Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are an auspicious energy conversion technology with the potential to address rising energy demands while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The stack’s performance, durability, and economy scale are greatly influenced by the materials used for the PEMFC, viz., the membrane electrocatalyst assembly (MEA) and bipolar flow plates (BPPs). Despite extensive study, carbon-based materials have outstanding physicochemical, electrical, and structural attributes crucial to stack performance, making them an excellent choice for PEMFC manufacturers. Carbon materials substantially impact the cost, performance, and durability of PEMFCs since they are prevalently sought for and widely employed in the construction of BPPs and gas diffusion layers (GDLs)) and in electrocatalysts as a support material. Consequently, it is essential to assemble a review that centers on utilizing such material potential, focusing on its research development, applications, problems, and future possibilities. The prime focus of this assessment is to offer a clear understanding of the potential roles of carbon and its allotropes in PEMFC applications. Consequently, this article comprehensively evaluates the applicability, functionality, recent advancements, and ambiguous concerns associated with carbonbased materials in PEMFCs.

몰입은 내적동기와 관련성이 큰 개념으로 스포츠심리학에서 스포츠 수행에 있어 긍정적인 요소 로 여겨진다. 몰입과 중독의 상관관계에 대한 연구들이 선행되었지만, Flow와 Commitment의 개념이 혼동 돼 사용되었다. 또한 몰입이 장기적으로 미치는 영향에 대해서는 충분한 연구가 이루어지지 않았다. 따라 서 본 연구는 선행연구들을 통해 몰입의 중독성을 확인하였으며, 기존의 연구들과 다르게 장기적으로 몰입 이 내적동기를 저하시킬 수 있다는 새로운 가설을 제시하고자 한다. 적응수준 이론과 한계효용체감의 법칙의 관점에서는 몰입을 통해 얻는 만족감이 지속적으로 감소하게 된다. 어느 시점에서 이러한 개인의 발전은 한 계를 느끼게 되며, 몰입을 경험하지 못하는 시점에 도달하게 된다. 하지만 개인은 몰입을 다시 경험하고자 하는 욕구가 존재하므로 지속적으로 노력할 것이다. 그러나 몰입 경험의 실패로 이어질 때 반복적인 실패는 슬픔으로 작용하여 내적동기를 약화시키게 된다. 따라서, 본 연구를 통해서 몰입의 부정적인 요소와 장기 적인 관점에서 미치는 영향에 대한 연구들이 필요하다고 사료된다.

본 연구에서는 한옥의 해석모델 구축을 지원하고, 구축된 해석모델의 활용도를 높이고자 이를 활용한 가상현실 소프트웨어를 개발 하였다. 한옥의 구조해석 모델은 범용 구조해석 소프트웨어인 midas Gen으로 생성하고, 이를 문자기반 입력파일로 변환한 후 본 연구 에서 개발된 소프트웨어에서 한옥 해석모델의 검토에 필요한 자료들을 저장한다. 개발된 가상현실 소프트웨어 내에서 3차원으로 표 현된 한옥의 해석모델은 시점을 변경하며 살펴볼 수 있고 특정 부재를 선택하여 관련된 자료를 확인할 수 있다. 이러한 과정을 통해 해 석모델의 오류를 확인 및 수정하여 완결된 해석모델을 구축할 수 있다. 개발된 소프트웨어는 3개의 한옥 사례에 적용하여 그 적용성 과 효용성을 검증하였으며, 구조분야 이외의 타 분야에서도 활용될 수 있다.

가스 분리 방법 중에서도, 멤브레인을 이용한 CO2 포집 및 분리는 지속적으로 개발되고 있는 꾸준히 성장하는 분 야이다. 이온성 액체(IL) 기반 복합 막은 CO2를 분리하는 데 있어 우수한 성능값을 보여준다. 유사하게, 다양한 공중합체/IL 복합막 또한 향상된 성능을 보여준다. 이러한 공중합체/IL 복합만에 산화그래핀과 같은 필러를 첨가하면 IL과 유기 필러 사 이에서 발생하는 강한 상호작용으로 인해 필러의 효과가 더욱 향상되며, 이는 결과적으로 CO2의 친화도, 선택도 및 흡착과 같은 요소를 향상시킨다. 금속-유기 구조체(MOF)를 사용하는 공중합체/IL 복합 막은 향상된 CO2 투과도를 보여주었다. 이 총설에서는 이온성 액체와 공중합체복합막의 다양한 조합에 따른 이산화탄소분리성능에 대한 상관관계를 논의한다.

