This study develops a new hybrid passive energy dissipation device for seismic rehabilitation of an existing structure. The device is composed of a friction damper combined with a steel plate with vertical slits as a hysteretic damper. Analytical model is developed for the device, and the capacity of the hybrid device to satisfy a given target performance is determined based on the ASCE/SEI 7-10 process. The effect of the device is verified by nonlinear dynamic analyses using seven earthquake records. The analysis results show that the dissipated inelastic energy is concentrated on the hybrid damper and the maximum interstory drift of the SMRF with damping system satisfies the requirement of the current code.

In this study, the seismic performance of concrete-steel composite moment frame structures equipped with seismic retrofitting systems such as seismic reinforcement, base isolators, and bracing members, which are typical earthquake damage mitigation systems, is evaluated through nonlinear dynamic analyses. A total of five frame models were designed and each frame model was developed for numerical analyses. A total of 80 ground acceleration data were used to perform the nonlinear dynamic analysis to measure ground shear force and roof displacement, and to evaluate the behavioral performance of each frame model by measuring inter-story drift ratios. The analysis results indicate that the retrofitting device of the base isolator make a significant contribution to generating relatively larger absolute displacement than other devices due to flexibility provided to interface between ground and column base. However, the occurrence of the inter-story drift ratio, which is a relative displacement that can detect the damage of the structure, is relatively small compared with other models. On the other hand, the seismic reinforced frame model enhanced with the steel plate at the lower part of the column was found to be the least efficient.

최근 테러에 대한 위험성의 증가로 대중들의 폭발 피해에 대한 인식이 증가하였다. 우리나라에 방폭 설계에 대한 기준이 미흡하며, 현재 적용하고 있는 방폭 설계도 정적해석으로 건물의 안정성 및 경제성을 위해 방폭 설계를 개발해야 하는 상황 이다. 또한 지진 발생 증가로 내진 설계 의무화가 확대된 가운데 방폭 설계를 하지 않고 내진 설계를 적용한 부재의 방폭 성능을 판단을 연구한다. 현재 보편적인 폭발 하중의 해석 방법은 UFC 3-340-02 매뉴얼을 참고하는 것이다. UFC 3-340-02 매뉴얼을 통한 폭발 하중의 특성을 적용하고 KBC 2016의 내진 상세를 적용한 보를 등가 단자유도 시스템으로 변환하여 폭발 저항 성능을 연구하였다. 보통, 중간, 특수 모멘트 골조의 연성 능력에 대한 최대 처짐을 고려하여 폭발물의 이격 거리를 통해 평가하여 내진 상세 적용 시 폭발 저항 성능이 향상된다는 것을 입증하였다.

본 연구의 목적은 트러스의 형태를 바꿔가며 엇갈린 트러스(STF) 시스템의 내진성능을 평가하는 것이다. 예제 구조물은 10층의 철골조 사무실 건물이며, 시스템별로 각각 프랫트러스, 하우트러스, 와렌트러스, 케이트러스와 비렌딜트러스를 적용 하였다. 중력하중, 풍하중, 지진하중을 고려한 구조해석을 실시하여 부재에 높은 DCR을 만족하는 단면을 산정한 후 고유주 기, 밑면전단력과 층간변위를 산출하였다. 그 후, 역량스펙트럼법을 통해 1.2배의 설계지진(DE)과 최대고려지진(MCE)에 대 한 성능점을 산정하고, STF 시스템의 항복여부 및 소성힌지의 분포를 파악하여 구조기준에서 제시한 목표성능수준을 만족 하는지 살펴보았다. 평가 결과, 모든 시스템이 해당 목표성능수준을 만족하였으며, 시스템의 경제성 및 효율성을 따져보았을 때, PR10이나 VR10이 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다.

