strategy from the nexus between spatial changes in specialized crops and suitable cultivation area of the crops. This paper pays particular attention to identify product life cycle of specialized crops in rural areas and estimate the impact of climate change on alterations in spatial distribution of the crops. In order to do so, first of all, this study applies multi-level model (Random coefficient model) to estimate the regional coefficient of five orchard crops. It utilizes the data 1995 to 2010 Korea Agricultural Census. Futhermore, it also adopts overlay analysis by ArcGIS to identify the development path of the crops and the relationship with climate change. Based on the results, it suggests a mechanism activating regional agriculture. The findings propose re-searching and relocating specialized regions of the crops. Especially, it proves each rural area can drive the new agricultural strategy to strengthen regional agriculture by estimating the relationship between development of specialized crops and suitable cultivation areas. For instance, shifting specialized crops in particular regions and enriching genetic or species varieties can be primary measures and it will contribute to improve the reliable base for income sources in the rural communities. This paper also offers specific policy implications regarding rural development plans in response to crops' life cycle and climate changes.

To assess parameters of mating system in seed orchard, such as outcrossing rates, number of potential pollen contributors, and degree of pollen contamination, seeds, produced in '77 plot of the Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora S et Z) seed orchard at Anmyeon island, were collected in 2007 and analysed by nSSR and cpSSR markers. Estimates of outcrossing rates ranged from 91.2 to 100% (mean 97.7%) on the basis of the analysis of cpSSR haplotypes and from 81.6 to 100% (mean 95.3%) on the basis of the analysis of nSSR genotypes. By cross checking of both DNA markers, seeds, presumed to be products of self pollination on the basis of single marker, were confirmed as outcrossed seeds, which resulted in cumulative outcrossing rates of 98.9%. On the basis of pooled cpSSR haplotype of each seed, the number of pollen contributors and paternal contribution rates were estimated as 14.8 and 0.512, respectively. In conclusion, considering pretty high level of outcrossing rates observed in a seed orchard, good genetic potential of the seeds, produced in '77 plot of the seed orchard of Japanese red pines at Anmyeon island, may be guaranteed. Investigated results from the analysis of mating system of Japanese red pines in a '77 plot of the seed orchard may also be expected to provide useful information for the management and establishment of the seed orchard of the progressive generation.

최근에 유기 재배된 과실이 관행재배와 비교해서 건강관련 물질과 관련된 화합물이 다량 분포된다는 연구와 주장이 제기되어 왔지만, 국내에서는 두 가지 재배방법에 따른 과실품질을 분석한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구는 유기농과 관행으로 재배 된 배 '신고'의 과실품질과 폴리페놀 및 항산화 활성을 조사하였다. 처리는 키틴 복합퇴비+키틴 액비(구역 A), 키틴 복합퇴비+적외선으로 처리 된 키틴 액비(구역 B), 그리고 관행재배 시스템(구역 C와 D)으

상수리나무 실생채종원에서 수형목 풍매차대 35 가계의 생장 및 가지특성 변이에 대한 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 채종원 임령 12년생 때의 평균 수고는 9.96 m, 평균 흉고 직경 14.50 cm, 평균 지하고 1.04 m, 평균 수관폭 6.80 m, 평균 가지각도는 18.82^º이었고 평균 통직성 등급은 2.58로 조사되었다. 수고생장에 있어서 075 및 052 가계가 우수하였던 반면에 0511 및 0517 가계는 불량한 것을 나타났다. 또한

관행재배구의 유기질 비료의 시용이 배 과실 품질에 미치는 영향 1970년대부터 소비자의 선호도가 높은 신고 품종 재배가 급증하기 시작하였고, 2002년 현재 전체 배 재배면적의 70%를 차지하고 있다. 추석이 빠를 경우 성숙이 덜된 과일을 수확하여 시장에 출하함으로서 품질이 좋지 않은 과일로 인하여 소비가 둔화되고 가격이 떨어져 동양배를 재배하고 있는 농가의 수입을 감소시키는 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 따라서 본 실험은 미생물이 들어있는 유기질비료

관행재배 과원의 토양에 여러 유기질 퇴비를 시비하였을 경우 배 과실의 품질특성의 차이를 구명하고자 실시하였다. 8년생 신고배에 쌀겨퇴비, 커피박퇴비, 키친퇴비(미생물지킴이(R)) 및 위의 3종 유기질 비료 복합 처리구를 배치하고 주당 10 kg 을 시비하였고, 대조구는 화학비료를 주당 60 g 시비하였다. 과실당도나 경도, 산도에서는 복합처리구에서 대조구보다 높았고 석세포 함량은 모든 유기질 비료처리구에서 대조구보다 낮았다. 과피와 과육에서의 D

