In this study, the chemical properties and phenolic compound of blueberry, bokbunja and mulberry and their pomace were determined to develop them as functional food materials. Water content of individual whole berry was ranged from 84.25-86.20%, and water content was significantly high in whole berries rather than their pomace (p<0.01). Additionally, each berry and its pomace’s pH was 3.32-5.18. Among them, whole mulberry showed the highest pH which is 5.18 (p<0.01). Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were the greatest in blueberry pomace and they were 24.81 mg/g and 2.13 mg/g, respectively (p<0.01). However, mulberry pomace generated the greatest anthocyanin content compared to others (p <0.01). In phenolic compound profiles, cyanin chloride was detected in mulberry and bokbunja. Epigallocatechin, gallocatechin and isorhamnetin were found only in blueberry. Catechin (hydrate) and epicatechin were greater in pomaces than whole berries except blueberry (p<0.01), otherwise, significantly great rutin (trihydrate) and quercetin contents were found in whole berries as compared to their pomace except blueberry (p<0.01). Gallic acid was significantly greatest in mulberry (p< 0.01) and quercetin 3-D-galactoside was significantly greatest in blueberry (p< 0.01). Apigenin and luteolin were traced in mulberry, and mulberry pomace showed greater apigenin and luteolin contents than whole mulberry (p<0.01). Naringenin was greater in pomaces than whole berries (p <0.01). As a result, it was found that all berry extracts used in this study were able to be applied as

Flavonoids and total polyphenols are important secondary plant metabolites, as they play a role in reducing the oxidative stress caused by ROS In this study, we investigated for flavonoid contents, total polyphenol contents, and antioxidant activities in 27 accessions from 10 Vicia species. Among 27 vicia accessions, NAC17 (V. monantha) and NAC14 (V. hyrcanica) had the highest total flavonoid (1.42 ± 0.09 mg/g) and total polyphenol (124.2 ± 0.5 μg/GAE mg) contents, respectively. In four flavonoids, naringenin showed the highest concentrations in Vicia species. The DPPH and ABTS were the range from 0.2 (NAC24, V. sativa subsp. nigra) to 18.5 (NAC13, V. faba) μg/ASC mg and 19.1 (NAC7, V. cracca) to 253.4 (NAC13, V. faba) μg/Trolox mg, respectively. Among the 10 Vicia species, V. monantha and V. hyrcanica had the highest flavonoid (1.31 ± 0.09 mg/g) and total polyphenol (116.5 ± 2.0 μg/GAE mg) contents, respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was detected in V. faba. These results will expand the flavonoid database and provide information on Vicia species valuable for development of functional foods or feed-additives resources.

This paper attempted to elucidate pyrolysis reaction characteristics of waste paper laminated phenolic-printed circuit board (p-PCB). Thermogravimetric analysis was performed for the pyrolysis kinetic analysis of waste p-PCB and Pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was also employed to analyze the product distribution of waste p-PCB pyrolysis reaction under isothermal condition (230, 350, 600oC). Kinetic analysis and isothermal Py-GC/MS results showed that the pyrolysis reaction of waste p-PCB has three reaction temperature regions: 1) low temperature decomposition region (< 280oC), 2) medium temperature decomposition region (280 ~ 380oC), 3) high temperature decomposition region (> 380oC). At the first region, triphenyl phosphate used as fire retardant, water, and phenol were vaporized. At the second region, phenolic resin, tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBA), and laminated paper are decomposed and produce phenols, brominated compounds, and levoglucosan which were the specific pyrolysis reaction products of phenolic resin, TBBA, and laminated paper, respectively. In the final region, cresol and alkyl benzene were detected which can be considered as the decomposition products of phenolic resin. By above results, pyrolysis reaction pathway of waste p-PCB is accounted for a series reaction with four independent reactions of phosphate based frame retardant, TBBA, laminated paper, and phenolic resin.

