본 연구는 만성질환으로 외래서비스를 이용하는 환자를 대상으로 의 료기관 유형별 의료서비스 이용 경험을 조사하고, 만성질환자의 건강 결과를 실증적으로 비교 분석하여, 만성질환 관리의 효과적인 중재방안 마련에 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도되었다. 본 연구의 자료수집은 2023년 7월 1일부터 7월 31일까지 고혈압과 당뇨병 진단으로 보건소 와 의원, 종합병원의 외래서비스를 이용하고 있는 대상자 167명에게 면담을 통한 구조화된 설문지를 작성하여 자료를 수집하였고, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 통계프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과 고령의 취약계층은 의료기관 중 의원을 가장 많이 이용하고 있었고, 의료기관 유형별 이용경험의 결과는 의원이 가장 부정적이었다. 그러나 만성질환 관련 건강 결과는 의료기관 유형별로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러므로 보건소는 특히 취약계층 환자들의 보건의료 요구를 중시하고 공공보건 서비스를 효율적으로 제공해야 하며, 의원의 만성질환 관리 역량의 강 화를 위한 다양한 중재 방안 마련과 함께 국가 시범사업의 적극적 참 여를 유도할 수 있는 정책이 수립되어야 할 것이다.

Background: Outcome measures (OMs) are essential components of evidence- based practice as they help in implementing interventions and assessing changes in a patient's status before and after treatment. However, many therapists do not utilize OMs in their practice, and research on the factors that influence physical therapists' decisions regarding the use of OMs primarily consists of quantitative or survey-based studies. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to select research studies on OMs use among physical therapists through a systematic review, identify questionnaire characteristics, and assess the quality of items collection and research. Design: A systematic review. Methods: This study systematically collected survey studies on the use of OMs from five databases (KMBase, RISS, KCI, Pubmed, and Cochrane) based on the criteria of PRISMA's systematic review flowchart. The quality of the studies was assessed using the AXIS Tool. Results: A total of eight studies were selected. In most of the studies, the questionnaires were developed internally, validated through preliminary research, and reliability testing was not conducted. The items used within OMs were divided into 10 categories, with the highest frequency of questions centering around how to use OMs, and the lowest frequency regarding work environment and reasons. All eight studies were determined to be of good quality. Conclusion: The collected OMs questionnaires revealed variations in the item frequency. Future qualitative research and participant feedback are needed to develop a consistent questionnaire and validate its validity and reliability.

본 연구는 간호대학생을 대상으로 강점인식과 진로적응성과의 관계에서 결과기대의 매개효과를 규명하여, 간호대학생의 진로적응성을 증진시키기 위한 교육프로그램 개발에 기초자료를 제시하고자 수행 되었다. 연구대상은 G광역시와 J도에 소재한 대학교 3곳의 간호대학생 284명을 대상으로 하였다. 자료분 석은 SPSS/WIN 26.0프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson 상관분석 및 Baron과 Kenny의 3단계 매개 회귀분석을 이용하였고, Sobel test로 검증하였다. 진로적응성은 강점인식(r=.61, p<.001) 및 결과기대(r=.55, p<.001)와 정적 상관관계를 강점인식은 결과기대(r=.41, p<.001)와 정적 상관 관계를 보였다. 결과기대는 강점인식과 진로적응성 사이에서 부분매개효과를 나타냈으며(Z=3.85, p<.001), 강점인식 수준이 높을수록(β=.44, p<.001), 결과기대가 높을수록(β=.33, p<.001), 진로적응성 수준이 높 아지며, 진로적응성을 설명하는 설명력은 50%이었다. 간호대학생의 진로적응성 증진을 위해서는 개인에 대한 긍정적 사고로 강점을 인식하도록 할 뿐 아니라 바람직한 결과기대 형성을 위한 태도를 동시에 증진 시킬 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

The purpose of this paper is to understand how customer relationship termination (i.e., preparation and process), alone or in combination with customer involvement, contributes to the new product development outcome. While termination preparation has a synergistic effect with customer involvement, the termination process has a trade-off relationship with customer involvement.