PURPOSES : This study proposes a framework for promoting future expressway remodeling projects by reviewing similar overseas cases and comparing them with current Korean expressway remodeling projects. METHODS : Based on a literature review, this study examines the major issues in expressway remodeling projects and proposes the development of a framework for establishing and promoting such projects. This framework provides detailed guidance by categorizing the project into legal system adjustments, traffic management plans, and social consensus. RESULTS : The diagnosis of issues in domestic expressway remodeling projects revealed significant problems in conceptual aspects, criteria for project evaluation, formulation of traffic diversion strategies, and deficiencies in related legal frameworks. To address these issues, a framework for advancing future remodeling projects was established based on the results of overseas case studies. CONCLUSIONS : As roads deteriorate, the demand for remodeling projects to restore them increases. However, the current implementation of remodeling projects lacks systematic procedures. This study serves as foundational research for establishing an environment conducive to the smooth progress of such projects. By initiating subsequent research, conditions for the smooth progress of remodeling projects are expected to be established.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease that arises from an abnormal increase in histiocytes. Due to its rare occurrence, the diagnosis of LCH is often delayed or missed. This report presents a case of LCH in a 16-month-old girl. After biopsy, the patient’s previous medical records were obtained. The records described the presence of a yellowish plaque on the forehead since birth, a characteristic feature of LCH. Earlier knowledge of this medical history would have helped facilitate the diagnosis of LCH. This report aims to inform clinicians of the clinical and histopathological features of LCH in order to aid in the early diagnosis of this disease, which can occur in infancy.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor originating from the salivary gland. The gradation of MEC is determined histologically based on cellular composition, with high-grade MEC presenting with distinct characteristics and clinical implications. A 56-year-old male presented with a 3-month history of right facial swelling and a recent onset of pain. A subsequent biopsy confirmed a malignant epithelial tumor, with further imaging assisting in determining the surgical approach. Comprehensive surgery, involving the removal of the right submandibular gland and reconstructive procedures, was undertaken. Histopathological evaluation post-surgery confirmed a high-grade MEC. The differentiation between inflammatory conditions and neoplastic lesions in the orofacial region can be challenging. The gradation of MEC is important in guiding therapeutic decisions. Among various classification systems, the Brandwein system offers detailed histopathological criteria that correlate reliably with clinical features. High-grade MECs, although less frequent, are aggressive and have a lower 5-year survival rate. Accurate histopathological diagnosis is crucial in devising an effective treatment plan. The presented case underlines the importance of a meticulous yet periodic follow-up, considering the aggressive nature of high-grade MECs.

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 뇌성마비 아동 및 청소년에게 보조공학을 사용한 글씨쓰기에 관한 연구를 분석하여 글씨쓰기 연 구에서 활용되고 있는 보조공학과 중재 프로그램의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 2011년부터 1월부터 2023년 7월까지 DBpia, Kiss, earticle, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, PubMed, 구글 스칼라를 이용하여 뇌성마비 아동 및 청소년에게 보조공학을 사용한 글씨쓰기 중재에 대한 논문을 검색하였으며, 1차 검색 된 2,886편의 논문 중 선정기준 및 배제기준에 따라 6편의 논문을 최종 선택하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 선정된 6편의 논문 중 무작위 대조군 연구 1편, 비무작위 비교연구 2편으로 근거수준 1-2단계에 해당하는 연구가 3편이었다. 글씨쓰기 연구에 사용된 보조공학의 종류는 컴퓨터 접근장치가 4편(키보드 변형 3편, 스위치와 포인팅 기기, 소프트웨어 프로그램 사용 1편), 3차원의 반복적인 움직임을 통해 글씨쓰기를 연습하는 보조로봇 1편, 이축 연필(biaxial pencil) 등 변형된 필기도구를 사용한 연구가 1편이었다. 컴퓨터 보조공학 중재와 보조로봇을 적용한 5편의 연구에서 작업치 료사가 글씨쓰기 중재를 제공하였다. 컴퓨터 보조공학 중재 결과 종속변인인 문자입력 속도와 정확도가 향상되었으며, 부모만 족도와 목표달성 정도가 높게 나타났다. 결론 : 뇌성마비 아동 및 청소년에게 글씨쓰기에 사용되고 있는 보조공학과 효과적인 중재방법과 치료 효과를 확인했다는 데 의의가 있다.

