본 연구는 일본 민주당 정권기에 이루어진 고교무상화 제도의 도입과 정에서 조선학교가 배제되고 자민당 정권기에 그 결정이 확정되기까지의 정치과정에 대해서 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 본 논문은 기존연구 에서 주목하지 않은 국내정치과정의 행위자들-정부, 정치가, 시민단체, 언론-에 초점을 맞춰 정치적 동학을 밝히고자 하였다는 점에서 선행연구 들을 보완하고 있다. 본 연구를 통해서 제시하고자 한 점은 다음과 같다. 조선학교에 대한 고교무상화의 적용은 국제인권규약이 정하고 있는 고등 교육의 보편적 적용을 위한 정책의 일환으로서 도입될 예정이었지만, 조 선학교와 조총련, 북한체제와의 연관성이 부각되면서 안보적 측면이 중 시된 결과 배제로 확정되어 이루어지지 못했다. 조선학교 배제문제는 일 본사회의 마이너리티인 재일조선인에 대한 인권(교육권, 학습권) 측면의 문제였지만, 북한에 의한 일본인 납치피해자 및 북송사업 피해자 등의 인권문제가 상대적으로 강조되면서 재일조선인의 인권에 대한 논의가 약 화되어간 과정이었다. 민주당 정권 초기 보편적 인권규범을 주장하던 정 치세력은 사회적 기반의 약화로 연계를 형성하지 못하였으며, 정부의 납 치문제담당성-보수계 시민단체의 연계가 해당 정책의 결정과정에 영향을 미쳤음을 알 수 있었다.

해양을 이용하려는 수요자 증가에 따라, 해양공간을 합리적으로 배분하기 위해 해양공간계획(Marine Spatial Planning)제도가 도 입되었다. 이 중 어업활동보호구역은 수산자원보호 등 어업활동 보호를 위해 지정되었다. 그러나, 어업활동보호구역을 주로 항해하는 어 선은 우리나라에서 발생하는 해양사고의 약 70 %를 차지할 정도로 위험에 노출되어 관리가 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 어업활동보호구 역 내 어선 통항 안전 확보를 위해 어업활동보호구역과 항만·항행구역에서 발생하는 해양사고를 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 해양용도구 역의 교통량을 조사하고 선종별, 사고 유형별, 톤수별, 사고원인별, 인명피해별로 해양사고를 조사하였다. 분석 결과 각 유형별 단위 면적 당 해양사고는 대부분 항만·항행구역에서 더 많이 발생하였으나 전체적으로 발생한 해양사고는 어업활동보호구역이 높았다. 특히 인명사 고가 많이 발생하여 통항 안전관리가 필요한 것으로 식별되었다.

The objectives of this study were to analyze the fish community structures and distribution characteristics of fisheries resources in the Osip Stream and Wangpi Stream, fishery resources protection areas. For the study, we conducted fish samplings four times in the two streams from April to October 2019. In Osip Stream and Wangpi Stream, we sampled 31 species and 29 species and the dominant species were Zacco platypus (28.6%) and Squalidus multimaculatus (41.7%), respectively. According to the life type of fish species, primary freshwater species were collected 18 species (58.1%) and 21 species (72.4%), and migration fishes were sampled 4 species (12.9%) and 6 species (20.7%) in Osip Stream and Wangpi Stream, respectively. Fisheries resources species showed high relative abundance in June, and the fish biomass was highest in October. As a results of comparing the previous studies with this study, both rivers showed high biodiversity and were found to maintain stable populations of fishes. According to analysis of tolerance guilds, the proportion of tolerant species, based on the number of individuals, was composed of 14.4% and 1.1% in Osip Stream and Wangpi Stream, respectively. This very low ratio of tolerant species confirmed that both streams have very good physiochemical environment conditions. From the above results, it was judged that the fishery resource protection areas of Osip Stream and Wangpi Stream have high ecological function and preservation value. For sustainable use and management of fishery resource protection areas of Osip Stream and Wangpi Stream, it is suggested that biological disturbance management, fish discharge projects considering environmental capacity, efforts to improve the habitat environment, and establishing a fishery resource protection areas management system were necessary as considerations.