Background: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model, created by the World Health Organization, provides a theoretical framework that can be applied in the diagnosis and treatment of various disorders. Objects: Our research purposed to ascertain the relationship between structure/function, activity, and participation domain variables of the ICF and pain, pain-associated disability, activities of daily living (ADL), and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP). Methods: Two-hundred patients with chronic LBP (mean age: 35.5 ± 8.8 years, females, n = 40) were recruited from hospital and community settings. We evaluated the body structure/ function domain variable using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Roland–Morris disability (RMD) questionnaire. To evaluate the activity domain variable, we used the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (QBDS). For clinical outcome measures, we used Short-form 12 (SF-12). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to ascertain the relationships among the variables (p < 0.05). All the participants with LBP received 30 minutes of conventional physical therapy 3 days/week for 4 weeks. Results: There were significant correlations between the body structure/function domain (NPRS and RMD questionnaire), activity domain (ODI and QBDS), and participation domain variables (SF-12), rending from pre-intervention (r = –0.723 to 0.783) and postintervention (r = –0.742 to 0.757, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The identification of a significant difference between these domain variables point to important relationships between pain, disability, performance of ADL, and quality in participants with LBP.

This study aims to analyze mediating effect of social outcome between value realization efforts and economic outcome of social entrprises. Data for the analysis is collected from Social Enterprise Promotion Agency. The results of anaylsis are first social value realization efforts had no positive effect on economic outcome of the social enterprises. But social outcome had a significant mediating effect between social value realization efforts and economic outcome. Through this, it was confirmed that although a social enterprise is a hybrid organization that must pursue both social and economic outcome, social value realization efforts go through a social outcome that affects economic outcome. mediating social performance This is expected to have implications for the role of social value realization efforts and social outcome in order to increase the economic outcome of social enterprises.

본 연구는 서로 다른 철학적 관점과 지침원리에 근거한 사회적 HRM 시스템과 경제적 HRM 시스템이 구성원의 태도와 행동 및 조직의 운영역량에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 한국직업능력개발원에서 조사하 는 인적자본패널(HCCP)의 2007년-2017년 원자료를 이용하여 분석한 결과 첫째, 사회적 HRM 시스템은 구성원의 태도와 행동 및 조직의 운영역량에 긍정적인 효과가 있음을 확인하였으나 경제적 HRM 시스템의 조직 운영역량에 관한 효과는 확인되지 않았다. 둘째, 사회적 HRM 시스템이 태도와 행동 및 운영역량 에 미치는 효과는 경제적 HRM 시스템의 효과보다 크다는 증거를 발견하였다. 셋째, 사회적 HRM 시스템 과 경제적 HRM 시스템 간의 정합성 효과는 발견되지 않았다. 즉, 사회적 HRM 시스템 및 경제적 HRM 시스템의 수준이 일치하는 경우가 어느 한쪽의 시스템 수준이 높거나 낮은 경우보다 조직 성과에 미치는 영향이 크지 않음을 확인하였다. 넷째, 사회적 HRM 시스템 수준과 경제적 HRM 시스템 수준이 모두 낮은 경우보다 두 시스템 수준이 모두 높은 경우에 조직 성과에 미치는 긍정적 효과가 더 높음을 실증하였다. 본 연구 결과는 사회적 HRM 시스템이 구성원의 기량을 향상시키고 동기를 부여하며 새로운 직무기회를 제공하는 실무관행을 통해 구성원의 태도와 행동 및 조직의 운영역량에 긍정적인 효과가 있음을 의미한다. 반면, 구성원 간의 경쟁을 기본 원리로 삼아 인적자본을 갖춘 스타인재를 확보하고 개인적인 인센티브를 통해 동기를 부여하는 경제적 HRM 시스템만으로는 조직 성과의 향상에 한계가 분명함을 시사한다. 또한, 사회적 HRM 시스템의 실무관행 간에는 상보적인 시너지 효과를 기대할 수 있지만, 경제적 HRM 시스템 내에서는 이와 같은 시너지 창출이 어려움을 암시하고 있다. 사회적 HRM 시스템이 경제적 HRM 시스템보다 효과가 높을 뿐만 아니라 두 HRM 시스템 간의 정합성 효과는 기대하기 어렵다는 본 연구의 결과는 이론적, 실무적 관점에서 증거 기반의 HRM 시스템을 구축하려는 기업에 중요한 시사점을 제공하고 있다.

