This study quantifies drivers and consequences of positive and negative electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) engagement on social networking sites building upon social identity theory. Fitting a structural model using software smartPLS 4.0, the analysis compares two distinct groups of respondents. Though these groups seem to belong to the same in-group. Nevertheless, group members differ with respect to the drivers and consequences of their positive and negative eWOM engagement. As engagement is often used in the context of service-dominant logic, we reveal which non-monetary value co-creating and value-reducing consequences result from positive and negative eWOM engagement. This study highlights the impact of eWOM engagement on self-brand connection and self-brand incongruity and identifies commitment as a major driver. For international respondents negative eWOM does not automatically increase self-brand incongruity but low negative eWOM has a positive effect on the self-brand connection.

We are living in a world that is increasingly digital and undergoing dramatic changes as a result. In particular for luxury fashion, growing numbers of online customers as well as fast changing business environment, luxury retailers face the challenge of differentiating themselves by offering a better online customer experience (Chen et al. 2021). By doing so, luxury fashion retailers are increasingly deploying chatbots in their service encounters to enhance customer experience (Roy & Naidoo, 2021). Chatbots are powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI) (Hoyer et al. 2020) and are an example of AI robot that can provide human-computer interactions on a retail website (Lee et al. 2017). Intended to enhance the online customer experience, chatbots have the potential to provide a better understanding of the product performance, enable efficient use of customer time, and help build crucial customer relationships (Rese et al. 2020; Wilson-Nash et al. 2020; Xu et al. 2022). Therefore, chatbots’ potential has been highly valued by fashion retail industry and academia (Jiang et al. 2022).

We are living in a world that is increasingly digital and undergoing dramatic changes as a result. In particular for luxury fashion, growing numbers of online customers as well as fast changing business environment, luxury retailers face the challenge of differentiating themselves by offering a better online customer experience (Chen et al. 2021). By doing so, luxury fashion retailers are increasingly deploying chatbots in their service encounters to enhance customer experience (Roy & Naidoo, 2021). Chatbots are powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI) (Hoyer et al. 2020) and are an example of AI robot that can provide human-computer interactions on a retail website (Lee et al. 2017). Intended to enhance the online customer experience, chatbots have the potential to provide a better understanding of the product performance, enable efficient use of customer time, and help build crucial customer relationships (Rese et al. 2020; Wilson-Nash et al. 2020; Xu et al. 2022). Therefore, chatbots’ potential has been highly valued by fashion retail industry and academia (Jiang et al. 2022).

Disinformation can distort real-world events and influence individuals’ decisions, posing a serious threat to society. However, moderating disinformation is still a major challenge for social network operators, as they are omnipresent, and social media’s ease-of-use, anonymity, and interconnectedness enables their rapid diffusion. Additionally, there is a lack of clear guidance on prioritizing content for censorship efforts. Until now, existing literature focuses on the virality of traditional online content, such as marketing campaigns, which are generally driven by positive emotions and arousal. Nevertheless, this type of content is vastly dissimilar from the hate-filled, misleading, and malicious content on social media platforms, rendering literature findings inapplicable when it comes to disinformation diffusion. So, what makes disinformation go viral? Using a unique dataset of ~400 million live-crawled messages on Twitter surrounding the US presidential election in 2020, our study analyzes which content and context characteristics drive the virality of disinformation. We classify ~10 million disinformation spread over ~50,000 distinct disinformation stories and (1) identify different diffusion trajectories of virality with the help of time series shape clustering. Moreover, to investigate the differing diffusion patterns, we (2) use state-of-the-art natural language processing to analyze linguistic and meta-level features. With that, this work provides ex-ante guidance to policymakers and network operators to help identify the most critical content on social media to curb the spread of threatening disinformation online. Furthermore, this study advances the overall understanding of disinformation diffusion by focusing exclusively on misleading content and the differences among them. Lastly, this work can add a new perspective to existing research by extensively quantifying the effects of viral disinformation online with a large-scale social media analysis.

얼록동사리의 식성 분석을 위해 금당천에서 2021년 3월부터 11월까지 채집을 하였고 크기는 연령별로(1년생, 2년생, 3년생 이상)로 구분하였다. 먹이생물은 절지동물(Arthropoda, 개체수 86.6%) 갑각강(Malacostraca, 연갑강)의 등각목(Isopoda), 단각목(Amphipoda), 십각목(Decapoda), 수서곤충(Aquatic insect)에 속하는 하루살이목(Ephemeroptera), 잠자리목 (Odonata), 노린재목(Hemiptera), 강도래목(Plecoptera), 딱정벌레목(Coleoptera), 파리목(Diptera), 날도래목(Trichoptera), 환형동물(Annelida, 개체수 7.3%) 환대강(Clitellata)의 실지렁이목(Tubificida), 가시지렁이목(Haplotaxida), 부리거머리목 (Rhynchobdellida), 연체동물(Mollusca, 개체수 2.8%)에 속하는 복족강(Gastropoda)의 수병안목(Systellommatophora)과 중복족목(Mesogastropoda), 척추동물에 속하는 어류(3.3%) 그리고 어란 등 다양하였다. 수서곤충, 어류, 갑각류, 환형동물 등을 주로 서식하였으며 수서곤충이 개체수에 있어 70.0%, 생체량은 31.7%, 상대중요성지수는 72.7%로 가장 중요한 먹이원이었 다. 식성은 육식성 이었으며 먹이 섭취 특성과 형태는 육식포식자(stalker)에 속하였다. 전장이 증가함에 따라 섭식한 먹이의 개체량과 생체량에 있어 파리류가 점진적으로 감소하였고 어류, 새우류, 날도래류, 잠자리류 등이 증가하는 먹이 전환이 발생하였다. 봄에는 먹이생물 중 파리류(65.3%), 지렁이류(14.5%), 하루살이류(7.0%) 등을 주로 섭식하였고 여름에는 파리류 (58.6%), 하루살이류(24.5%), 어류(4.8%) 등이 풍부하였고 가을에는 파리류(30.1%), 하루살이류(20.4%), 등각류(13.3%) 등을 많이 섭식하였다.

