지속적으로 발생하고 있는 해적 문제에 대해서 해사보안 관련 협약의 시행 이 해적활동을 진압하는 중요한 방법 중의 하나로 여겨진다. 하지만 더 중요한 것은 그러한 협약이 해적방지를 강화하고 선박에 대한 해적활동 대응책을 장려 하며, 그리고 해적을 상대할 수 있는 기타 모든 방법을 도입 및 강화시킬 수 있 는 기회를 제공해야 한다는 것이다. 한편, 나이지리아 해적의 특성은 항만과 주 변 환경, 연안, 공해와 같은 영토적인 요소와 함께 사회적인 요소를 포함하고 있다. 선박 및 항만시설 보안 코드는 해사분야의 이해관계자에게 역할을 분담 함으로써 해적으로 인한 보안 위험요소를 예방하고 극복하는 데 있어서 전 해 역에 걸쳐 적용될 제도를 도입하고 있다. 이 논문은 전 세계의 해적방지를 목적으로 나이지리아 연안에서의 해적을 방지하기 위해 동 코드의 역할을 살펴보 고자 한다. 그리고 이 논문은 동 코드의 효과적이고 광범위한 시행이 해적공격 에 대한 선박의 취약성을 감소시키고 해적위험성 평가를 강화시키며 궁극적으 로 나이지리아 연안에서의 해적발생을 감소시키는 등 해적행위 대응을 위한 능 력개발을 강화시키는지에 대해 고찰해보고자 한다.

본 논문은 국제적인 활동을 펼치고 있는 일본의 무라카미 타카시와 중국의 차이 궈창이 전략 적으로 스스로의 ‘타자성’을 부각시키는 작품을 통해 해외 진출을 성공적으로 이룬 과정을 살피고 있다. 이는 에드워드 사이드가 말하는 오리엔탈리즘이 서양의 동양에 대한 통제 일뿐 아니라 동양 이 서양의 시각을 내재화시키는 측면이 함축됨을 보여주고 있다. 무라카미의 경우 미국진출을 염 두에 두면서 그 전까지의 시사적 작업에서 멀어지고, 현대일본의 특수층의 취미문화라 할 수 있는 오타쿠와 관련된 이미지들을 제작, 발표한다. 차이는 중국 미술계의 디아스포라라는 대대적인 이 주의 시절에 일본으로 이동하여, 중국의 4대발명품으로 일컬어지는 화약을 사용한 작업으로 자신 의 특수성을 각인시키는데 성공한다. 두 작가의 경우 모두 스스로가 개척해온 ‘타자 이미지’의 초 월을 통해 비로소 동양인 국제파 작가에서 단순히 ‘국제적’ 작가로 재인식될 수 있을 것이다.

As CFRP with only a single material shows the various fracture properties, it has been applied to the many areas through the whole industry. The method bonding with adhesive has been recommended to apply the CFRP to structure. But it is inevitable that the mechanical joints with bolt, nut and rivet have been used sometimes. This study investigates the effect that these joints influence the CFRP panel through the analysis result. The analysis models as CFRP panels with the thickness of 5 mm have four kinds of layer angles which are 30°, 45°, 60° and 75°. The fracture property is examined when the pressure by the mechanical joint is applied to the upper panel. As the joint pressure is distributed most effectively in case of the layer angle of 60°, it is shown that this pressure becomes lower and the deformation of panel becomes lowest. On the basis of this study result, it is thought that the foundation data for the design of CFRP structure can be provided and contributed to the safety design of structure.

When a State becomes the contracting parties to multiple FTAs concurrently, the State has to face serious challenges since all these different FTAs present different rules in certain segments of the agreements. All the participants are thus forced to walk a tightrope as one government is now supposed to play by many different playbooks. It is time to understand the real impact of the FTAs on the current trade regime, so that the States can take an informed decision when they devise their respective FTAs. Given the continued failure to complete the deals in the Doha Development Agenda, it is necessary that the States purport to negotiate and conclude bilateral or regional trade agreements with like-minded countries, and apply new rules of trade through such agreements. But the consequence of such regional experiments of fragmented rules should not be forgotten, in particular, concerning the long-term impact on the multilateralism. This article argues that the real impact of FTAs, particularly multilateral ones, does not lie in mere preferential tariff concessions, but rather gradual dismantling of multilateralism through incorporation of fragmented rules of trade. In this respect, China’s role is critical in devising and implementing FTAs in a way that can also help preserve the multilateralism.