Background: Stroke recovery is a long and complex process. Successful stroke recovery seems to be strongly associated with patients’ high motivation and committed participation. Patients’ motivation is a key determinant of successful rehabilitation outcomes, but it is difficult in defining and measuring. Patients’ participation is defined as the degree or extent to which subjects take part in rehabilitation activities and can be measured by observable behavior. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of patients’ level of participation in rehabilitation on functional outcomes in patients with stroke. Methods: Forty post-stroke inpatients participated in this study. The level of rehabilitation participation was measured by the Hopkins Rehabilitation Engagement Rating Scale (HRERS). Other measures used for the evaluation were the Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) and Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI). Overall measurements were made at early intervention and late intervention. Spearman correlation and multiple regression were used to measure the relationships between HRERS, RMI, and K-MBI. Results: The correlation found between HRERS total scores at early intervention and RMI total scores of late intervention was above moderate (r = 0.607, p < 0.01). RMI total scores at early intervention (p < 0.000), HRERS total scores at early intervention (p < 0.001), and disease duration (p < 0.003) were significant predictors of RMI total scores at late intervention. Conclusion: The level of participation at early intervention was associated with improvement in mobility. The level of mobility at early intervention, disease duration, and patients’ participation at early intervention were important determinants of functional outcome. These findings suggest that patients’ participation should be encouraged in order to achieve successful stroke recovery.

Objective: To evaluate item-factor structures of the 15 sensory items from the Survey of Pathways to Diagnosis and Services (Pathways) and examine the best fitting model. Methods: The study subjects were 1,968 children aged 6-17 years, who had ever been diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and/or Intellectual Disability (ID). Factor analyses and item response theory models were used to determine the best fitting item-factor structure of the sensory items. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQ) was used to test the concurrent validity of the sensory severity estimates. Results: A bifactor MIRT model (a general and four sensory factors) was selected as the best fitting model. All items statistically fitted to the bifactor model (p > .01) and showed moderate correlations with all five subscales of the SDQ (r s = .31 ~.51, p < .0001). The general sensory score differentiated the four different diagnostic groups (ASD, ID, ASD with ID, and no current symptoms) [F (3,1961) = 207.4, p < .0001]. Conclusion: The Pathways sensory items yielded reliable estimates of the general and each corresponding sensory factor by applying a bifactor MIRT model. The sensory score can be used as a valid sensory measure in the population survey.

Since social media has become an essential tool in the contemporary hotel industry, companies are now building social media communities to engage customers online (Leung & Bai, 2013) and to maintain satisfaction, trust, commitment, loyalty, and brand relationship quality (Harrigan, Evers, Miles, & Daly, 2017). Despite global hotel companies’ increasing adoption of social media platforms to promote customer engagement, research in this area is still sparse (Harrigan et al., 2017; So, King, & Sparks, 2014). To fill this gap, the authors developed a theoretical model incorporating two antecedents (hotel brand experience and customer involvement to social media) and a consequence (brand relationship quality) of customer engagement (CE) in the context of hotel brand communities embedded in social media. Additionally, the authors included hotel brand reputation (HBR) in the model as another predictor of brand relationship quality (BRQ). This study obtained data from a panel survey consisting of the responses of hotel customers who had stayed at one of ten famous hotel brands in the U.S. within the past 12 months and were simultaneously followers of the hotel brand’s page on Facebook. The findings reveal that both antecedents (ISM and HBX) positively and significantly influence CE and that hotel brand experience (HBX) has a stronger impact on CE than ISM. The findings also demonstrate that CE has the strongest, positive effect on BRQ, followed by HBX and HBR. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the relationship between HBX and BRQ is partially and significantly mediated by CE. This research provides theoretical and practical contributions to the field. First, unlike previous studies, the current study utilized the concept of CE with hotel brand communities embedded in social media as a mediator between HBX and BRQ and found partial and significant mediation effects. Second, the study identified two new and crucial antecedents of CE with brand communities embedded in social media—customer brand experience and customer social media involvement. Third, this study found brand relationship quality as one of the primary outcomes of customer engagement with hotel brand communities in social media. Lastly, the findings confirm that social media-based brand communities (i.e., Facebook) are one tool companies can use to build long-lasting customer-brand relationships.

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate outcome-based delivery care with simulation in nursing student. Methods: One group pre-post design was utilized. 155 participants consisting of nursing students was recruited. The data were collected from august 25 to december 5, 2015. Five hours thirty minutes of outcome-based delivery care with simulations was operated. Results: The item showing the lowest mean score was ‘verbal communication’, the highest mean score was ‘core basic nursing skills’. Conclusion: The findings suggest that it would be useful to use the outcome-based delivery care with simulation in nursing students.