미국의 내진설계기준인 ASCE/SEI 7-10은 구조물 붕괴성능에 대한 불확실성을 고려하지 않는 등재해도 기반 내진설계의 문제점을 해결하기 위해 위험도 기반 내진설계 개념을 도입하였다. 하지만 현행 국내 내진설계기준의 경우 한반도 내에서 발생한 큰 규모의 지진기록과 구조물의 붕괴성능과 관련된 연구의 부족으로 위험도 기반 내진설계 개념을 반영하지 않고 있 다. 본 연구에서는 철골 보통중심가새골조를 표본건물로 선정하여 위험도 기반 내진성능평가를 수행하였다. 건물이 위치한 지역, 높이, 지반조건을 변수로 바탕으로 표본건물에 대한 붕괴성능 평가를 수행하였으며, 국내 지진기록의 특성을 반영할 수 있는 경험적 스펙트럴 형상 예측 모델을 활용하여 지진재해도 곡선을 작성하였다. 이를 활용하여 국내 주요 도시에 위치 한 철골 보통중심가새골조의 붕괴확률을 위험도 적분 개념에 따라 평가하였다. 국내 주요 도시에 위치한 철골 보통중심가새 골조의 붕괴확률을 평가한 결과, 현행 건축구조기준에 따라 설계된 표본건물은 본 연구에서 고려한 해석 변수에 따라 붕괴 확률에 상당한 차이를 보였다. 특히 국내 건축구조기준의 경우 철골 보통중심가새골조에 대한 높이제한이 없어 일부 고층 표본건물에서 목표 위험도인 50년간 1%의 붕괴확률을 초과하는 것으로 평가되었다.

The building which are essential for disaster recovery is classified as a special seismic use group. Especially, achievement of seismic performance is very important for the hospital, so the hospital should be able to maintain its function during and right after an earthquake without significant damage on both structural and non-structural elements. Therefore, this study aimed at checking the seismic performance of a hospital building, but which was limited to structural elements. For the goal, a plan with a configuration of general hospitals in Korea was selected and designed by two different seismic-force-resisting systems. In analytical modeling, the shear behavior of the wall was represented by three inelastic properties as well as elastic. Nonlinear dynamic analyses were conducted to evaluate the performance of structural members. The result showed that the performance of shear walls in the hospital buildings was not satisfied regardless of the seismic-force-resisting systems, while the demands on the beams and columns did not exceed the capacities. This is the result of only considering the shear of the wall as the force-controlled action. When the shear of the wall was modeled as inelastic, the walls were yielded in shear, and as the result, the demands for frames were increased. However, the increase did not exceed the capacities of the frames members. Consequently, since the performance of walls is significant to determine the seismic performance of a hospital building, it will be essential to establish a definite method of modeling shear behavior of walls and judging their performance.

This study aims to establish a seismic resistance performance evaluation method that makes sure to secure the seismic resistance performance of the existing mid-low story reinforced concrete structures. This study focuses on the development of the seismic resistance performance evaluation method for the overall seismic resistance performance evaluation on the buildings by applying fuzzy theory. This seismic resistance performance evaluation method considers the mutual relations among the type of force, the type of member, the type of story, and the states of deterioration of the buildings. The total seismic resistance performance index from this method was calculated by the intensity weight of each evaluation item, fuzzy measure, fuzzy integration. Moreover, the evaluation methodology was established in this study to identify the performance level of the Immediate Occupancy, Life Safe, Collapse Prevention by applying the fuzzy theory.

Various seismic isolation methods are being applied to bridges and buildings to improve their seismic performance. Most seismic isolation systems are the structural seismic isolation systems. In this study, the seismic performance of geotechnical seismic isolation system capable of isolating the lower foundation of the bridge structure from ground was evaluated. The geotechnical seismic isolation system was built with teflon, and the model structure was made by adopting the similitude law. The response acceleration for sinusoidal waves of various amplitudes and frequencies and seismic waves were analyzed by performing 1-G shaking table experiments. Fixed foundation, Sliding foundation, and Rocking foundation were evaluated. The results of this study indicated that the Teflon-type seismic foundation isolation system is effective in reducing the acceleration transmitted to the superstructure subject to large input ground motion. Response spectrum of the Rocking and Sliding foundation structures moves to the long period, while that of Fixed foundation moves to short period.

The paper presents an experimental evaluation of RC columns retrofitted by TRC(Textile fabric Reinforced Concrete). TRC were made using textile fabric fiber and self leveling mortar. A total of three specimens was constructed and was performed cyclic loading test. One specimen was a non-retrofitted column, while others were retrofitted with textile fabric and sheet type fiber. By comparing with non-retrofitted specimen, the maximum strength and ductility of retrofitted RC column was improved compared to non-retrofitted RC column.