Estimates of genetic gain (in volume growth) and diversity (expressed as status number, Ns) were determined in a clonal seed orchard of Pinus koraiensis. The genetic thinning was based on clonal breeding values (represented by general combining ability) obtained from progeny tests, clonal fertility estimated by strobilus production, and clonal size variation determined by the ramet numbers per clone. Parental GCA values for volume growth were calculated, based on height and diameter at breast height measured from field trials. Clonal fertility was estimated from the assessments of strobilus production over twelve years from 1991 to 2003, and used for the calculation of status number. There are 179 clones and 5,268 ramets in 12ha area of P. koraiensis clonal seed orchard. Genetic gain and diversity estimates were determined under assumptions of 30% pollen contamination and inferior genetic value of contaminating pollen. Genetic gain increased as thinning rates were set from 10% to 60%. However, for the higher thinning intensities, the increase of genetic gain was not remarkable. Genetic thinning by means of truncation selection resulted in a greater genetic gain but a large decrease in status number. Status number was represented around 40 clones for 10% through 60% thinning intensities, but for the higher thinning intensities, it was a bit fluctuated. Based on the present results, it could be concluded that thinning rate should not be stronger than 60% to optimize genetic gain while conserving genetic diversity. Consequently 50% or 60% thinning rate might be appropriate for genetic thinning in the clonal seed orchard of P. koraiensis. The effect of pollen contamination on the genetic gain and the consequence of genetic thinning for seed production in the clonal seed orchard, and seed orchard management scheme were also discussed.

The dichotomous-choice contingent valuation method is applied to estimate the landscape value of Jeju mandarin(orchard). A distribution-free approach, Turnbull empirical distribution model, is employed to solve negative willingness to pay and truncation problems. The data used are collected from the interviews with tourist about willingness-to-pay at the various donation amount levels of Jeju mandarin(orchard)'s landscape value. The evaluation result is shown that the average amount of willingness to pay for the Jeju mandarin's landscape value is 12,926 won per person with standard deviation of 1,874.7 won/person. When the number of Jeju visitors is considered, the economic value of Jeju mandarin's landscape rises every year(2005:64.89 billion won, 2011: 84.43 billion won). The average economic value of Jeju mandarin's landscape are estimated 59.65 billion won during 2000-2005 and 76.88 billion won during 2006-2011, respectively.

본 연구는 잣나무의 영양생장과 생식생장간의 상관관계를 구명하여 잣나무 채종원의 효율적 관리방안, 임목개량을 위한 선발기준 설정 및 우량품종 육성 등 금후 선발육종 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 잣나무의 영양생장 분석을 위하여 차대검정 결과로부터 재적생장에 대한 일반조합능력을 추정하였으며, 재적생장은 수령 8년, 10년, 15년 및 20년 때의 수고 및 흉고직경 생장으로부터 산출하였고 이를 10년 동안의 개화량 성적과 비교·분석하였다. 그 결과 재적생장에 대

Male and female strobilus production was assessed annually over a five-year period for a clonal seed orchard of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) in Korea. Clonal fertility and fertility variation, expressed by both sibling coefficient and coefficient of variation in strobilus production among 40 orchard clones, were reported. Fertility varied among clones and among years, producing five-year averages per ramet of 464.3 and 971.1 for female and male strobili, respectively. The correlation between female and male strobilus production was positive in each of the five years studied and statistically significant with the exception of one poor flowering year. The clonal status number (Ns), a measure of genetic diversity, was calculated based on the observed clonal fertility variation, varying from 27.6 (N = 40) in the poorest flowering year (2002) to 35.8 in the best year (2005). On average (pooled), the relative status number was 95% of the census number (N). Variation of female fertility was higher than that of male fertility for the five consecutive years, and the status numbers of female and male parents reflected this variation. The pooled Ns estimation from all five years was higher than any single year, implying that genetic diversity would increase when seeds collected from different years are pooled. Sexual asymmetry calculations showed that clonal contributions would be balanced between genders

In order to prevent cones from being damaged by cone insects, Gravitarmata margarotana and Dioryctria abietella, sprinkler system was installed on the Pinus koraiensis Seed Orchard. Such a test was conducted at Chung-ju, Chungcheong buk-do, Korea in 2002. Insectides of Diflubenzuron 25% WP ×2,500 and Cyfluthrin 2%EC × 1,000 were sprayed at fifteen-day and twenty-day intervals during the period of insects adult occurrence by sprinkler system. The Gravitarmata margarotana generally emerged for about 53 days from middle April to early June, and peak emergence was 10 days from April 20 to April 30. Dioryctria abietella generally emerged for about 108 days from late April to early August, and peak emergence was 10 days from May 20 to May 30. Damage rate of cones were 8.7~9.7% and 10.9~12.7% on average with crown insecticide spraying with Cyfluthrin and Diflubenzuron, while 67.5% when not treated. Control effectiveness of this insecticide spraying was 85.6~87.1% and 83.9%와 81.2%, respectively. When it considers the forest environment, it is recommended diflubenzuron which is low toxic pesticide. In conclusion, effectual times and number of diflubenzuron 25% WP application with sprinkler system against cone insects were from early May through late August and six times at twenty-day interval.