This paper was made for the purpose of research for direction on earth science subject matter of high school in Korea. For this purpose, we 1) reviewed the essence of science and goals and contents of science education, 2) reviewed the change of education of earth science subject matter, 3) investigated earth science teacher's opinion by questionnaire. The results were as follows: 1. Earth science subject matter must provide to students scientific process and knowledge - Process : to promote student's concerns for an interest in nature surrounding them, to help students develop and method in solving problems and its application for problem solving, recognition of variables of scientific method, to promote fundamental experiment and skills for scientific inquiry, etc. - Knowledge : provide systematic knowledge than simple rote, to help students understand concepts of recent scientific knowledge, contains STS, etc. 2. Earth science education must consider educational philosophy and educational psychology education of scientific literacy, partial professional education, conformity of development stage, sequence between school levels, attitudes to adaptation of scientific knowledge, method, skills and problem solving toward future positive attitudes to science, moral sense of science, minimum essense and difference of lines, open of upper limit, understanding the specific character of earth science, scientific knowledge development continuously, relationships of other subject matter, etc.

We investigate the forms, the inquiry levels and the objective types in the inquiry activities of the Earth Science text book (Science I HA) that was reorganized at March, 1988 from the eight publishers, according to the reference of Schwab's(1966) inquiry level of experiment and the Klopfer's (1971) classification of objectives of science education. Ninty seven percents of the experiments belong to the 1st level of the Schwab' s(1966) inquiry level and there are no activities of the 3rd level. On the basis of Klopfer's classification, ninty eight percents of the inquiry objectives are included in the only four kinds (A.O, B.O, D.O, G.O) of the nine objectives, and the rest (C.O, E.O, F.O, H.O, I. O) of the important objectives that are indispensable to the inquiry process seems to be exclusive. Conclusively speaking, the inquiry ability of the students may not be cultivated by the experiments in present text-book.

When the educational curriculum that was established and proclaimed by the Ministry of Education in fact apply on the spot of education, to estimate that the intended objectives is being achieved and what should be improved by all means needs for the revise of a educational curriculum and the improvement of a instruction-study process. Here upon, I will try to carry out a part of research about the actual condition for the applience of a educational curriculum by analysis of the relation between the educational objectives and the achievement in the Geology unit of current high school science text book I (1988).

The earth science was set down as a regular subject of high-school curricilum in 1956 and has been constantly transited since then. This study is to discover the theoretical basic of science education by analyzing the background of formation of the curriculum and the process of transition. The aim of this study is to give an important suggestions for the future Earth Science Education. The summary of the study and suggestions for the sixth amendment of Earth Science curriculum are as follows 1. To promote the development of Science Education, Science subjects should be decided to be a compulsory subject by authority and supported financially. 2. It is necessary that the Earth Science be selected as a required subject in both human and natural course ; at least 4 unit for the human study course, and 8 unit for the natural course. 3. In the sixth amendment of curriculum the Earth Science should be fixed as a regular compulsory subject and both experiment and practice should be reinforced.

The purpose of the present study is to figure out the characteristics and differences among eight textbooks of high school Science I B (Earth Science) among all currently used high school Earth Science textbooks (Science I B and Earth Science) published in accordance with the fifth amended high school curriculum by comparing and analysing the contents in them The conclusions are as follows 1. The contents of each unit are not much different among textbooks since they are written according to the curriculum ordinance and textbook guidelines of the Ministry of Education. However, the contents and the sizes of the newly introduced unit 1 on $quot;Exploration of the Earth$quot; are found to vary significantly from one to another. This unit is also found to be rather formally and inattentatively written. 2. In many instances certain identical concepts and phenomena are found to be described using different terminology in different textbooks. 3. Some physical quantities are found to be described in different ways for the identical conceps and phenomena in different textbooks. 4. The amount of pages devoted to each field is found to be ordered as follows : Geology, Astronomy, Meteorology, Geophysics, Oceanography, etc. However, the relative amounts vary significantly among different textbooks with exceptions of textbooks A and D. This is believed to be caused by preponderence of authors in certain fields instead of balanced composition. Therefore, the education authorities are urged to unify the terminology and physical quantities that are used differently for identical concept and phenomena by consulting with textbook writers and professional institutions so that efficient teaching and learning can be achieved in the school. In addition, considering the multi-science nature of Earth Science which emphasizes the interdisciplinary approach as well as the importance of Earth Science as a basic science, the textbook should be written without preponderating of certain field over others.

The aim of this study is to provide useful advices and basic data for the future Earth Science Education by analyzing the High School Earth Science textbooks. The analysis included 1) whether the contents of the textbook are properly selected suiting with Piaget's Intellectual development stage 2) whether the basic concept and successive concept are properly selected and organized. This study arrived at the following conclusions. 1) The greater part of highschool students are not able to think the formal operation when they are in need of thinking power in formal operation in the study of 48.696 of curriculum. 2) The contents of Earth Science textbook should be developed naturally from the concrete operation stage to the formal operation stage, but the methods of approaching curriculum are scattered through out the textbook. 3) There are many lessons that can't be practiced in laboratory. The textbook should be developed naturally from the simple structures to the complicated ones. Also it is necessary for teachers to conceive those problems and to be able to help the students approach the curriculum easily.

