This study aims to design a new sizing system for hygienic masks to protect against COVID-19-related respiratory disorders. The product sizes were collected from 70 commercially available hygienic masks, and 18 head measurements were obtained from the three-dimensional (3D) scan data of 2,048 men and women aged 20 to 69 years from the 6th Size Korea Survey. The statistical analysis was performed using the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 28.0 program. The “bitragion-subnasale arc” and “menton-sellion length” were chosen as the key body dimensions for the hygienic mask sizing system. The linear regressions with 18 3D head measurements were analyzed, and it was determined that the key body dimensions were useful for statistically predicting other 3D head measurements related to hygienic masks. A new sizing system was proposed for two types of masks, “masks with a tight fit” and “masks with a loose fit,” taking into account the existing Korean Industrial Standards (KS) and the shortcomings of the sizes of hygienic masks on the market. The sizing system for tight-fitting masks consisted of the key body dimensions, with their sizes indicated by a pair of numbers. The sizing system for loose-fitting masks consisted solely of the bitragion-subnasale arc, with their sizes denoted by letters such as S, M, and L (denoting small, medium, and large, respectively). Future studies should consider this mask sizing system for different age groups, such as children and adolescents.

This study presents an efficient clothes-sizing system for those experiencing obesity in old age with the aim of revitalizing the clothing industry for older obese people. The study targets 249 obese men aged 60 to 85 who satisfy a Rohrer index score of 1.6 or higher and a BMI (body mass index) of 25 or higher. Elderly obese males showed more obesity in the body based on the waist. In particular, those in their 60s were the most obese, and after reaching their 70s, characteristics of old age in which the stature was reduced and the limbs were tapered were shown. The clothes-sizing system was set to 5cm in stature, 5cm and 3cm in chest girth, 2cm in waist girth (omphalion), and 2cm in hip girth according to the KS standards. Through the two-way distribution of each section, the name of the section with a high distribution was given. Casual tops were selected from eight sizes, ranging from 155 to 170cm in stature and 95 to 105cm in chest girth. Suit top sizes were selected from eight sizes, ranging from 160 to 170cm in stature and 94 to 103cm in chest girth. Bottoms suggested 10 sizes distributed between 90 and 100cm in waist girth (omphalion) and 92 and 98cm in hip girth. According to the KS standards, the detailed size was divided into the basic part and the reference part.

The purpose of this study is to propose a specialized clothes-sizing system for elderly (aged 60~79) obese women satisfying the following conditions based on the data from the fifth Korean Agency for Technology and Standards (2004): a Rohrer's index of over 1.6, a BMI of over 25, and a WHR of over 0.85. The lower bodies of elderly obese women tends to be shorter and wider than average. Particularly, their torsos from the chest to the waist tend to be more obese than other areas. According to the KS standards, the clothes-sizing system sets up its size intervals as follows: 5cm in stature, 5cm and 3cm in bust, 3cm in waist, and 3cm in hip. Based on the dualistic distribution of each section, the names of the sections indicating high distribution are suggested. For suit tops, 11 sizes are selected as distributed in the 145-155cm stature section and 91-103cm bust section. For casual tops, nine sizes are selected as distributed in the 145-155cm stature section and 90-105cm bust section. For bottoms, 11 sizes are selected as distributed in the 82-97cm waist section and 91-97cm hip section. According to the KS standards, detailed sizes are suggested in the division of basic and reference areas.