이전 연구에서 포도 품종별 및 부위별 생리활성 물질을 분석한 결과 MBA 품종의 송이줄기 부위에서 transresveratrol 함량이 다른 품종에 비해 수십배 높았다. 이를 바탕으로 포도주 제조 시 버려지는 비가식 부위인 송이줄기 를 농도별로 첨가해 발효 중 발효액 및 포도주의 폴리페놀 함량을 조사하였다. 송이줄기 첨가량에 따른 발효액의 발효 중 적색도, 총안토시안 함량, 총폴리페놀 및 탄닌 함량은 발효후기로 갈수록 송이줄기 첨가에 따라 유의적으로 증가 하였고, 포도주에서도 같은 경향을 보였다. 반면 포도주의 휘발산 함량은 송이줄기 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 발효액 및 포도주의 폴리페놀 성분을 분석 한 결과 catechin(8.16∼23.08 mg/L)함량이 가장 높았으며 gallic acid(2.32∼3.28 mg/L), trans-resveratrol(1.38∼3.27 mg/L)및 ferulic acid(1.51∼1.59 mg/L) 순서로 함량이 높았 다. MBA 포도주의 항산화활성을 DPPH IC50로 측정한 결과 송이줄기 함량에 비례해 활성이 증가하였으며, 송이줄기 5% 첨가한 포도주(12 mg/L)는 ascorbic acid의 DPPH IC50 (67 mg/L)보다 낮은 농도에서 높은 항산화활성을 나타내었 다.

Antioxidant activity is important for reducing oxidative stress that causes various metabolic disorders. Metabolic disorders are highly related to loss of productivity in livestock. Therefore, development of effective antioxidant compounds originating from plants is important for organic agriculture. Phenolic compounds in edible plants are regarded as major components relevant to antioxidant activity. The present study investigated the changes in antioxidant activity and phenolic compound profiles of Aronia (Aronia meloncarpa) by fermentation using different strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. A total of 5 strains of L. mesenteroides were used as starter cultures and their β-glucosidase activities were measured. A total of 6 experiment runs were prepared, one for control (uninoculated) and the others (inoculated) for treatments. For biological activity, antioxidant and antibacterial activities were measured. For phenolic compound profiling, TLC and HPLC analysis were performed. The strains of KACC12313 and KACC12315 showed greater enzyme activity than others. Treatment with KCCM35046 showed strong and broad antibacterial activity against to Listeria monocytogenes. Treatments with KCCM35046 and KACC12315 showed the highest total polyphenol content. The highest antioxidant activity was found in KACC12315 treatment. No remarkable alteration was found in thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. In phenolic compound profiling analysis, KCCM35046 showed notable alteration in compound area ratio compared to others and also showed the highest caffeic acid content. In chlorogenic acid, treatments with KCCM35046 and KACC12315 showed great content than others. Treatment with KACC12315 showed the greatest content of trans-ferulic acid. As a result of relative performance indexing analysis, L. mesenteroides KCCM35046 and KACC12315 were selected as the best strain for the fermentation of Aronia.

This study investigated the changes of antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity of foxtail millet (FM) and proso millet (PM) by drainage methods in poorly drained sloping paddy field. The experimented soils in this study were very poorly drained (VPDP) and imperfectly drained paddy soil (IDP). Two drainage methods namely under pipe drainage (UPD) and open ditch (ODD) were installed within 1-m position at the lower edge of the upper paddy fields. The soil moisture contents of UPD and ODD on VPDP were 18.52±4.58 and 19.01±4.25%, and IDP were 14.87±4.82 and 18.64±3.85%, respectively. Generally, crop yields, proximate and minerals composition of FM and PM showed significant differences by drainage methods. The total polyphenol, flavonoid and tannin contents, and radical scavenging activity of the ethanolic extracts of FM and PM showed significant differences by drainage methods. The total polyphenol content of FM and PM by drainage methods was 1.69~2.30 and 1.18~1.35 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid content was 0.31~0.76 and 0.27~0.41 mg CE/g, and total tannin content was 0.36~0.54 and 0.21∼0.28 mg TAE/g, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of FM and PM was 39.53~59.81 and 27.91~40.25 mg TE/100 g, and ABTS radical scavenging activity was 113.59~152.10 and 61.38~79.19 mg TE/100 g, respectively. The antioxidant compounds and radical scavenging activity of FM and PM by drainage methods were frequently affected soil water.

Onion(Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important crops to the fresh vegetable spices and the food processing industry in Korea. To evaluate genetic variation in onion, major agricultural characteristics and biochemical characteristics such as flowering day, harvest day, brix and so on. Phenolic compound compositions were analyzed for 44 accessions. Accessions in white color was about 92% which is the largest one followed by standard criteria. The sweetness of juice ranged from 6.1 to 19.3(in brix), and Brix range of 117 accessions was from 10.1 to 14.0. High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to identify the phenolic profile and quantify phenolic content in bulbs: quercetin, quercetin 7, 4’-diglucoside, quercetin 3-glucoside and quercetin 4’-glucoside were detected as major components. The total Quercetin and Quercetin glycoside content ranged between 123.59 and 1155.84 mg/100mg bulb freeze dried weight. The quercetin contents was up to 16.7mg/100g, and 7.41mg/100g in average. It is expected that the result of this study can be used for breeding more competitive species with respect to contents in functional chemicals.