The plate tectonics is the theory which can systematically interpret various kinds of changes of crusts on the earth surfaces. If the concepts of this theory is taken a triangular position and systematically played up at the curricula of the earth science in the high school, this theory may be able to become the most adequate subject for students to interest in the earth science. The aim of this study is the making out the expanded model of the unit of plate tectonics for the purpose of the more effective teaching-learning of the plate tectonics and the improvement of curricula on the plate tectonics in the high school.

The aim of this study on analysis of curriculum of high school Earth Science is; 1) To investigate whether experiment and observation unit are properly organized. 2) To provide useful materials for reorganization of Earth Science curriculum in future. 3) To suggest that the curriculum be operated properly in the era of 2000s. This study reaches the conclusions which are as follows; 1) After classifying the course of experiment and observation, we have found it difficult to help the students inquiry learning for they are organized only to be explained by teacher on the purpose of passing entrance exam. 2) It is difficult to help students make an experiment because of laboratory's lack. So it is necessary for the education authority to require the situation and to support its system actively. 3) Lack of experimental equipments and classroom schedule for experiment make it difficult to make an experiment in most schools(For example 89.1 % of the whole school lack implement, 52.7% lack prepared hours, 73.6% perform less than 5 hours a week). 4) It is not proper to divide the curriculum into Earth Science(I) and Earth Science(II). Most of teachers tell that the teaching material is somewhat difficult for the students to understand and the quantity of those is too much(80.9%). 5) Those who study liberal course are inclined to choose Biology(82.7%) and those who study natural science, Chemistry(76.4%) or Biology(79.1). In most high school they are forced to run curriculum unfairly on account of this present condition.

This study aims to present an effective basic material and data for the future earth science education by analysizing earth science curriculum of Korean high school. The method used in this study is based on comparison and analysis of the related reference materials. The main subject of this study is to find the changing history of earth science curriculum and compare the Korean earth science curriculum revised in 1982 to the American and Japan curriculums. Based on these studies following suggestions are presented for the future earth science education; 1) The laboratory education in earth science should be more emphasized than lecture. 2) It is urgent need to publish laboratory manuals for students. 3) Well designed laboratory equipments and good quality kits of reasonable price should be supplied.

Since the effect of environmental education at class using textbooks or materials related to environment is limited, the importance of activities for field experience is getting increased day by day. Thereby, the education tends to change into the type of education providing students with direct environmental experience. Students attending the science high school have excellent aptitude and ability for science and will lead the development of science in the future. Now it is urgent to develop various experiential programs which are helpful for them to establish desirable values on environment. However, the field of environmental education that allows science high school students equipped with ample environmental knowledge to improve environment sensitivity and have proper environment awareness is quite restricted as of now. Natural exploration activities are the programs which provide science high school students having lack of chance for environmental education with good opportunities to contact nature and also play significant roles in arousing their interest in issues related with environment. Therefore, it is thought that they will let science high school students explore the natural features of Korea, understand the importance of preserving environment and ecosystem profoundly, and encourage environmental awareness and will of environmental practice. Thereupon, with the study subjects of 121 first and second graders at U Science High School, this article analyzed their recognition of the necessity for environmental education and environmental pollution problems before and after the natural exploration activities, and conducted a survey on their satisfaction after the natural exploration activities and analyzed it. The result of this research is as follows. First, it was shown that the natural exploration activities were effective to raise the science high school students’ awareness of issues related with environmental pollution. Second, the natural exploration activities had effect upon enhancing the students’ willingness of environmental practice. Third, there was statistically significant correlation between the science high school students’ satisfaction with the natural exploration activities and their achievement in the science subject. Fourth, there also was a statistically non or weakness significant correlation between their satisfaction with the natural exploration activities and preference for the science subject. In particular, it was found that students preferring biology indicated higher satisfaction.

본 연구의 목적은 고등학교 3학년을 대상으로 ‘대기 중의 수증기’ 단원에 대한 멀티미디어 교수자료 개발과 과학 관련 태도 및 학습 동기에 관한 효과 및 멀티미디어 활용 수업에 대한 인식을 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해, 이질집단 사전사후 검사로 본 연구를 설계하였다. 5가지 주제의 실험으로 동영상자료를 개발하였으며, 개발된 6차시에 걸쳐 실험집단에 적용하였다. 수업 이후, 멀티미디어 교수자료를 활용한 교수학습에서 과학 관련 태도, 과학 학습 동기에 모두 통계적으로 유의미하게 상승한 것으로 나타났다. 멀티미디어 활용한 수업에 대한 학생들의 인식을 조사한 결과, 대다수의 학생들이 멀티미디어를 활용한 수업에 대해 긍정적으로 생각하고 있었고, 다른 강의식 수업과 비교하여 지구과학의 개념을 쉽게 이해 할 수 있다고 답했다.

The question style in high school environmental science textbook was examined in terms of the placement, frequency, and type of question, and then analyzed the kind of scientific inquiry process elicited by the question in the topic of textbook using the Textbook Questioning Strategy Assessment Instrument (TQSAI). The average number of question per topic was only 0.6. The number of all question in the high school environmental science textbook was very little ; the number of non-experiential question was 8 and that of experiential one was 3. The total number of sentence was 1,236 and the ratio of the number of question to that of sentence was 0.9%. The frequency of non-experiential question was higher than that of experiential one. In action part of the textbook, there were more kinds of question styles than in the main part.