Nonlinear analysis for seismic performance evaluation of existing building usually takes 4~5 times more than linear analysis based on KBC code. To obtain accurate results from the nonlinear analysis, there are a lot of things to be considered for nonlinear analysis modeling. For example, reinforcing layout, applied load and seismic details affect behavior of structural members for the existing building. Engineer-oriented computerized system was developed for engineers to evaluate effective seismic performance of existing buildings with abiding by seismic design principles. Using the engineer-oriented program, seismic performance evaluation of reinforced concrete building was performed. Nonlinear hinge properties were applied with real time multiple consideration such as section layout, section analysis result, applied load and performance levels. As a result, the building was evaluated to satisfy LS(Life Safety) performance level. A comparison between engineer-oriented and program-oriented results is presented to show how important the role of structural engineer is for seismic performance evaluation of existing buildings.

This study investigates the seismic performance of solid reinforced concrete columns with triangular reinforcement details using nonlinear seismic analysis. The developed reinforcement details are economically feasible and rational, and facilitate shorter construction periods. By using a sophisticated nonlinear finite element analysis program, the accuracy and objectivity of the assessment process can be enhanced. Solution of the equations of motion is obtained by numerical integration using Hilber-Hughes-Taylor (HHT) algorithm. The proposed numerical method gives a realistic prediction of seismic performance throughout the input ground motions for several column specimens. As a result, developed triangular reinforcement details were designed to be superior to the existing reinforcement details in terms of required performance.

Recent decades, maintenance and reconstruction have been paid attention to old buildings. Especially, it has been recognized that seismic retrofit measures are necessary for non-reinforced masonry buildings which are used for prevailing building constructions. However, such applications can be limited due to its excessive costs, long-period, and inherent difficulty in securing construction spaces. For this reason, different reinforcement methods have been proposed by previous researchers in the economic manner. This study carried out an adhesive retrofit material upgrading low workability and excessive costs of existing reinforcement methods and, in turn, verified the level of seismic reinforcement throughout experimental studies. In order for the objectives, masonry walls with an aspect ratio of 1.0 were designed and manufactured. Also, effective parameters which are affected by openings, adhesive material types, the number of reinforcement layers, and lateral load levels were established. Experimental results showed that MW specimens without openings were collapsed for low-seismic resistances resulting from rocking failure modes, while strength and displacement capacities were improved for reinforced openings. Also, R-MWO-3F specimens with opening which was enhanced for three layers of stiffener showed displacement, ductility capacities, and energy dissipating capacities in the stable manner, even satisfying the collapse prevention level proposed in the current seismic codes.

After an earthquake occurred in the Gyeongju, 2016, many low-story buildings have been questioned in terms of the seismic performance since mostly they have been exempted from the seismic design requirement since 1988. In this study, a 3-story moment resisting frame (MRF) building was analyzed and evaluated the seismic performance. Due to the insufficient seismic performance required for the seismic performance levels, three different seismic retrofit schemes were proposed and their seismic performances were re-evaluated. While steel brace and open shear wall retrofit systems mainly focused on the strength retrofit, the VES damper retrofit system is mainly to enhance the energy dissipation capacity of the system and resultes in the increased ductility. The original building and 3 retrofitted buildings were evaluated using the nonlinear static and nonlinear dynamic analyses and suggestions were proposed. Through the analysis of nonlinear time history and push-over using MIDAS/Gen program, damages of the building in terms of top story and average story drift and effect of reinforcement were analyzed.

This paper investigates seismic performance of a small-sized single story building in Korea. Nonlinear pushover anlaysis is performed to verify shear failure of　RC　short columns eventually led to performance degradation. Also, nonlinear time history analysis is performed using the same earthquakes from Gyeongju. Similar failure mode was obtained as in the report where a sudden rupture of the RC columns happened.

Secure operation of hospitals during and right after earthquake is essential. Past lessons from earthquake damages have shown that most of the injured and the death occurred within 30 minutes after earthquake and the portion of nonstructural damage has become significant. However, hospital buildings in Korea have not prepared fully to address such rising issues. This paper is to study what type of damage patterns are related to hospital buildings and how to develop a preparedness plan to keep hospitals operational at all earthquakes if possible. This paper first reviews on past earthquake damages reported as critical to hospital buildings while classifying them into four groups: (1) structural element; (2) architectural-nostructural element; (3) medical equipments and contents; and (4) utility facility. Upon such classification, some detailed concerns can be specified under each group explicitly. Then a hierarchy for hospital building is also developed for the classified groups, which enables us to identify required things for the enhancement of seismic performance of hospital building that consists of heterogeneous elements. To upgrade the level of seismic performance for existing hospital buildings, the concept of performance-based approach can be adopted to address the heterogeneous problems in a systematic and stepwise manner. Finally a conceptual framework for the seismic risk assessment for hospital building is proposed toward the seismic enhancement of hospital buildings using performance-based approach.