비인격적인 상사는 조직을 괴롭히고 직원들의 웰빙에 영향을 주는 심각하고 점점 더 큰 문제가 되고 있다. 이 연구는 비인격적인 상사가 인도네시아의 조직적 맥락에서 반생산적인 과업행동에 미치는 영향 에 대한 개요를 제공했다. 본 연구는 직원들의 감정적 고갈의 매개 효과와 상호 작용 정의의 조절 효과를 조사함으로써 비인격적인 상사에 대한 연구를 확대한다. 인도네시아 기업의 120명 응답자의 자료에 대한 회귀 분석 결과, 비인격적인 상사가 역효과를 내는 업무행태와 긍정적인 상관관계가 있으며, 직원들의 감 정적 고갈이 비인격적인 상사와 반생산적인 과업행동의 관계에 매개 효과를 가지고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌 다. 또한 본 연구는 상호 작용적인 정의가 비인격적인 상사와 직원들의 감정적 고갈 사이의 관계에 조절 영향을 미친다는 것을 발견했다. 상호 작용적 정의의 조절 효과가 상호 작용적 정의가 높았을 때 비인격 적인 상사와 감정적 고갈 사이의 더 강한 관계가 존재한다는 것과 같은 예기치 못한 패턴을 보인 것은 놀라운 일이다. 이러한 조사 결과는 , 비인격적인 상사, 직원들의 감정적 고갈 그리고 반생산적인 과업행 동 사이의 관계가 더 강하기 때문에 비인격적인 상사를 피하는 것이 더 심각하게 여겨져야 한다는 것을 보여주었다.

The calls for reform of investment treaty regime are neither novel nor entirely unexpected. And the need for that reform has recently reached its pitiful nadir where the UNCITRAL Working Group III gathered for its first meeting in Vienna back in November-December 2017 to discuss states’ concerns about investor-state dispute settlement. States’ concerns about the reform have been repeatedly referred to in recent publications, but international scholars have not yet discussed Russia's stance in detail. In the following an attempt has been made to fill the gap in literature by introducing the Russian position which contrasts nicely with Canada or the EU. Why is this important? Russia is a significant state in the UNCITRAL Working Group III and any slight shifts in its approach in the UNCITRAL reforms are closely watched. It is the right time to provide an analytical framework for understanding the Russian position in these reform dynamics.

The purpose of this study was to develop high quality dark film honeycomb fabric curtains. The results of producing the prototype for various color tone development, hot melt viscosity, and adhesiveness test for the final prototype were as follows. The hexagonal honeycomb structure is easy to manufacture, has a good coupling force, and has a dark honeycomb fabric curtain. The hot melt condition was obtained with 540g of hot melt and 1.5kg of diluent, 242.3cp, and the curing result was obtained at 140°C. Seven different colors were developed using yellow, red, blue, and white four primary colors. The adhesive force test device was designed to enable more than 5,000 real tests by the automatic opening and closing device for the convenience of the field workers. The size of the test sample was designed to be 1,000mm × 1,200mm. As a result of designing and manufacturing the prototype to attach the monitor and the control device to automatically count, the prototype was made to be measured 10,000 times. The combined force of the honeycomb fabric curtain was maintained after 5,000 tests on the manufactured rock film honeycomb fabric curtain.

연구자는 아름다움(칼로카가티아)이 어둠 속에서 드러날 수 있음을 카이 닐센의 『해의 동쪽과 달의 서쪽』을 통해 심미적으로 해석하고자 한다. 고대 그리 스어인 칼로카가티아는 인간 행위의 이상향인, 아름답고 선한 것을 의미한다. 연구자는 심미적 해석을 위해 세 가지 중요한 요소로 분석하였다: 표층미학, 심 층미학, 승화미학(재구성). 칼로카가티아는 카이 닐센의 작품에서 인간의 감정을 다양한 방식으로 상호작용하게 이끈다. 그래서 그림에서 묘사된 요소들(색, 장소와 시간, 영적)을 분석하고자 한 것이고 이 점을 심미적 관점으로 재해석한다. 결론적으로, 이 연구는 칼로카가티아가 어떻게 심미적 해석을 하는데 사용 되는지, 또한 어둠의 개념을 인식하여 통합적으로 어떤 제안을 제공하는지를 보여준다.