회사 내외에서 막강한 권한을 행사하는 발기인, 이사, 집행임원, 감사, 감사위원, 지배인, 검사인, 청산인, 사채권자집회의 대표자 등이 청렴하여 야 국민경제가 발전하고 깨끗한 사회, 정의로운 사회를 구현될 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 상법은 이들에게 무거운 법적 책임을 지우고 이를 위반 할 경우에는 민사책임을 부담시키는 외에도 행정목적의 실효성 제고를 위하여 엄중한 형사 처분을 인정하고 있다. 그러나 회사에 있어서 이사 등 임원의 혼탁한 양상은 너무 많은데도 상법 제630조가 적용되어 독직 죄가 인정된 사례를 찾아보기 힘들다. 이 연구는 그 동안 사문화되다시피 하여 학계와 실무계의 관심 밖에 있던 동 법제를 정비할 수 있는 단초를 제공함으로써 이와 관련된 범죄 가 발생할 경우, 동조의 적용을 가능하게 하고, 그러한 범죄를 예방할 수 있도록 하여 깨끗하고 투명한 사회, 정의로운 경제 질서 확립에 기여하 는 한편 이사 등 임원의 직무집행의 공정성과 이에 대한 사회의 신뢰를 보호하는데 보탬이 되고자 한다. 이 연구는 독직죄에 관한 이론구성과 그 본질을 함께 하는 형법상의 뇌 물죄를 비교하면서 법제를 정비하기 위하여 필요한 부분을 보충하는 형식 을 취하고 있다. 그 결과 법제를 정비하기 위해서는 행위주체에 사실상의 이사(상법 제401조의2 업무집행지시자 등)를 포함해야 한다는 점, 재산상 이익의 개념 확대, 처벌 강화, 그리고 본조의 적용을 위한 해석기준으로서 직무범위를 구체화해야 할 필요성 및 윤리규준의 마련 및 지속적인 교육 홍보활동 추진, 지속적인 감시감독활동의 강화, 고소고발의 활성화와 고발 인 보호제도, 독립된 기업수사기관 설치 등을 제안하고 있다.

이 논문은 2015년 헤밍웨이호가 공해상에서 선박의 충돌 또는 그 밖의 항행사건을 일으킨 후 선원을 구조하지 아니하고 도주한 사건에 대해서 기국주의와 피해국의 국가 사이 형사재판관할권의 대한 법원의 판례를 평석하고 법리적 견해를 제시한 연구이다. 이 사건과 관련하여 제1차적으로 적용될 법률은 유언해양법협약 및 국제해상충돌예방규칙과 국내법으로 형법, 선박교통사고도주죄, 수난구호법, 해양환경관리법 등이 있다. 유엔해양법협약 제97조 제1항의 규정은 공해상에서 선박의 충돌사건 또는 공해상에서 그 밖의 항행사건의 형사재판관할권은 기국이나 가해선의 국적국이 가지도록 하고 있다. 유엔해양법협약 제97조 제1항의 입법취지는 과실행위를 열거하고 그 열거된 행위(선박충돌 또는 그 밖의 항행사건)에 대해서만 피해국의 부당한 간섭을 배제하고 기국과 가해자의 국적국이 관할권을 행사할 수 있도록 규정한 것이다. Lotus호 사건에서 확인된 것은 가해국인 기국과 객관적 속지주의에 의한 피해국의 국가 모두 양립적 형사관할권이 있다는 점이다. 다만 Lotus호 사건은 헤밍웨이호 사건과 달리 국제법으로 규정된 ‘공해협약’이나 ‘유엔해양법협약’이 존재하지 않았을 당시에 관습국제법의 유무로 따져본 것이고, 또한 선박과 기국의 진정연결관계가 없는 편의치적선이며, 외교관계에서 관련국과의 관계에서 적절한 조치를 취했으나 관련국에서는 아무런 이의제기가 없는 점에서 서로 다른 점이다. 헤밍웨이호 사건은 충돌사고 후 인명구조를 하지 않고 도주한 제2차적 행위에 관해서는 국내형법과 수난구호법에 의거 명백히 선박사고 후 추가로 발생한 고의범죄행위라는 점이다. 이 사건에 대한 검찰의 공소제기의 요지는 선박교통사고도주죄의 경우 충돌사고 후에 발생된 추가적 고의범죄행위이며 이 고의범에까지는 유엔해양법협약 제97조 제1항의 입법취지가 아니라는 것이다. 그러나 부산지방법원은 이 사건에 대해서 유엔해양법협약 제97조 제1항을 적용하여 피해국의 형사재판관할권은 없다고 판결하고 공소기각판결을 한 것이다. 필자는 이 사건에 대해서 형사재판권의 행사는 국가주권의 표현이고 국가주권은 자국민들의 생명과 안전을 보호하기 위하여 행사되어야 할 것인데, 입법 불비로 인한 명확하고 엄격한 기준이 없거나 논란의 소지가 있는 유엔해양법협약 제97조 제1항을 단순히 국내법보다 신법이기 때문에 우선적으로 적용되어야 한다면, 선박교통사고도주죄, 수난구호법은 유엔해양법협약보다 오히려 신법인데도 불구하고 신법에 의거하지 아니하고 단순히 유엔해양법협약의 당사국이라는 이유로 이 사건 공소기각판결을 내린 것은 국제법과 국내법의 관계를 법리적으로 오해에 의한 것이라고 생각한다. 또한 이 사건의 경우 쉽사리 포기되어서는 아니 될 사건이기 때문에 향후 상고심에서 이 모든 상황을 고려해서 합리적인 판결을 내릴 것을 기대한다.