목적 : 본 연구는 치매 환자들에게 적용할 수 있는 디지털 매체를 활용한 회상치료의 중재 방법과 효과를 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 본 연구에서는 Google Scholar, Pubmed에서 제공되는 연구논문들 중 2012월 1월 부터 2021년 12월 까지 발표된 자료를 수집하였다. 포함 및 배제기준을 적용하여 6개의 논문이 분석대상으로 사용되었다. 이 연구들은 연구의 근거기반 질적 수준 분석모델에 따라 분류하였고 PICO로 정리하였다. 검색어는 “치매” AND “회상치료”, “dementia” AND “reminiscence therapy” AND “media” OR “digital” OR “app”로 사용하였다. 결과 : 디지털 회상치료에 대한 연구는 2015년, 2016년, 2020년은 각각 1편, 2021년은 3편, 총 6편으로 이루어져 있으 며, 태블릿을 활용한 회상치료, 디지털 소프트웨어를 활용한 회상치료, 디지털 동영상을 활용한 회상치료, VR기기를 활 용한 회상치료 등 다양한 매체를 활용하여 중재에 적용하였다. 디지털 회상치료를 적용하였을 때, 우울 감소, 삶의 질, 인지기능 향상의 효과가 가장 많았으며 평가도구는 MMSE(Mini-Mental State Examination)가 가장 많이 사용된 것 을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론 : 디지털 매체를 활용한 회상치료의 중재 방법과 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 태블릿을 활용한 회상치료, 디지털 소프 트웨어를 활용한 회상치료 등이 있었으며 우울 감소, 삶의 질 향상 등의 효과가 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 추후 연구에서는 디지털 매체를 활용한 회상치료 간의 비교를 통해 어떠한 디지털 매체가 회상치료에 적용되었을 때 더 효과 가 있는지 비교연구가 활발히 이루어지기를 기대한다.

The tribe Tropidocephalini Muir, 1915 (Delphacidae: Delphacinae) comprised 37 genera 204 species worldwide. In Korea, only three species, Epeurysa nawaii Matsumura, 1900, Tropidocephala brunnipennis (Distant, 1906), T. nigra (Matsumura, 1900), have been reported. In this study, one species, Epeurysa distincta Huang & Ding, 1979, is reported for the first time from Korea. We provide the morphological characteristics, photographs and taxonomic keys of the four species belonging to the tribe Tropidocephalini.

A taxonomic study of Korean Psammodiini is present. Seven species [Rakovicius coreanus (Kim), Leiopsammodius japonicus (Harold), Psammodius flavolittoralis Kim, Psammodius hangangensis Kim, Psammodius sungshinarum Kim, Rhyssemus inscitus (Walker), Trichiorhyssemus asperulus (Waterhouse)] belonging to five genera are recognized based on morphological characters. A pictorial key, habitus photographs and illustrations of the diagnostic characters of Korean Psammodiini species are provided to facilitate identification.

The subfamilies Hypenodinae and Boletobiinae has various size with wingspan 5.5-28mm, belonging to the family Erebidae. They are mainly distributed the Palaearctic region, including temperate zone. Host plants of them are known as fungi and lichen etc. Some larvae live with lichen on their bodies. The subfamily belongs to subfamily is the Noctuoidea, containing more than 42,500 species. Accordingly, a unified high-level classification system could not be established due to the different opinions among the researchers and perspectives on the characteristics of each taxon. Recently, Zahiri et al. (2011, 2012) established the taxonomy of the family Erebidae, based on the molecular phylogenetic study. As we know, there has been a lot of confusion regarding the taxonomic positions of subfamily with allied taxa according to the complicated upper taxonomic system. Thus, this study is aimed to review and discuss the taxonomic history of the groups in this study.

