본 연구는 한국인 인구집단에서 폭식행동, 음식중독을 식별하고, 해당 증상들이 비만 및 섭식행 동, 정신건강, 인지적 특성과 어떠한 연관성을 보이는지 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 정상체중 및 비만 체중에 해당하는 한국인 성인 257명을 대상으로 섭식문제(예: 폭식, 음식중독, 음식갈망), 정신건강(예: 우 울), 인지기능(예: 충동성, 정서조절)에 관한 임상심리검사 척도를 측정하였다. 비만 여부와 성별에 따라 그 룹을 나누었을 때, 비만체중 여성에서 폭식행동이 46.6%, 음식중독이 29.3%로 가장 빈도가 높았다. 성향 점수 매칭 후 데이터로 독립성 검정을 수행한 결과, 폭식행동 및 음식중독이 비만체중 집단에서 정상체중 집단보다 더 많이 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 폭식행동과 음식중독 유무에 각 심리검사 척도 요인이 미치는 영향력을 파악하고자, 전진선택법을 적용한 로지스틱 회귀모델을 구축하였다. 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 폭식행동에는 섭식장애, 음식갈망, 상태불안, 정서조절(인지적 재해석) 및 음식중독이 주로 관여하였 고, 음식중독에는 음식갈망, 폭식행동과 함께 비만과 연령의 교호작용, 교육년수가 유의하게 작용하는 것으 로 나타났다. 본 연구는 한국인 성인을 대상으로 한 체계적 연구로서, 폭식행동과 음식중독이 여성 및 비만 인에서 특히 더 많이 나타남을 확인하였다. 폭식행동과 음식중독에는 일부 섭식문제(예: 음식갈망)가 공통되게 관여하나, 정신건강 및 인지적 위험요인에는 차이가 있었다. 따라서 음식중독과 폭식행동은 서로 구 별되는 개념으로 두고, 각각의 기질적·환경적 위험요인을 깊이 있게 탐구하는 것이 필요하다.

본 연구는 과체중과 정상체중의 비글견 사이에서 미네랄 소화율의 차이를 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 중성화 된 건강한 비글견 11마리(47.7개월령 ±0.14)의 Body condition score (BCS)를 기준으로 Normal BCS 그룹(BCS≤5, n=5)과 High BCS 그룹(BCS ≥6, n=6)의 두 그룹에 배치하였다. 시험사료는 반려견의 영양소 요구량을 충족하도록 제조하여 개체 별 에너지요구량에 맞춰 일일 2회에 나누어 14일 동안 급여하였다. 미네랄의 외관상 전장 소화율은 0.5% 산화크롬(Cr2O3)을 이용한 지시제법을 이용하여 평가되었다. 사료와 분변 내 Macro 미네랄(K, Mg, P, Na, Ca)과 Micro 미네랄(Se, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn)의 함량은 유도결합플라즈마 분광광도계를 이용하여 분석하였다. 체중과 BCS는 Normal BCS 그룹 보다 High BCS 그룹이 유의하게 높았으며(p<0.01), 시험기간 동안 두 그룹 내 각각의 체중과 BCS는 통계적으로 유의한 변화는 관찰되지 않았다(p>0.05). 미네랄 소화율을 평가한 결과, Macro 미네랄 중에서는 마그네슘, 인, 칼슘의 소화율이 High BCS 그룹에서 높은 경향으로 관찰되었으며(p<0.1), Micro 미네랄 중에서는 High BCS 그룹에서 망간의 소화율이 유의하게 높았고(p<0.05), 셀레늄과 아연의 소화율은 높은 경향(p<0.1)을 나타내었다. 또한, 통계적인 유의성과 관계없이 분석한 모든 미네랄 지표에서 High BCS 그룹이 Normal BCS 그룹보다 높은 소화율의 결과를 보여 주었다. 본 연구의 결과는 비글견에서 과체중 또는 비만이 미네랄 소화율의 변화를 유도할 잠재적 가능성을 보여주었다.