본 연구는 인천광역시내 유통되고 있는 기타가공품에 대하여 중금속 (납, 카드뮴, 수은), 부정유해물질 (발기부전치료제와 그 유사물질 36종, 비만치료제 3종, 스테로이드 28종)을 조사하여 안전성을 평가하고, 기타가공품에 대한 기준규격 제정 시 기초자료로서 제공하고자 실시하였다. 그결과 부정유해물질은 검출되지 않았고, 중금속은 납(Pb) 0.001~13.39(mg/kg), 카드뮴(Cd) 0.003~1.231(mg/kg), 수은(Hg)은 0.001~0.650(mg/kg)의 결과를 얻었다. 기타가 공품은 중금속에 대한 규격 기준이 없으므로, 중금속의 국내·외 기준을 비교하였을 때 중금속 최고기준을 적용하 면 납(Pb)과 수은(Hg)에서 각각 2건씩 4건이 초과되는 것으로 확인되었다. 검사결과를 바탕으로 한 중금속의 위해성 평가는 FAO/WHO (Codex)의 잠정주간섭취허용량(PTWI)과 비교결과, 해물파전믹스, 들깨가루는 Pb의 PTWI의 기준 0.214를 초과하였다. 결론적으로 분말류나 환제품을 유사식품 기준으로 적용 하면 부적합으로 판정 될 수 있기 때문에 규격검사를 피할 목적으로 기타가공품으로의 등록을 지향한다. 이를 악용할 경우 검사의 사각지대로 인해 시민의 건강이 위협 받을 수 있다. 따라서 품목제조허가 신고시 규격외 일반가공식품에서 기타가공품으로의 등록을 지양하고, 기타가공품의 세부적인 검사규격을 제정하여 관리해야 함을 제언한다.