The genus Halictus Latreille, 1804 and Seladonia Robertson, 1918 are nearly cosmopolitan group, consisting of more than 206 described species worldwide except Antarctica region. In previous taxonomic and phylogenetic research, this genus regarded as a sister group of genus Halictus. In this study, a total of two genera seven species were reviewed from Korean peninsula (three Halictus, four Seladonia) with three new records (Halictus hedini hedini, Seladonia confusa, S. henanensis). A key to species and images of adult are provided.

The genus Margarinotus Marseul, 1854 is one of the highly diverse groups of Histeridae (Histerinae), consisting more than 100 described species in the world. About 80 species are known to distributed in Palaearctic region, among them, 11 species have been reported from Korea. In this study, we report a new species, Margarinotus pseudoboleti sp. nov. and a new record, Margarinotus yezoensis Ôhara from Korea. Also, we provide a revised taxonomic key for Korean Margarinotus, including above two species and images of adults.

The genus Hilara is one of the largest group in the family Empididae. It is usually found on the water surface, banks of rivers, streams, lakes or ponds and damp forests. The genus Hilara was established by Meigen in 1822, based on the type species Hilara maura (Fabricius, 1776). In this study, the genus Hilara is reported for the first time in Korea. A total of 6 species was recognozed in korea. Amog them, 3 new species of the genus Hilara Meigen: Hilara sp. nov. 1, Hilara sp. nov. 2 and Hilara sp. nov. 3 Hilara sp. nov. 4 and Hilara sp. nov. 5 are described as new to science. Also, one species, Hilara echinata Frey, is reported for the first time from korea. Adults and genitalia were examined and illustrated with a key to the genus Hilara in Korea and DNA barcodes, when available.

This study was conducted to review of the genus Bucculatrix Zeller, 1839, belonging the family Bucculatricidae of the superfamily Gracillarioidea from Korea. The genus Bucculatrix was comprising more than 300 species worldwide. In Korea, only two species have been reported to date. In this study, a total of 10 species are recognized from Korea. Among them, five species, Bucculatrix sp. nov.1, Bucculatrix sp. nov.2 and Bucculatrix sp. nov.3, Bucculatrix sp. nov.4 and Bucculatrix sp. nov.5 are described as new to science. Also, three species: B. duanwuia Liu, 2020, B. tsurubamella Kobayashi, Hirowatari & Kuroko, 2010 and B. splendida Seksjaeva, 1992 are reported for the first time from Korea. All available information, host plants and images of adults and genitalic structures for species is provided.

As a result of our taxonomic study of the genus Epistrophe (Walker) in Korea, we recognized a total of 16 species including seven putative new species (code names are temporarily given from A to F). We also conducted a DNA barcoding analysis of 25 nominal species and 130 samples of Epistrophe. In our barcoding analysis, despite insufficient bootstrap support, Epistrophe formed a cluster with two genera, Epistrophella and Leucozona, topologically supporting their close relationships. Our analysis also showed some interesting results worthy of attention: First, at least two distinct cryptic species were found within the E. grossulariae cluster. Second, the taxon identified as E. nitidicollis seems to represent at least three distinct species. Third, three BOLD-deposited European samples listed as E. olgae showed almost identical barcode sequences with the European E. nitidicollis.

Erebidae is one of the most diverse families within Lepidoptera. Erebinae is one of its subfamilies that stands out for having a remarkable diversity, which complicates its taxonomic classification. It exhibits a high degree of global diversity, with many yet-to-be-explored faunal aspects. In this study, we review the historical classification of Erebinae and incorporate the latest molecular phylogenetic analyses alongside traditional morphological groupings. Furthermore, we present a detailed list of Erebine tribes and species found in Korea, highlighting the literature and morphological characteristics employed in grouping genera within these tribes. This study aims to advance our understanding of Erebinae’s complex taxonomy and biodiversity.