인공지능이 효율적으로 기능하기 위해서는 저 작물의 대량적인 복제가 필수 불가결하다. 현행 저작권법의 규정에서는 이러한 목적에 의한 저작 물의 대량 복제가 가능한지에 대한 뚜렷한 해답이 없다. 복제행위 자체는 특정 서비스를 제공하는 조직 내부적으로 진행되고 복제물의 전송이나 배 포가 수반되지 않는 방식을, 종래의 규범적 복제 에서 배포나 전송과 같은 후속 이용행위가 복제에 따르는 여느 경우와는 구별하여 저작권 침해 책임 을 다르게 보아야 할지가 문제이다. 외국의 일부 관련 사례에서는 복제물의 전체적인 목적이 원본 의 전체적인 목적과 다르다는 이유로 공정이용의 성립을 인정하는 경향도 보인다. 우리 저작권법상 으로는 공정이용 면책, 저작물 이용과정에서의 일 시적 복제 면책 등을 우선 검토할 수 있다. 그러나 법적 안정성의 측면이나 예측 가능성의 측면에서 일본 저작권법이 도입한 데이터 마이닝에 관한 독 자적인 면책 규정과 같은 제도를 도입할 필요가 있는지에 관한 심도 있는 검토가 필요한 때이다. 한편, 현재의 인공지능 결과물은 그 질적 수준에 있어서 인간이 창작한 저작물과 잘 구별되지 않는 경우가 있다. 이러한 상황에서 인공지능 결과물에 대하여 아무런 법적 보호를 부여하지 않는다면 우 려할 만한 수준의 무임승차 문제가 발생하여 인공 지능 결과물을 만들어낼 유인이 존재하지 않게 되 거나, 이용자의 수요가 사람이 작성한 저작물을 떠나 인공지능 결과물로 이동하게 될 가능성이 있 다. 따라서 저작권에 의한 법적 보호의 필요성이 검토될 필요가 있는데, 누구를 권리자로 할 것인 가, 어떤 수준의 권리를 부여할 것인가 하는 문제 가 제기된다. 만약 법적 보호의 필요성이 인정된 다면 결과물을 저작하는데 필요한 준비를 한 사람 에게 권리자의 지위를 인정하고, 그 법적 보호의 수준은 저작권 보호의 수준을 하회하는 저작인접 권이나 데이터베이스에 대한 독자적인 권리의 수 준에 준하는 것으로 검토될 필요가 있다.

Patent management activities are considered to play a key role for technology-based firms under the recent knowledge-based economies. This is because intellectual property, including patents, can act as a system for continuous profit generation by protecting firms’ products, processes and services. In Korea, healthcare industry is now regarded as one of the promising next generation industries. Despite the promise of healthcare industry, Korean healthcare product manufacturers are faced with turbulent business changes, such as market opening. Even though there are various industrial studies on the effect of patent management activities on firm outcome, previous studies have hardly paid attention to Korean healthcare product manufacturing firms. For this reason, this study identifies the effect of patent management activities, such as patenting activeness, technical excellence and cooperation degree, on firm outcomes, including financial profitability and firm growth, with respect to the Korean healthcare product manufacturers. In this study, we located 86 Korean healthcare manufacturing firms from KORCHAMBIZ and DART, and then collected the data of their patenting activities and outcomes between 2001 and 2013. By applying factor analysis and regression analysis, our empirical study found that firms’ patenting activeness has the significant positive relationship on firms’ financial profitability, and firms’ patenting activeness and technical excellence have the significant positive relationship on firms’ financial growth. Our study is an initial attempt to identify the effect of patent management activities on firm outcome within Korean healthcare product manufacturing industry, and thus its results can be used as the basis to formulate national policies for Korean healthcare product industry.

Insects are among the most diverse groups of animals on the planet, representing more than half of all known living organisms. These insects are found in nearly every environment. Although humans regard certain insects as pests and attempt to control them using insecticides, most insects perform complex ecological functions, and provide either direct or indirect economic benefits to humans. Recently, the importance of insects used as food sources or as pets has increased in many countries, including Korea. In addition, several insects have a strong influence on people's emotion. Insect-mediated mental healthcare program is designed to help people who have disorders with physical, behavior and development. Children who have mental disorder, the experimental group that was provided with an insect-mediated mental healthcare program over a total of 8 sections, one section per week, 60 minutes per section, followed by pre-test and post-test. They responded to therapeutic effect after the completion of the program. Further research on the basis of this study is expected to help children with emotional therapy in other areas.