One of the longstanding goals of both managers and researchers has been to understand the characteristics of effective salespeople. Selling orientation (SO), one of the general approaches of salespeople, has also been referred to in several studies as selling behaviors (Saxe and Weitz 1982; Brown et al. 1992; Jaramillo et al. 2007). SO is the degree to which salespeople place their own needs and/or the needs of the firm before those of their customers by attempting to sell as much as possible to customers. This is exhibited when salespeople are primarily engaged in selling activities that emphasize “getting the sale” (Schultz and Good 2000; Boles et al. 2001). Few researchers focus their attention on SO as one of the sales approaches enhancing sales performance and previous studies generally discuss SO as a factor negatively correlated with customer orientation (CO) (Saxe and Weitz 1982; Brown et al. 1992). These studies suggest SO should be controlled to encourage CO. However, Schwepker (2003) shows in his overviews of recent research that there is not a general consensus on the relationship between SO and individual sales performance. In fact, some studies indicate that SO increases individual sales performance, while others find that it is not an influential factor (e.g. Goff et al. 1997; Boles et al. 2001; Wachnel et al. 2009). Salespeople are required to adopt long-term perspectives as well as short-term sales results simultaneously in a competitive market; thus, it is meaningful to explore whether SO, as an aggressive sales approach, improves individual sales performance and whether SO can be used as an effective organizational indicator. Some studies, on the other hand, argue that the relationship between SO and individual performance is affected by moderating factors, such as differences in performance measurement (subjective or objective) (Jaramillo et al. 2007) and the sales skill level salespeople possess (Wachner et al. 2009). For example, Wachner et al. (2009) tested the moderating impact of three selling skills: interpersonal skills, salesmanship skills, and technical skills. These studies show that various external and individual factors can affect the relationship between SO and performance. Unfortunately, the impact of internal factors, such as integration with other functional members of the organization, has largely ignored. However, integration between salespeople and a variety of functional members is crucial for exchanging information and activating organizational learning (Rouizes et al. 2005), which may affect sales strategy. Indeed, salespeople, as boundary spanners, cooperate with other functional members and provide the firm with external market information (Griffin and Hauser 1990; Singh 1998; Krohmer et al. 2002). On the other hand, salespeople also receive information and support regarding new products and product delivery from other functional members, which benefits individuals’ sales performance. Our study, therefore, aims to examine the performance impact of SO at the level of the individual salesperson. In addition, we test for the moderating effect of integration with other functional members. We use the term integration as proposed by Kahn (2001), in which levels of integration are gauged by the extent of information exchange and personal interaction, and argue that integration, as an option internally available to salespeople, will increase the effectiveness of a sales approach. The indices we use to judge individual sales performance are as follows: the sales figures achieved, the degree to which the salesperson commits to the target sales figure, the number of new customers found, and the level of task innovation displayed in comparison with other members of the same sales team. SO is usually seen as a short-term sales approach. While pure SO cannot have a positive effect on customer loyalty or satisfaction levels (Boles et al. 2001; Schwepker 2003), it is often the most effective short-term selling method. In fact, Wachner et al. (2009) report that SO directly increased individual sales performance in the B to B market settings. Moreover, Boles et al. (2001) reported that SO is not harmful to relationships with customers for in-store retail settings because customers expect salespeople to engage in selling-oriented behavior to some degree. Schwepker (2003) argues that salespeople are more likely to utilize SO in an effort to meet the demands and goals placed on them when managements use the outcome-based measurements (e.g. financial performance) to evaluate their performance. This may mean that when salespeople take a more strongly selling-oriented approach, they increase their attention on selling itself and find effective methods for increasing performance. These discussions show that SO is influential in increasing sales performance. Our first hypothesis, therefore, is: H1. SO positively affects individual sales performance. Meunier-FitzHugh and Piercy (2007) emphasize that the selling of products and services is not exclusive to marketing or sales. Integration between different functional members is vital to improved customer satisfaction and product development performance (Kahn 2001). In addition, Kahn and Mentzer (1998) show that integration between different functional members has a positive influence on performance in terms of department success, overall firm performance and new product development. The authors explain that the information exchange intrinsic to integration allows members to reduce uncertainty, thereby facilitating different types of performance. By transmitting information and interacting with members who work in complementary functions, salespeople are more likely to increase their product knowledge and control time schedules. Accordingly, we expect integration with other functional members to positively impact individual performance. According to Storbacka et al. (2009), sales can play an important role in new product development, which also increases opportunities to broaden customer relationships and modify sales strategies. We argue that when integration is coupled with SO, individual performance improves because integration