Seniors have more economic power, leisure time and better health compared with the past; in addition, there with increased social activity opportunities that allow for active and independent consumption activities based on their economic independence. Therefore, the silver industry for elderly consumers is buoyant in the development of product planning and marketing strategies that target seniors. It is necessary to know the exact characteristics of advanced age along with feet studies that provide basic information on the shape of shoes; however, there are few studies on elderly men's feet. This study develops a shoe sizing system for elderly men based on previous studies which analyzed the aspects of sole shape for individuals aged 60 or over. The distribution on KS G 3405 (2001) was examined and basic items were selected based on a correlation analysis of items related to foot shape. The measurement interval was based on KS and cross analysis was conducted for basic items to select an interval which indicated a frequency of more than 5% by type with a measurement system established by type. The results of the study are as follow. A sizing system was developed with an interval of 5 mm for foot length, an interval of 3 mm for the circumference of the top of the foot and an interval of 6 mm for the circumference of the top of the foot within the same foot length standard to develop a shoe sizing system for elderly men. The respective sizing systems in accordance with type were developed and 12 types of sizing systems were suggested for elderly men to reflect characteristics by type. The differences in sizing system were compared by combining sizing systems by type of sole for elderly men. Type H consists of the greatest number of foot length sections using 7 sections of foot length at 235-265 mm, Type A consists of 6 sections of foot length at 240-265 mm and Type V and D consist of 6 sections of foot length at 235-260 mm. The circumference of the top of the foot has 7 sections from C to F; Type H and A consist of C-EEEE and Type V consists of 6 sections of D-F, and Type D consists of 5 sections of D-EEEE. Type H and A include the sections of small circumference of the top of the foot; however, Type V includes the sections of large circumference of the top of the foot and Type D includes the section of small foot length and a large circumference that indicated differences between type. Type H, subtype 1 (the frontal part of the foot is high and the central part of the foot is low) and 2 (the frontal part of the foot is low and the central part of the foot is high) shows the distribution of size appellation in the sections of C-D where the circumference of the top of the foot is smaller than subtype 3 (the frontal part of the foot is low and the central part of the foot is low) that indicated that the size table is suggested with the reflection of size appellation only for Type H of small width and large height. Appellations are classified in accordance with 3-dimensional type in the section less than 240 mm of foot length. Type V show the same distribution of the appellation (including the section of D-EEE) for all the three types, except for a part of the section of 260 mm. The size appellations of subtypes 2 and 3 are distributed in section F, which indicates the formative characteristics of the foot with a large width or height. Type A has differences in appellation distribution between 3-dimensional types; subtype 2 is distributed in the small circumference section and indicates that Type A has the foot shape with a small width and high height. The distribution of size appellation of subtypes 3 and 1 with the section of large circumference suggests that subtype 3 of Type A (the foot shape with the largest width) has no large foot length and subtype 1 has a large foot length. Type D has differences in appellation among three subtypes, but all of them are included in subtype 1 and suggests that the subtype 1 sizing system can be used. The results indicate that a shoe sizing system for elderly men by foot type could improve the suitability of shoes and provide a wider range of size and satisfaction that helps shoe makers produce shoes of various purpose and function for seniors.

We consider the capacitated lot-sizing and scheduling problem for a paper remanufacturing system that produces several types of corrugated cardboards. The problem is to determine the lot sizes as well as the sequence of lots for the objective of minimizin

The purpose of this study was specifically focused on the lower garment sizing system of adolescent apparel, especially on trousers for adolescent boys. Research Method was performed by using the physical measurements of adolescent boys (14～19 years old, n=1,344) based on the ‘he fifth Korean national physical standard reports’ surveyed by SIZEKOREA. The basic materials for this study are obtained from the observations of physical characteristics and classification of physical figures based on the characteristics from waist down. The results from this study are as follows. 1) according to the analyses of physical changes, most items including height, circumference, length, breadth and depth were increased at the age of 14～18 and gradually reduced at the age of 19. 2) The factors which compose the lower body resulted were appeared that the first factor was vertical factor, the second factor was horizontal factor, the third factor was hip length, and the last factor was buttlock-popliteal length. 3) Formalization of physical figures for adolescent boy's lower body analyzed from factors grouped three types. 4) The basic parts that we used to propose the apparel sizing system distinguished by physical figures were Waist Circumference (Omphalion) (every 3cm regular gap) and Hip Circumference (irregular gap). Physical figures assigned 5 to Type T, and 4 to type M. The reference measurement items were divided into 7 items which are correlated with apparel manufacture.