Thermal protection systems (TPS) are a group of materials that are indispensable for protecting spacecraft from the aerodynamic heating occurring during entry into an atmosphere. Among candidate materials for TPS, ceramic insulation materials are usually considered for reusable TPS. In this study, ceramic insulation materials, such as alumina enhanced thermal barrier (AETB), are fabricated via typical ceramic processing from ceramic fiber and additives. Mixtures of silica and alumina fibers are used as raw materials, with the addition of B4C to bind fibers together. Reaction-cured glass is also added on top of AETB to induce water-proof functionality or high emissivity. Some issues, such as the elimination of clumps in the AETB, and processing difficulties in the production of reusable surface insulation are reported as well.

With the continuous upgrading of network technology and the gradual maturity of network environment, modern society provides good conditions for the modernization and information development of financial industry. Based on this, the modern development model of Internet plus finance is being built and improved, and has an impact on all aspects of people's life and production. With the Internet platform as the carrier, it is relatively convenient for consumers to purchase financial products and services, and the transaction cost is low, which fully meets the capital needs of small and medium enterprises, stimulates market transactions, and increases the transaction scale. Therefore, the Internet can play a key and important role in the rapid development of the financial industry. However, due to the relatively complex and risky Internet financial market, Chinese government lacks legal protection and financial supervision for the Internet financial consumers. Illegal activities such as false publicity, personal information disclosure and fraud occur frequently on Internet financial platforms, and the interests and rights of Internet financial consumers cannot be guaranteed absolutely . These financial consumers are the main participants in the development of the industry and the driving force of market development. This paper mainly uses literature review method and comparative research method to study how to improve the protection of consumer rights and interests and maintain the healthy and stable development of the financial market. So that consumers can achieve their interests under the development of the industry, and their interests can be guaranteed absolutely .Finally, it is concluded that it is necessary to combine the characteristics of the Internet industry to formulate relevant consumer rights and interests protection laws and establish its related legal system. Chinese government Should be fully learn from advanced development models and ideas of other countries. Finally, combined with its own development trend and current situation, improve the supervision of financial institutions.

The audience is a powerful lever to measure whether the protection of intangible cultural heritage is more real or more effective. The audience protection of the intangible cultural heritage refers to the various protection measures taken for the audience to promote the protection effect of the intangible cultural heritage. Through the analysis, the paper determines the audience of the intangible cultural heritage, and determines the importance of the audience in the protection of the intangible culture. Through the analysis of the theory of “use and satisfaction” of communication theory, the paper finds that the audience of Chinese intangible cultural heritage has made some achievements: a number of laws and regulations to protect the audience, and many intangible cultural heritage has its own stable audience groups and audience publicity channels began to take shape. At the same time, it is also found that there are many problems in audience protection, such as not having a legal system specifically for audience protection, the difficulty of matching audience needs and protection measures, and insufficient community participation. On this basis, we can further analyze the needs of the audience of the intangible cultural heritage, and find out that the audience has the needs of cultural identity, the needs of culture and knowledge, the needs of entertainment and interpersonal communication, and the needs of aesthetic and emotional catharsis. Then determine the path of audience protection of intangible cultural heritage, including: the establishment of a special legal system for audience protection. Build the audience protection strategy according to the audience needs. Rooted in the community, the community becomes the base to meet the needs of the audience.

Domestic nuclear facilities establish a physical protection system to respond to illegal transfer of nuclear materials and sabotage to nuclear materials and nuclear facilities, and operate a security search system in order to prevent the entry of controlled items into the facility. X-ray security search is also the most widely used for such security search. Since 2018, Korea Institute of Nuclear Nonproliferation and Control (KINAC) has developed the “X-ray security screening Web-Based Training Program (XWBT)” and has been using it in the physical protection education. The XWBT contains about 700 X-ray images of the item, and can learn X-ray images by type or package of the item. In addition, trainees can practice reading the X-ray image of the item or package, looking for controlled items, and determining whether the item could be passed or opened. However, there is a limit to Web-Based X-ray training program alone. This is because even if the same item is contained in the same bag, the X-ray image could be varied depending on the direction, angle, and other items in the package. Therefore, in addition to XWBT, X-ray reading practice education for actual luggage should be conducted in parallel. In addition, trainees should be familiar with various images through repetitive X-ray reading practice training so that they should be able to intuitively read X-ray images and find controlled items. Therefore, securing educational time is essential to produce skilled trainees. Korea Aviation Security Academy (KASA), which produces professional security inspectors, has established and operated a “Security search education filed for actual luggage” where trainees can pack their own bags, read X-ray images, and practice whether there are controlled items packed. In addition, KASA provides 40-hour training for security search personnel, which focuses on improving the practical skills that security search personnel must have. This study describes the current status of “X-ray Security Search” of Physical Protection Education for security personnel and presents course improvements through the case of KASA.