modifies SO’s aggressive behaviors into an adaptive selling style. Adaptive selling is considered “the altering of sales behaviors during a customer interaction or across customer interactions based on perceived information about the nature of the selling situation” (Weitz et al. 1986, p. 175). Franke and Park (2006) argue that the benefits of adaptive selling behaviors are likely to outweigh the costs of gathering and applying information to specific situations, thereby improving overall individual sales performance. Thus, if salespeople integrate with other functional members in the process of selling products and providing customized service according to customer needs, we expect that the relationship between SO and individual performance will be stronger. On the other hand, role ambiguity of salespeople may be reduced by high SO, which stimulate salespeople to put higher priorities on selling and short-term purpose (Tubre and Collins, 2000; Wachner et al. 2009). Low role ambiguity will make functional integration efficient and effective since allocation and coordination regarding functional roles cost less compared with the situation where the roles are ambiguous. Therefore, when salespeople have higher SO, integration produces more results in shorter time. Hence, on the basis of this reasoning, we hypothesize that: H2. Integration positively affects individual sales performance. H3. The positive relationship between SO and individual sales performance is stronger when salespeople are more integrated with other functional members. 382 questionnaires were handed out to a firm and 186 salespeople including the sales managers filled in the questionnaires. This company’s services and products are related to real estate, car insurance and financial insurance. We chose this particular company because the salespeople are encouraged to use SO approaches and generally integrate with other functional members. Based on Wachner et al. (2009), SO was measured with a three-item indicator that included the following items: “high sales performance is more important than how to accomplish it,” “I try to focus attention on the degree of sales performance compared with others,” and “when a company appraises salespeople, only financial performance has to be considered.” These measures were modified from those used in Wachner et al. (2009) to reflect SO’s short-term transactional manner and emphasis on high financial performance. In addition, the integration with other functional members referred to in Kahn and Mentzer (1998) was also measured using an indicator with the following items: “I frequently exchanges information with other functional members,” “I am actively gathering information from colleagues with different functions,” “critical information is shared between colleagues with different functions,” and “the integration between sales and other functions is possible.” We assessed the validity and dimensionality of our reflective constructs by performing a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Our CFA model contains SO (three items, α= .730), integration (four items, α= .839), and performance (four items, α = .826). The model shows an acceptable fit with the data with a χ2 of 153.481 (df = 41, p< .001), a comparative fit index (CFI) of .926, AGFI of 0.846 and a root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of .10. We conducted a moderated hierarchical regression analysis to test our hypotheses. Regression results have been provided in Table 1. After mean-centering the interaction variables, multicollinearity was irrelevant because the VIF of the multicollinearity statistic was low level. Model 1 includes control variables and the effects of SO and integration. Model 1 reveals a positive effect of selling orientation (β= .201, p< .01) and integration (β= .358, p< .001) on performance. In Model 2, interaction terms were added. The Model 2 results indicate that the interaction effect between SO and integration on performance is positive and significant (β= .142, p< .05) supporting H3. Post hoc analysis also confirms that integration moderates SO to increase performance. Specifically, examination of the simple regression lines show that there is only an effect of the SO on performance when the salesperson’s integration level is high (t= 3.60, p< .00), but is not significant when integration level is low (t= 1.085, ns). Overall, our results indicate that SO and integration have an important impact on individual sales performance. In addition, as shown by Fig. 1, SO affects individual performance more positively when salespeople integrate more fully with other functional members. These results highlight the tact that, when they co-exist, SO and integration between different functional members contributes to increased individual sales performance. As one of the components of market orientation, integration with other functional members prompts salespeople to consider customer satisfaction. By exchanging knowledge and contributing to internal information flow, integration allows salespeople to develop SO into an adaptive selling approach, thereby increasing sales performance. On the other hand, because high SO results in salespeople using their time and efforts more effectively for performance with integration than low SO, sales performance increases. From a theoretical perspective, the findings we report here taking into account the moderating effects of integration, present a new understanding of the relationship between SO and individual performance. Moreover, our findings have managerial implications. Although SO has a positive effect on individual performance, SO also presents considerable challenges, such as decreasing customer loyalty and endangering salespeople’s job satisfaction (Boles et al. 2001; Schwepker 2003). As a result, the relationship between SO and salespeople’s individual performance requires more discussion and should be considered carefully. Our study shows that sales management could potentially increase sales performance by using cross function teams and setting financial goals, which would simultaneously encourage integration as well as SO (Rouziès et al. 2005).

