본 연구는 인성역량이 학업지속성에 영향을 미치는지 그리고 이들 관계가 회복탄력성에 따라 다르게 조절되는지 살펴보았다. 이와 더불어 학업지속성에 대한 인성역량들의 상대적 기여도를 검증하였다. 그 결과, 자기이해, 공감능력, 공정성, 협동심, 그리고 인권의식이 높을수록 학업지속성이 높았다. 특히, 협동 심은 학업지속성을 가장 잘 예측하는 변인이었다(약 6.2% 설명). 이들 결과는 협동심에 중점을 둔 인성교육이 학업지속성 향상에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있다 는 것을 시사한다. 조절효과와 관련하여, 회복탄력성이 높을 때는 자기이해가 높을수록 학업지속성이 증가한 반면, 회복탄력성이 낮을 때는 학업지속성은 자 기이해 수준에 따라 다르지 않았다. 이 결과는 높은 수준의 회복탄력성은 학 업지속성에 대한 자기이해의 효과를 극대화 할 수 있다는 것을 보여준 다. 본 연구 결과는 학습지속성 향상을 위한 인성교육 프로그램 개발에 도움이 될 것이다.

This study aims to distinguish between various Ethiopian durum wheat varieties based on their genetic identity using chemical and morphological characterization of seeds. Combinatorial employment of five chemical tests on seeds showed marked qualitative variation among the test varieties, with high discriminatory potential noted for the standard phenol test, followed by the modified phenol and iodide tests. The modified phenol test was instrumental in further discriminating between the varieties that were not identified using the standard phenol test. Unlike the iodide and phenol tests, the NaOH and KOH tests did not show significant variation among the varieties. These results underscore the efficacy of phenol and iodide tests in differentiating between durum wheat varieties. Although the morphological traits were advantageous in seed characterization, they lacked discriminatory power compared with that of the chemical tests. This study concludes that a single test is inadequate for varietal discrimination; rather, a combination of chemical tests can augment the discriminatory potential.

Background: Recently, the single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) method, which incorporates not only genomic information but also phenotypic information of pedigree, is under study. In this study, we performed a ssGBLUP analysis on a commercial Hanwoo population using phenotypic, genotypic, and pedigree data. Methods: The test population comprised Hanwoo 1,740 heads raised in four regions of Korea, while the reference population used Hanwoo 18,499 heads raised across the country and two-generation pedigree data. Analysis was performed using genotype data generated by the Hanwoo 50 K SNP beadchip. Results: The mean Genome estimated breeding values (GEBVs) estimated using the ssGBLUP methods for carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), back fat thickness (BFT), and marbling score (MS) were 7.348, 1.515, -0.355, and 0.040, respectively, while the accuracy of each trait was 0.749, 0.733, 0.769, and 0.768, respectively. When the correlation analysis between the GEBVs as a result of this study and the actual slaughter performance was confirmed, CWT, EMA, BFT, and MS were reported to be 0.519, 0.435, 0.444, and 0.543, respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the ssGBLUP method enables a more accurate evaluation because it conducts a genetic evaluation of an individual using not only genotype information but also phenotypic information of the pedigree. Individual evaluation using the ssGBLUP method is considered effective for enhancing the genetic ability of farms and enabling accurate and rapid improvements. It is considered that if more pedigree information of reference population is collected for analysis, genetic ability can be evaluated more accurately.

This study investigated the diversity of butterfly communities inhabiting agroecosystems and examined the effect of latitude and longitude. The ecological characteristics of butterflies inhabiting rural ecosystems, such as habitat preference and food plant range, were also examined. This study was conducted from 2019 to 2022, selecting 10 locations nationwide and conducting line transect surveys every two weeks for four years, confirming a total of 112 species and 21,901 individuals. There was no difference in the number of species and individuals by region, but there was a clear difference in community composition. The most abundant species in rural ecosystems were Pieris rapae, Polygonia c-aureum, Zizeeria maha, and Colias erate, in that order. There was no significant difference in the number of species and individuals by latitude and longitude, indicating no peninsula effect. Habitat preference showed that butterflies preferring grasslands and forest edges were much more common than those preferring the forest interior, and the food breadth was mostly oligophagous, followed by monophagous and polyphagous. Butterflies inhabiting agroecosystems had ecological characteristics that preferred open spaces such as grasslands and forest edges or relatively diverse foods, due to the similarity of the environmental characteristics of the survey points. Through this study, we believe that continuous monitoring is necessary to determine whether climate change, which is currently underway and habitat change are affecting butterflies in agroecosystems.

Stomatal pore is an important physiological trait that is closely linked to photosynthesis and transpiration as carbon dioxide and water vapor move through it between the atmosphere and plants. The present study investigated stomatal traits, such as stomatal density, index and size, of herbaceous native and alien plant species living in a riparian park on the Nakdong River to understand how those traits vary and to know if successful settlement of alien plants is attributed to those traits. There was no difference in stomatal density, index and size between native and alien plants with kidney-shaped stomata, suggesting that an empty ecological niche is not an essential prerequisite for the successful settlement of alien plants. Stomatal density showed a negative correlation with leaf thickness and leaf dry weight content (LMDC), but there was no correlation with Specific leaf area (SLA). All plants with kidney-shaped stomata had amphistomatous leaves, and the density and size of dumbell-shaped stomata were lower than those of kidney-shaped stomata.