혁신조달 제도는 전략적 공공조달 정책의 일환으로 혁신제품 지정 및 우선구매 제도를 활용해 기업의 혁신역량 향상과 공공부문의 사회문제 해결능력 향상을 동시에 추구하는 정책으로 도입됐다. 혁신제품에 대한 시범구매 사업은 2019년에 처음 도입됐으며 2020년부터 정부 부처의 혁신제품 지정·발굴 체계가 확립된 후 혁신제품 우선구매제도가 본격적으로 실시됐다. 이에 본 연구는 혁신조달 제도가 본격적으로 시행된 이후 해당 제도의 기업지원 효과에 초점을 맞춰 정량적 분석을 진행했다. 이를 위해 2017년에서 2021년까지의 기업 재무제표 및 고용 자료를 이용했으며, 분석방법으로 성향점수매칭(PSM) 및 이중차분(DID) 방법을 활용했다. 본 연구를 통해 혁신조달 제도가 기업성장과 고용증대에 기여했으며 추가적인 공공 및 민간판로 개척 효과를 창출했음을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편 혁신조달 참여기업이 제품지정 종료 이후에도 자생성을 갖추기 위해서는 혁신제품 지정기업과 기존의 중소기업 지원정책을 적극 매칭하는 등 혁신조달 제도를 고도화할 필요가 있다.

The Net Promotor Score (NPS) is one of the most well-known metrics for measuring customer loyalty. Originally designed by Reichheld (2003), the measure asks participants to rate their likelihood to recommend the brand on a scale of 0-10, after which respondents are placed into a ‘detractors’ group, ‘passive’ group or ‘promotors’ group. While the measure has attracted much attention due to its simplicity and ease of use, there has equally been much criticism of its reliability, nomological validity and how it is connected to business outcomes. Therefore, the current study aims to understand whether the NPS can be used to identify brand advocacy, and secondly, does the NPS work in a care-based, low switching service context. The study included three unique contexts: at home care, residential care and disability care. In total, there were 611 participants, all of which were based in Australia. A questionnaire was developed and administered to each group and included both quantitative and qualitative questions to understand the consumer experience. The findings supported NPS as an effective metric in a care-based, low-switching context for identifying positive customer advocacy. The implication is that the NPS can be used to track organizational performance; and the extended NPS allows organizations to understand and encourage (address) positive (negative) advocacy. In addition, suggestions for an ‘earned advocacy score’ were provided which may offer a more effective way of understanding consumer experience, while providing clearer, more detailed and more actionable data. The current study provides much needed insight for brand and care organizations to understand how the NPS might be used effectively to facilitate better brand outcomes.

In vitro digestibility and protein digestibility corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) were investigated to verify the availability of protein in various Rhizopus oligosporus fermented products of domestic soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars. Danbaegkong (DBK), Daepung (DP), Daewonkong (DWK), Saedanbaek (SDB), Seonyu (SY), and Cheongja4ho (CJ4) were used as raw samples, which were fermented using commercially available Rhizopus oligosporus for 48 h. All cultivars showed increased crude protein content after fermentation. The crude protein content of DBK and SDB was significantly higher than that of the other samples (55.12% in DBK and 54.22% in SDB) (p<0.001). CJ4 had the highest alanine content of 28.88 mg/g (p<0.001), and no significant difference in cysteine content was detected among the cultivars. In most of the fermented samples, the in vitro digestibility was 0.9 or higher, indicating high protein in the fermented samples. However, it is considered that restrictions on digestion are low. In DWK, the amino acid content and PDCAAS, which together indicate protein quality, were 0.917 and 0.855, respectively, confirming that it was the best cultivar to provide the raw material for fermentation. In conclusion Rhizopus oligosporus fermented soybean products can be considered a prospective source of protein with high utility value.