배경/목적: 2012년 급성췌장염의 애틀랜타 분류 개정안이 발표되었고 이후 널리 이용하고 있다. 본 연구는 1992년 애틀랜타 분류와 2012년 개정안을 이용하여 급성췌장염 환자를 분류한 후 임상경과를 비교하였다. 방법: 2012년 1월부터 2013년 7월 사이 대구경북지역 6개 대형 병원에 입원한 총 574명의 급성췌장염 환자를 대상으 로 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 1992년 애틀랜타 분류와 2012 년 개정안을 이용하여 중등도 평가를 시행하고 인구 통계 자료, 장기부전, 국소합병증, 입원기간, 임상경과 등을 분석하였다.결과: 대상 중 377명(65.7%)이 남성이었다. 연령의 중간값 은 55.4세였다. 급성췌장염의 2대 원인은 음주(238명, 41.5%)와 담석(193명, 33.6%)이었다. 2012년 개정안에 따르 면 경증췌장염은 356명(62%), 중등췌장염은 197명(34.3%), 중증췌장염은 21명(3.7%)이었다. 입원기간은 중증도 증가에 따라 통계학적으로 유의하여 증가하였다(경증 5.9일, 중 등 8.3일, 중증 13일, p <0.001). 모든 경증 및 중등췌장염 환자는 임상적으로 호전되었다. 하지만, 호전을 보이지 않은 11명은 모두 중증췌장염에 속했다. 결론: 애틀랜타 분류 개정안이 급성췌장염의 임상경과를 예측하는 데 있어 좋은 방법이다.

This study aims to observe effects of global R&D cooperation outcomes and global business abilities of small businesses by a national aid program. This study selected a program, Industry Technical Global Cooperation Project launched from Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT). Also, small businesses CEOs’ roll and efficiency are very important to increase outcomes and improve abilities of their companies. In this study, CEO’s global level or ability is regarded of small businesses’ global level. Then, this study shows positive effects between a national aid program and global R&D cooperation outcome and between global R&D cooperation outcome and global business abilities.

The inseparability, one of service specific characteristics, often makes it necessary and possible for customers to participate in service production and delivery process as partial employees or contributors. As customer participation may enhance or degrade the quality of services and customers’ satisfaction, many researchers have paid much attention to the concept of customer participation. Analogous to the typical classification of service employee behaviors, previous research typically categorized customer participation behaviors into customer participation behaviors and citizenship behaviors. Furthermore, past research showed that both types of customer behaviors significantly affect perceived service quality and satisfaction. However, the many criteria past research has used to classify customer participation behaviors lack conceptual rigor and generalizability beyond the specific types of services for which the criteria have been developed. The lack of conceptual rigor and consistency in classification criteria caused much confusion and incongruencies in empirical findings reported in the current customer participation behavior literature, depending on which specific criteria the researcher choose and on the specific type of service studied. Thus, it is important to develop a classification system of customer participation behaviors which is solid and generalizable to many types of services. This study proposes a customer participation behavior classification system which categorizes customer participation behaviors depending on 1) whether a customer behavior is essential and indispensable in the service production process and/or not and 2) whether a customer behavior is conducted voluntarily or upon requests by service employees. Based on the two criteria, the proposed system identifies five types of customer participation behaviors. Furthermore, this study examines whether the five types of customer participation behaviors affect the two dimensions of perceived service quality - outcome quality and process quality (Grönroos1984) and customers’ satisfaction with service experiences. Data for this study are collected through a survey of adult Korean consumers. Major findings of the study can be summarized as follows. First, increasing the level of each of the five types of customer participation behaviors affects perceived service outcome quality, perceived service process quality, and satisfaction. Second, the relative impact of each type of customer participation behavior varies by the types of participating customer’s personality and depending on whether a service is outcome-oriented or process-oriented type. Finally, the actual impact of each type of participation behaviors on perceived service quality and satisfaction varies according to what customers expect when they perform the behaviors.

This study aims at observing effect of global R&D cooperation outcome and global business ability of small businesses by national aid program. Also, this study aims to observe between national aid program and global R&D cooperation outcome. As a result, the national aid programs can be used to get global level technique and develop global markets. Also, the programs can positive effects to the small businesses for making global network and ability. They can be good methods for growing as global small businesses in the world.