The aim of this study was to compare the electromyographic (EMG) activity levels of the scapular upward rotators [upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), and serratus anterior (SA)] and other scapular muscles [posterior deltoid (PD), levator scapulae (LS), and infraspinatus (IS)] during isometric lower trapezius exercises. Twenty males with no medical history of shoulder pain or upper extremity disorders were recruited for this study. EMG activity was recorded from the UT, LT, SA, PD, LS, and IS while subjects performed three different exercises: Prone arm lift (PAL), Backward rocking diagonal arm lift (BRDAL), Modified Prone Cobra (MPC). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine any significant differences among the three exercises. A lower relative activation of UT, LT, and SA was seen with the MPC than with the other exercises (p<.05). The relatively lower activation of the UT identified, the MPC exercise as the preferred choice for preferential strengthening the LT (p<.05). However, a higher activation in the PD, LS, and IS occurred with the MPC than with the other exercises (p>.05). The recruitment pattern of synergist varied depending on the exercise posture. These findings suggest that exercise posture is an important factor in the selection of strengthening exercise for weak muscle.

본 논문은 서양의 문학과 예술의 비평역사에서 가장 근본적이면서도 중심적 문제로 다루어져 온 숭고미를 동양의 종교인 불교의 철학, 특히 선(챈, 젠)불교와 접목시켜 더욱 발전시키는 데에 그 목적을 둔다. 문학과 예술작품을 감상할 때에 경험하게 되는 향유(enjoyment; jouissance)가 가장 고조되는 순간이 숭고미의 순간이라 함이 맞는 말일 것이다. 이것은 불교에서 보면 독자의 생각을 형성하는 이분법의 양변이 없어지고 중도를 통해 공에 접근하는 경험이다. 유뿐 아니라 무의 개념도 초월하여 개념이 성립하지 못하는 영역을 잠시나마 접하는 경험이다. 이러한 목적과 취지로, 본 논문은 우선 데리다, 라캉, 들뢰즈 등의 이론을 조명함으로써 왜 레비나스의 윤리학이 자아의 바깥인 타자를 가장 근본적으로 접근하고 동양철학과 가장 근접해있는 이론인가를 살펴본다. 그 다음은 불교철학에서의 개념들을 유대교와 기독교에 큰 영향을 받은 철학자인 레비나스의 생각과 접목시켜서 서양의 문학비평이론에 위치시키는 작업이 뒤따른다. 서양의 절대 신과 불교의 공의 개념의 개념을 비교하며, 그 툴이 생각과 언어가 미치지 못하는 가장 깊은 차원에서는 하나의 뜻을 지녔음을 설명한다. 이러한 점에서 본 논문은 생각과 체제의 차원에서는 엄격히 다른 종교들이 결국 추구하는 바는 같고 그것이 문학의 목표이기도 함을 논의하는 것이다. 레비나스의 "순수자아"는 불교의 "진아" 또는 "참나"와 같으며, 그것은 가장 깊은 내면에서 자아가 자기해체를 하며 절대적으로 자신의 외계(단순히 무시 받는 남으로서의 타자가 아닌)인 타자를 직면하는 자아이다. 문학서적을 읽음으로써 독자가 생각의 이분법을 넘어 자신의 외계를 일견하는 것은 이러한 종교적 의미보다는 작은 개념으로서, 텍스트가 마치 선불교의 "공안"과 같은 구조에 의해 형성되었음을 알 수 있다. 즉 텍스트의 총체성을 해체시키는 읽기는 마치 이성의 힘, 생각의 차원 이상을 목표로 하는 선문답과 같은 형태를 갖고 있는 것이다. 독자는 문학텍스트를 읽음으로써 향유와 숭고미를 경험할 때 그 의식이 텍스트와 하나가 되며, 텍스트의 총체성 뿐 아니라 자신의 인생의 의미를 규정하는 자아의 틀까지 해체하게 됨으로, 이것은 곧 (언어와 행동의 틀을 가지고 있는 "도덕"이 아닌) 절대윤리를 대변하는 것이 된다. 화엄경 등에 나오는 공과 무한에 대한 말들이 어떻게 현재의 포스트모던 윤리학과 그것을 이용한 문학비평 형성의 발전에 공헌될 수 있는가가 논의된다. 결국 독자의 문학택스트 읽기의 최종점은 부처의 마음과 지혜에 도달하는 것인데, 큰 규모가 아니라 단지 섬광과 같이 그 무한한 공의 상태를 숭고미를 통해 맛보는 것이다. 마지막에는 필자의 생각인 "숭고주체"가 설명된다.