This study investigated the association between dietary intake and 10-year risk for CHD predicted from Framingham risk score in Korean adults using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019-2020. Eight thousand subjects (3,382 men and 4,618 women) aged 30 years or older were classified into three groups according to the 10-year CHD risk (%). The sociodemographics, anthropometrics indices, blood profiles, and dietary intake were collected. After adjusting for confounding variables, the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) decreased for both men and women as the disease risk increased. The high–risk group was below the MAR criteria, indicating that the overall quality of the meal was not good. The highest consumers of legumes (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.37-0.84), fruits (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.48-0.93), and fish (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.42-0.87) had a 44%, 33%, and 40% lower 10-year CHD risk than lowest consumers in men, respectively. In women, there is no significant relationship between food groups and disease risk. Therefore, improving lifestyle habits such as weight control, increased activity, and adequate food intake, especially legumes, fruits, and fish rich in antioxidant nutrients and bioactive substances, appears to have a potential association with preventing coronary heart disease in Korean adults.

This study analyzed the performance of the national fishing port development project, which lacked ex-post impact evaluation despite a lot of investment in terms of fishery income opportunities. Using micro data from the Census of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, the sales amount of fishery products and the proportion of fishery-related businesses were used as performance indicators. The fishery households in the fishing port area (treatment group) and those not in the area (control group) were classified through data pre-processing, and factors unrelated to the fishing ports were controlled using the propensity score matching difference-in-difference method. The analysis target is six fishing ports with large investment in from 2010 to 2014. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the sales of fishery products increased significantly in four of the six fishing ports, and the proportion of fishery-related businesses increased in two fishing ports. The analysis method of this study can be fully utilized in the evaluation of the Fishing Community New Deal 300 Project, which is in need of performance analysis.

Scores from TEPS (Test of English Proficiency developed by Seoul National University) and TOEIC (Test of English for International Communication) are widely used in Korea for various purposes, including employment, admission, and certification. However, there is more than one score conversion relationship between these two tests, causing confusion among test takers. Moreover, the conversion relationships were established in 2004 and 2011 and have not been updated since then. With this background, a large-scale score comparability study was undertaken to develop a new score conversion table for TEPS and TOEIC. Data were collected from a total of 1,415 test takers using a single group design. Log-linear presmoothing and equipercentile methods were used for linking, with cross validation across subgroups. Results showed that the old conversions were disadvantageous to a certain test-taker group. A new conversion table between the two tests is then suggested.

루트비히 판 베토벤(Ludwig van Beethoven, 1770-1827)의 ≪교향곡 제9번≫은 1824년의 초연 이후, 현재에 이르기까지 다양한 방식으로 연주되어 왔다. 베토벤이 기입한 악보에 일부 가필을 가해 연주하는 방식도 그 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 베토벤 교향곡 9번에 대한 가필이 발생한 시기와 그 원인, 가필의 구체적인 예시와 그 수용, 그리고 수용이 시간의 흐름에 따라 어떻게 변화하였는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 여러 저서와 논문 외에도 가필의 흔적이 남아 있는 몇몇 지휘자들의 스코어, 그리고 1923년부터 만들어지기 시작한 다양한 음반이 연구되었다. 리하르트 바그너로부터 비롯된 가필 관행의 핵심은 연주에서 선율이 명확하게 드러나게 하는 것과 자연스럽게 진행되게 하는 것이라 할 수 있다. 이를 위해, 목관 악기 파트의 선율이 충분히 드러나지 않을 때, 이를 금관 악기를 통해 보완하는 방법과 선율의 진행을 변경하는 방법이 사용되었고, 이는 바인가르트너와 말러를 비롯한 후대의 지휘자들에게 큰 영향을 주었다. 그리고, 이러한 바그너의 영향은 많은 음반들을 통해 확인이 가능하다. 음반 연구 결과, 바그너 방식의 가필은 1960년대까지 많은 지휘자들에게 폭넓게 받아들여졌으며, 그 이후 그 수용은 서서히 줄어들었음을 알 수 있다. 현재는 그 수용이 현저하게 줄어들었지만, 이 가필 관행은 후기 낭만주의 시대에 베토벤의 교향곡 9번을 어떻게 해석하고 연주해 왔는지에 대해 알게 해준다는 측면에서, 연주 역사의 관점으로 볼 때 그 중요성을 여전히 잃지 않고 있다.