본 연구는 강릉, 대관령에서 재배된 아마란스 품종별로 수량, 생육특성, 항산화활성, 총페놀함량 그리고 유리아미노산의 차이를 조사하고 국내 적응이 가능한지 살펴보고자 실시하였다. 수량은 125~465 kg 10a-1의 범위였으며 RRC 1027 품종이 가장 많았다. 천립중은 0.42~0.82 g으로 아주 작았고 특히 Kerala Red 품종이 가장 가벼웠다. DPPH를 이용한 항산화 활성 분석에서 지역별로는 강릉과 대관령 사이의 유의차는 없었으나 품종별로는 유색품종인 Kerala Red가 가장 높았다. 총 폴리페놀 함량을 분석한 결과 994~1,732 mg kg-1의 범위를 보였다. 종실의 유리아미노산 함량 분석 결과 glutamic acid 30.5 mg 100 g-1, aspartic acid 26.1 mg 100-1, arginine 24.3 mg 100 g-1 순이었다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때 국내에서 아마란스 재배는 수량 등에서도 안정적이었고 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine 등 곡물에 부족할 수 있는 유리아미노산을 포함하고 있어 새로운 작물로 개발 가능성이 높을 것으로 기대된다. 그러나 항산화활성능을 측정하기 위하여 DPPH 방법 이외에 다른 방법을 모색할 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

시설오이로 많이 재배되고 있는 4 품종을 선발하여 생육단계별로 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량, 피부염증과 가려움증 관련 Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Malassezia furfur균에 대한 항균효과 그리고 tyrosinase 억제 활성에 대하여 비교 분석하였다. 총 페놀 함량은 장죽청장과 장형낙합 품종에서 늘푸른청장과 신조은백다다기 품종에 비해 상대적으로 다소 높게 나타났으며, 생육단계별로는 대부분 수확기에 이른 5단계에서 높은 함량을 보였다. 총 플라보노이드 함량은 조사된 오이 4품종 모두 생육단계별로 큰 차이를 나타내지는 않았다. 항균활성은 Staphylococcus aureus균에서는 장형낙합 품종이 모든 생육단계에서 상대적으로 높은 활성을 보였으며, Staphylococcus epidermidis균에서는 생육단계 및 품종에 따라 저해환이 8~12 mm로 항균성에 차이를 나타냈다. 또한 Malassezia furfur균에서는 장죽청장에서 항균활성이 높게 나타났으며, 특히 생육 3, 4단계에서는 저해환이 14 mm로 형성되어 가장 높은 항균효과를 보였다. 전체적으로 오이의 항균성은 Staphylococcus aureus균에서 비교적 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 오이 추출물의 tyrosinase 억제 활성은 장축청장과 신조은백다다기 품종에서 상대적으로 높은 활성을 보였으며, 다음으로 장형낙합 품종에서 비교적 높게 나타났지만, 늘푸른청장의 경우는 상대적으로 낮은 활성을 보였다. 또한 생육초기보다 수확기에 이르렀을 때 모든 품종에서 tyrosinase 억제 활성이 다소 높게 나타났다. 본 실험의 결과, 피부상재균 및 비듬균에 대한 오이의 항균성과 미백효능을 확인함으로서 향후 고부가가치 향장소재로서의 이용성을 더욱 증대시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

The objective of this study is to manufacture an efficient activated carbon fiber (ACF) assemblies filter. Cellulose acetate and phenolic resin were dissolved in acetone and coated on a 2 cm-long and 2 cm-wide stainless steel mesh. Various concentrations of cellulose acetate and phenolic resin in acetone solution were examined for the extent of coating on the stainless steel mesh using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), a surface area analyzer (BET) and a microscope. As a result, the best quality of coating on the stainless steel mesh was obtained with 2 wt,% cellulose acetate and 10 wt,% phenolic resin in acetone solution. The ACF filter was also impregnated with ZnCl2, KOH, H3PO4 and Na2CO3, respectively to enhance its adsorption capacity. Iodine number increased by impregnating with the chemical compound in the following order: KOH > ZnCl2> Na2CO3> H3PO4. Iodine numbers for the ACF filters impregnated with ZnCl2 (ACFz) and KOH (ACFK) were found to be 972 ~ 1,117 mg/g and 987 ~ 1,183 mg/g respectively.