본 연구는 어류군집을 이용하여 회야강 수계와 인근 하천의 건강도를 분석하고 해당하천을 효과적으로 관리 하기 위하여 29지점에 대한 어류상을 조사하였다. 2007 년 실시된 조사에서 총 12과 33종의 어류가 채집되었으며, 전체 조사지점에서 우점종은 피라미 (Zacco platypus, RA: 24.8%), 아우점종은 버들치(Rhynchocypris oxycephalus, RA: 16.2%)로 나타났다. 또한 8종의 한국고유종과 4 종의 외래종, 그리고 타 수계로부터 도입된 2종의 이입종 (끄리, Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis; 치리, Hemiculter eigenmanni)의 서식이 확인되었다. 하천별 건강성 평가를 위해 어류군집을 이용하여 생물보전지수 (IBI)를 구한 결과 2지점이 B 등급인 것을 제외한 대부분 C~D 등급으로 확인되었다. 조사지점 인근의 토지이용이 하천 의 건강성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 생물보전지수 와 토지이용과의 Pearson correlation 분석을 실시한 결 과 개발지가 증가할수록 생물보전지수가 감소하였다 (r=-0.425, p=0.022). 반대로 생물보전지수와 숲과 초지 는 양의 상관성을 보였으며(r=0.556, p=0.002), 경작지는 유의한 상관관계를 나타내지 않았다 (r=-0.231, p= 0.333). 본 연구를 통해 확인된 회야강 수계 및 인근하천 의 어류군집구조, 하천의 건강도, 인근 토지이용과의 상 관관계는 유역 토지의 개발로 인한 인근 하천의 영향 예 측 및 해당하천의 관리 및 복원사업에 있어 유용하게 이 용될 수 있을 것이다.

The objective of this study was to identify the effects of various environmental effects associated with performance testing results in pig population of domestic pig breeding farms. Performance test data collected from 2,000 to 2,010 were a total of 265,901 heads. By breeds, data consisted of Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire. Environmental factors considered in models were breed, sex, farm, year of test, season of test, and parity. Broad range of age at testing day averaged at 155 days of age were grouped as A (up to 140 days) B (141~150 days), C (151~160 days), D (161~170 days), and E (greater than 170 days). Traits analyzed were ADG, days to 90 ㎏, end weight (body weight at the test day), rib eye area, back fat thickness. Age group effects were all significant for all the traits studied (p<0.05). As ages at test day get greater, ADG, days to 90 ㎏ and end weight tended to be greater while ultrasound measures of rib eye area and back fat thickness tended to be less. This would be the results of linear age adjustments on ultrasound measures, that caused overestimation in younger age groups and underestimation in older age groups than in average age group (C). This was evidenced by looking at ultrasound measures before linear age adjustments were applied. We conclude that, for more accurate performance testing, testing within guided age interval should be abided. And further researches should be made on biologically justifiable methods of age adjustments especially for ultrasound measures.

Clegg (2009: 46) issued that there has been a tendency that government in different parts of the world nowadays are interested in introducing English-medium teaching (bilingual education) into the school system. In Indonesian context, the attempts to teaching other subjects through English (TOSTE) or the use of English as the medium of instruction (MoI) have been widely tried to be implemented in the schools around the country, especially at International Standard School (ISS). The English mastery of other subjects’ teachers (OST) becomes one of the key factors on the success or failure on the development of the bilingual learners (BL) on the mastery of the subject matters learned at ISS. This article is aimed at giving a brief overview on the implementation of bilingual education (BE) at the ISS. This article finds that the implementation of TOSTE or the use of English as MoI at ISS has raised many problems due to the lack understanding of the society on ISS and the lack competency of English mastery of the OST itself.