Ammunition Demilitarization facility (ADF) should be set up the feasible goals and continue to operate, taking into account non-profit characteristics. However, due to the lack of performance measurement methods in ADF, which are essential to national policy at a significant cost each year, the reliability of the evaluation results can be insufficient. In this paper, the Balanced Score Card (BSC) method was applied that could be evaluated to reflect the financial and non-financial features. The relevant literature research and army regulations reflected the results of various interviews of the expert group. The extraction of success performance area in ADF was confirmed using the BSC method and the Decision Variable (DV) candidate was created to use regression for selecting the DV. Additionally, the key performance indicator was presented by verification the feasibility of content by conducting the survey of experts. The implications of this paper are as follows. First, the proposed BSC model was found to be suitable for practical use in ADF reflecting the non-profit characteristics. Second, accurate evaluation of ADF can contribute to long-term development of ADF. Finally, it can be applied to the management process of the other military sector, so it can be expected to play a role in providing basic data and spreading it to other areas.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) diagnosis using Kellgren-Lawrence scores is commonly used to help decision-making during assessment of the severity of OA with assessment of pain, function and muscle strength. The association between Kellgren-Lawrence scores and functional/clinical outcomes remains controversial in patients with knee OA. Objects: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between Kellgren-Lawrence scores and knee pain associated with OA, function during daily living and sports activities, quality of life, and knee muscle strength in patients with knee OA. Methods: We recruited 66 patients with tibiofemoral knee OA and determined knee joint Kellgren-Lawrence scores using standing anteroposterior radiographs. Self-reported knee pain, daily living function, sports/recreation function, and quality of life were measured using the knee injury and OA outcome score (KOOS). Knee extensors and flexors were assessed using a handheld dynamometer. We performed Spearman’s rank correlation analyses to evaluate the relationships between Kellgren-Lawrence and KOOS scores or muscle strength. Results: Kellgren-Lawrence scores were significantly negatively correlated with KOOS scores for knee pain, daily living function, sports/recreation function, and quality of life. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between Kellgren-Lawrence scores and knee extensor strength but not flexor strength. Conclusion: Higher Kellgren-Lawrence scores were associated with more severe knee pain and lower levels of function in daily living and sports/recreation, quality of life, and knee extensor strength in patients with knee OA. Therefore, we conclude that knee OA assessment via self-reported KOOS and knee extensor strength may be a cost-effective alternative to radiological exams.

감성은 복잡하고 다양한 요인들에 의해 영향을 받기 때문에 다각적인 측면에서 고려되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 심리 평가 척도의 하나인 각성(arousal) 지표와 다중 생체신호에서 추출된 생체지표 반응을 이용하여 중립 및 부정감성(슬픔, 공포, 놀람)의 분류하였다. 이를 위하여 감성에 따른 생체지표 반응의 차이를 확인하였고, 다중 신경망 알고리즘 기반의 감성 인식기를 적용하여 이들 감성이 얼마나 정확하게 분류되는가를 확인하였다. 총 146명의 실험 참가자(평균 연령 20.1±4.0, 남성 41%)를 대상으로 감성 유발 자극을 제시하고 동시에 생체신호(심전도, 혈류맥파, 피부전기활동)를 측정하였다. 또한 감성 유발 자극에 대한 심리 반응을 감성 평가 척도로 평가하였다. 측정된 생체신호에서 심박률(HR), NN 간격의 표준편차(SDNN), 혈류량(BVP), 맥파전달시간(PTT), 피부전도수준(SCL), 피부전도반응 (SCR)을 추출하였다. 결과 분석을 위하여 감성 자극에 대한 각성도와 안정 상태와 감성 상태의 생체지표 반응을 활용하였다. 또한 감성 분류를 위하여 다중 신경망 기반의 감성 인식기를 활용하였다. 그 결과, 감성에 따른 생체지표 반응의 차이를 확인하였고, 이들 감성의 분류 성능은 각성도와 모든 생체지표 특징들을 조합하였을 때 정확도가 가장 높음(86.9%)을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 심리 및 생체지표 추출과 기계학습 기술의 적용을 통하여 부정 감성을 분류할 수 있음을 제안하며, 이는 인간의 감성을 탐지하는 감성 인식 기술을 확립하는데 기여할 것으로 예상한다.