Sabotage on nuclear power plants are of great national and social significance and long-term damage, the IAEA’s “Nuclear Security Recommendations on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities (INFCIRC/225/Rev.5) provides a standard direction for physical protection of their nuclear facilities in almost all member countries, including Korea and the United States. In the United States, Federal Law 10 CFR Part 73, Sections 73.40 to 73.57 specify requirements for physical protection of nuclear power plants, performance criteria, physical protection systems and components thereof, core information, and physical protection for key activities related to nuclear power plant operations. Accordingly, the USNRC carefully examines whether the plant meets the physical protection objectives and criteria set out in SRP 13.6.2, whether the core area/protection area is properly set up to protect against internal and external physical attacks, sabotage threats, and what design measures and facilities are being set up for these areas. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS), established in 2002 following the 2001 World Trade Center attacks, authorized federal, local governments, and authorities National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP) to protect facilities from terrorist attacks and man-made physical attacks in 2007. NIPP clarifies the great principles and governance of the physical protection of national infrastructure in the United States presented by DHS. There are many physical protection design guidelines and technical standards for preventing attacks from terrorists or internal and external sabotage attackers, improving the viability of mitigating the damage in case of emergency, and achieving efficient recovery from such damage. Particularly important, small-scale damage/damage at a particular location of a major facility is extended to the entire facility, resulting in asymmetrical large-scale damage, so-called “Progressive Collapse” under initial attack loads, minimizing local damage, and protecting the building’s integrity through isolation from other structural components. Consequently, this paper deal with physical protection system design on Unite states standards and practices for applying to physical protection system design in Republic of Korea.

보충적 보호제도는 난민협약이 정의하는 난민 인정사유에는 부합하지 않지만 난민과 유사한 상황에 처해 국제적 보호가 필요한 이들을 지원하 는 제도다. 유럽연합은 보충적 보호제도의 기준을 확립하고 회원국들은 이에 근거해 제도를 운영하고 있으나 한국의 보충적 보호제도는 여전히 기준과 정의가 불분명하고 난민과 비교할 때 제공되는 처우가 지나치게 열악하다는 지적이 제기돼 왔다. 본 연구는 난민 수용에 오랜 역사를 지 닌 스웨덴의 보충적 보호제도를 분석하고 이를 통해 한국의 제도개선을 위한 시사점을 도출하는 데 목적이 있다. 스웨덴은 2005년 「외국인법」을 제정하면서 난민지원과 별도로 보충적(대안적) 보호제도를 운영해 왔다. 시리아 내전 등 대규모 난민 발생상황이 지속되면서 스웨덴의 난민 정책 도 과거에 비해 축소되는 경향을 보이지만 그럼에도 불구하고 여전히 보 충적 보호지위 인정자에게 여러 권한과 혜택을 제공하고 있다. 본 연구 는 스웨덴의 보충적 보호제도 분석을 근거로 한국의 보충적 보호 지위와 인도적 체류 지위를 분리해 별도의 자격과 권한을 부여해야 함을 제언했 다. 또한 보충적 보호지위 인정자의 권한을 강화해 이들의 사회통합을 도모할 것을 제언했다.

The purpose of this study was to develop a 3D mesh-type impact protection pad with excellent motion adaptability and functionality by applying 3D printing technology. The hexagonal 3D mesh, which constitutes the basic structure of the pad, comprises two types: small and large. The bridge connecting the basic units was designed as the I-type, V-type, IV-type, and VV-type. After evaluating the characteristics of the bridge, it was found that the V-type bridge had the highest flexibility and tensile elongation. The hip joint pad and knee pad were completed by combining the hexagonal 3D mesh structure with the optimal bridge design. The impact protection pad was printed using a fused deposition modeling-type 3D printer with a filament made of thermoplastic polyurethane material, and the protection pad’s performance was evaluated. When an impact force of approximately 6,500N was applied to the pad, the force attenuation percentage was 78%, and when an impact force of approximately 8,000N was applied, the force attenuation percentage was 75%. Through these results, it was confirmed that the 3D-printed impact protection pad with a hexagonal 3D mesh structure connected by a V-shaped bridge developed in this study can adapt to changes in the body surface according to movement and provides excellent impact protection performance.