The study was conducted to develop the full seasonal phenology model of G. molesta in pear orchard. G. molesta is a multi-voltine insect with four to five generations per year depending on temperature, food resources and geographic location. For precise model construction, information on temperature-dependent development and the distribution of developmental completion of overwinteirng and summer G. molesta population was used. The performance of model was based on single cohort population of G. molesta. The validation of model system was performed with the male moth catches in sex pheromone-baited traps of pear orchards in four pear production regions (Anseong, Icheon, Naju and Ulju), three apple production regions (Andong, Chungju and Geochang), and four plum orchards (Uiseong) of Korea in 2010 and 2011, respectively. The observed phenology of seasonal population of G. molesta was explained by our model system. The predicted dates for the cumulative 50% male moth catches per each generation were within seven days variation per each generation. The precise predictive model of G. molesta adult occurrence could help decision making and enhancing control efficacy.

The present study is an investigation of young Korean Protestants’ views of other faiths and how they understand mission and evangelism based on those views. The empirical research shows that a considerable number of young Korean Christians have now embraced pluralistic viewpoint concerning other religions, along with the postmodern relativistic perspective about truth claims. This research concludes that both perspectives weaken the motive of traditional Christian evangelism and mission toward people of other faiths. The empirical research also indicates the urgency to recognize pluralistic and relativistic tendencies among young Korean Protestants in the history of the Korean Protestant Church. In other words, the emerging pluralistic and postmodern viewpoint, which is gaining popularity among young Koreans, is beginning to compete with the dominant traditional Korean Protestant exclusivistic theology of religions. Thus, we are beginning to see the competition between exclusivism and pluralism or relativism (religious and postmodern). An important missional issue regarding exclusivism and pluralism is that both can easily fail to engage people of other faiths. While the exclusivists close their mind and try not to listen to people of other faiths, the pluralists think it unnecessary to share the Christian faith. As a result they both have that the tendency to avoid engaging with the ‘other,’ that is, people of other faiths. In response, the researcher suggests “dialogical evangelism,” with the intention to escape the missional dangers post by both exclusivism and pluralism, and to encourage Christians to engage the ‘others’ in dialogue and love for evangelism. Having taken other faiths into consideration since the 1910 Edinburgh Conference of the World Missionary Conference, many mission thinkers have become involved in how to do missions toward people of other faiths. The dialogical approach to people of other faiths has proved to be a desirable way of doing missions. On the other hand, evangelicals have argued that its ultimate goal should be evangelism. Therefore, integrating the strengths of these two approaches, for the Korean Protestant Church and the new generation of Christians, the researcher suggests dialogical evangelism as the most viable approach to people of other faiths.

The objective of this study was to develop a stock that can be used to make a variety of dishes. For this, stock was prepared with beef, chicken, and pork meat as animal meats as well as anchovy, mushroom, and sea tangle as other ingredients. The qualities of six[only four though] kinds of stocks made with beef only (B), beef and chicken (BC), beef and pork (BP), and beef added with chicken and pork (BCP), and seven kinds of stocks made with anchovy (A), mushroom (M), sea tangle (S), anchovy and mushroom (AM), anchovy and sea tangle (AS), mushroom and sea tangle (MS), and anchovy added with mushroom and sea tangle (AMS) were investigated by sensory evaluation. The most preferred stock made with animal meat was mixed with the most preferred stock made with other ingredients at a 5% level to test the synergistic effects of palatability. As a result, BCP stock and AMS stock obtained the highest scores for overall preference. BCP stock within the range of 30%-65% along with the mixed stock containing AMS (35%-70%) showed synergistic effects for palatability.

Western style timber roof trusses used as typical roof structures of buildings during a modern period have been developed with the interactions with their facade and functionality. The shapes of trusses and member sizes have been diversely changed by the purposes of architects, historical circumstances, and structural characteristics. For this reason, the change in the shapes of western style timber trusses along the times is one of important technology assets demonstrating the development of their structures during the modern period. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to find out their structural characteristics throughout parametric analysis of which parameters were determined from the collected and classified documents on western style timber roof structure built in the modern period carefully obtained from public institutions. Results of the parametric analysis are as follows. The number of king-post trusses and modified king-post trusses built between 1920 and 1937 reaches almost half of the total number of truss types investigated. The mean values of their spans, distances, tributary areas, and height are respectively, 10.5m, 2.4m, 24.37㎡ and 3.24m. The cross-section areas of trusses tend to reduce since the city construction law was enacted in 1920. Also, this study found that western architects usually used larger structural members than eastern architects and usages and finishing materials of roof trusses are not always considered as one of the important design parameters.