Recently, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) has been widely used in the areas of diagnosis, monitoring treatment efficiency, and prognosis for various heart diseases, especially heart failure (HF). In this paper, we try to estimate the prognostic significance of NT-proBNP as a risk evaluation marker in Non-ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) patients. We selected NSTEMI patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) primarily using a drug-eluting stent within 24 h after the onset of chest pain. We compared incidences of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including death, myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis (ST), and target vessel revascularization (TVR) in two patient groups according to a high or low serum concentration of NT-proBNP, which was measured in the emergency room (ER). We intend to minimize selection bias selecting comparing groups, considering covariate of observed variables together using propensity score matching (PSM) and propensity score weighting (PSW) based on propensity score (PS) to control the difference in baseline characteristics between high- and low NT-proBNP groups. We found that as the log NT-proBNP value increases by 1 through a hazard function of COX’s analysis, the risk of MACE increases by 1.312 times. This result indicated that the NT-proBNP level on ER admission can be used as a significant prognostic indicator to estimate 1 year of MACE in NSTEMI patients who were treated with PCI within 24 h after the onset of chest pain.

This study was conducted to derive the level of importance of HACCP evaluation items in meat packing plants. Based on the results, we proposed a method to increase the objectivity of HACCP criteria for meat packaging plants by giving different evaluation scores to each evaluation item. To assign a differential score for each HACCP evaluation item, the severity of the hazard and the rate of non-compliance in the past 3 years (3,905 of the prerequisite section, 2,057 of the HACCP management section) were analyzed. The results were as follows. The importance and score differentiation of each HACCP evaluation item was derived. The total scores of the prerequisite section and HACCP management section were set at 200 and 100, respectively. However, to maintain objectivity of the HACCP evaluation items, further study is needed to develop detailed criteria for each HACCP evaluation item and score.

This study was performed to propose the sewer defect scoring, and grading protocols for sewer condition assessment. For this, sewer defect scoring methods were comparatively analyzed and reviewed for four international condition assessment protocols, which are established based on WRc manual. As a result, we proposed a new protocol for sewer condition assessment, in which characteristics of sewer pipes are considered by segment. In reference to the PIM-3, the extent of ground subsidence was adopted to be of importance, and renewal scores increased in accordance with weighting of defects causing structural backfill materials. Also, defect grades of ‘Hole’ were extended to 5 levels of the grading, and ‘Surface Damage’ was excluded in defect assessment. The addition of ‘Buckling’ resulted in reduction of weights in ‘Surface Damage’ and ‘Lining Defects’.

Introduce the score-recognition method. E.g The note, beat and other symbols for the play music. Usually, the score-recognition is using the template matching or statistical model. This paper suggest the new method that is using the template matching and feature of pixel pattern for computer games. Typically, the morphology of general music symbol are independent on the change of font. For instance the head and line of note, staccato, crescendo, decrescendo and so on. But some music symbol aren’t keep their morphology. For instance the beat of the note, chord and beam note. This paper applying the template matching at the general music symbol and applying the feature of pixel pattern analysis method at the some music symbol. So this paper can get great accuracy of score-recognition. This paper can recognize the Whole, Half, Quarter, Eighth and Sixteenth note and rest, Seminote, Staccato, Crescendo, Decrescendo, Key signature and Clef