In this paper, seismic performance assessment has been examined for a mid-rise RC building subjected to 2016 Gyeongju earthquake occurred in Korea. For the purpose of the paper, 2D external and internal frames in each direction of the building have been employed in the present comparative analyses. Nonlinear static pushover analyses have been conducted to estimate frame capacities. Nonlinear dynamic time-history analyses have also been carried out to examine demands for the frames subjected to ground motions recorded at stations in near of Gyeongju and a previous earthquake ground motion. Analytical predictions demonstrate that maximum demands are significantly affected by characteristics of both spectral acceleration response and spectrum intensity over a wide range of periods. Further damage potential of the frames has been evaluated in terms of fragility analyses using the same ground motions. Fragility results reveal that the ground motion characteristics of the Gyeongju earthquake have little influence on the seismic demand and fragility of frames.

In regions of low-to-moderate seismicity, various types of lap splices are used for longitudinal reinforcement of columns at the plastic hinge zones. The seismic performance of such lap spliced columns, such as strength, deformation capacity, and energy dissipation, is affected by material strengths, longitudinal re-bar size, confinement of hoops, lap splice location, and lap splice length. In the present study, cyclic loading tests were performed for columns using three types of lap splices (bottom offset bar splice, top offset bar splice, and splice without offset bend). Lap splice length(40db and 50db) was also considered as test parameters. Ties with 90-degree end hooks were provided in the lap splice length. The test results showed that strength, deformation capacity, and energy dissipation of columns significantly differed depending on the details and the length of lap splices. The bottom offset bar splice showed high ductility and energy dissipation but low strength; on the other hand, the top offset bar splice and the splice without offset bend showed high strength but moderate ductility and energy dissipation.

1970년대 이후 한국의 빠른 경제성장 동안에 수로나 철도 등 많은 지중구조물들이 건설되었다. 1988년에 내진설계가 의무 화되었으나, 1988년 이전의 지중 구조물들은 내진설계가 반영되지 않았다. 따라서, 이러한 지중 구조물들은 지진이 일어났을 때 안전성을 확보하기 위해 효과적인 내진 보강방법이 필요하다. 그러한 이유로, 본 연구에서는 새롭게 개발된 보강재를 이 용한 RC 박스 지중 구조물 우각부 보강공법의 내진성능에 대하여 분석하였다. 이 공법은 박스구조물 우각부에 Pre-flexed member를 설치하여 외력에 저항력을 증대시키는 원리이다. 타당성을 검증하기 위해서 새로이 개발된 보강재와 기존의 보강 재를 실험과 유한요소해석으로 비교하였다. 유한요소모델에서 강재의 비선형 모델은 J2 Plasticity Model을 기초로 하고 콘 크리트는 CEB-FIP MODEL CODE 1990로 모델링되었다. 또한, 설계반영을 위한 박스 구조물과 보강재와의 합성률을 산정 하였다. 보강재와 박스구조물은 Tie에 의해 완전 부착된 상태의 연결조건 하에서 해석이 수행되었으며, 하중-변위곡선에서 실험과 유한요소해석의 결과가 서로 일치하였다.

In recent years, an outrigger damper system has been proposed to reduce dynamic responses of tall buildings. However, a study on outrigger damper system is still in its early stages. In this study, time history analysis was performed to investigate the dynamic response control performance of outrigger damper. To do this, a actual scale 3-dimensional tall building model with outrigger damper system has been developed. El Centro earthquake was applied as an earthquake excitation. The control performance of the outrigger damper system was evaluated by varying stiffness and damping values. Analysis results, on the top floor displacement response to the earthquake load, was greatly effected by damping value. And acceleration response greatly was effected by stiffness value of damper system. Therefore, it is necessary to select that proper stiffness and damping values of the outrigger damper system.