To identify some significant phenotypic characteristics of maize(zea mays) seeds, we have obtained Red, Green, Blue(RGB) digital image data from 82 recombinant inbred lines. Based on the collected image data, their morphological and color data were analyzed, and seven significant parameters were selected, including area, perimeter, length, width, circularity, roundness, and surface texture. The extracted RGB data were converted into color hex codes to visualize the representative colors of the seeds. These visualized colors were categorized into six groups: gray, yellowish white, yellow, grayish orange, purple, and brown. The results of maize seed phenotypic analysis using the RGB digital images in this study will serve as a useful tool for constructing a database of seed phenotyping database and establishing a standardized classification system.

This experiment investigated the effects of feed additives of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai (SQN) extract on Landrace pigs on economic traits such as the quality, physiological characteristics, and productivity. Sixteen pigs with an average age of 154 days were selected as experimental subjects. The experiment was conducted by dividing the group into eight pigs for the supplementation group, feeding with SQN extract, and another eight for the control group feeding without SQN extract. Water was fed ad libitum. On the 30th day, there was no significant difference between meat quality and productivity. However, the glucose and thyroxine were statistically lower with the supplementation group than with the control group (p<0.05). Also, the levels of creatinine difference between 1.18 ± 0.12 ㎎/㎗ with the supplementation group and 0.70 ± 0.06 ㎎/㎗ with the control group (p<0.05). However, all serum biochemistry values were within a normal range, with no health problems. The present study will help solve the problem of reducing the diversity of plant species in Halla Mountain by increasing the availability of the SQN as a pig feed additive.

본 연구에서는 공유리더십이 심리적 웰빙에 미치는 영향과, 그 과정에서 심리적 주인의식의 매개효과 를 살펴보고, 아울러 심리적 주인의식과 심리적 웰빙 간의 관계에서 에이전틱·커뮤널 성향의 조절효과를 검증하는 데 목적이 있다. 실증분석을 위해 다양한 산업에 재직하고 있는 직장인 250명을 대상으로 온라 인 설문조사를 실시하였고, 이 중 213명의 유효한 데이터를 분석에 사용하였다. 공유리더십과 심리적 웰 빙 간의 직접효과를 검증하기 위해 다중회귀분석을 실시하였고, 심리적 주인의식의 매개효과를 검증하기 위해 Process macro Model 4를 활용한 부트스트래핑(bootstrapping)으로 분석하였으며, 에이전틱·커뮤널 성향의 조절효과를 검증하기 위해 위계적 회귀분석과 단순 기울기 검증을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 공유리더십은 심리적 웰빙에 정(+)의 영향을 나타냈고, 공유리더십과 심리적 웰빙 간의 관계 에서 심리적 주인의식은 매개하는 것으로 확인되었다. 그리고 심리적 주인의식과 심리적 웰빙 간의 관계 에서 에이전틱·커뮤널 성향의 조절효과 검증 결과, 커뮤널 성향은 심리적 주인의식과 심리적 웰빙 간의 관계를 조절하지 못한 반면, 에이전틱 성향은 심리적 주인의식과 심리적 웰빙 간의 정(+)적 관계를 강화 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과를 통해 공유리더십은 구성원들 간 협력과 상호작용을 촉진해서 개인의 성장과 발전 에 공헌하는 심리적 웰빙을 향상하는 데 기여할 수 있다는 시사점을 얻을 수 있다. 또한 공유리더십이 심리적 웰빙에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 공유리더십 효과성의 심리적 메커니즘 변인으로 심리적 주인의식 을 검증함으로써 각 변인들의 연구영역을 확장하는 데 기여하였다. 아울러 기존에 심리적 주인의식과 심 리적 웰빙 연구에서 다뤄지지 않았던 개인성향(에이전틱, 커뮤널)의 새로운 변인을 발견하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Background: Copy number variation (CNV) can be identified using next-generation sequencing and microarray technologies, the research on the analysis of its association with meat traits in livestock breeding has significantly increased in recent years. Hanwoo is an inherent species raised in the Republic of Korea. It is now considered one of the most economically important species and a major food source mainly used for meat (Hanwoo beef). Methods: In this study, CNVs and the relationship between the obtained CNV regions (CNVRs) can be identified in the Hanwoo steer samples (n = 473) using Illumina Hanwoo SNP 50K bead chip and bioinformatic tools, which were used to locate the required data and meat traits were investigated. The PennCNV software was used for the identification of CNVs, followed by the use of the CNV Ruler software for locating the different CNVRs. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis was performed. Results: We found a total of 2,575 autosomal CNVs (933 losses, 1,642 gains) and 416 CNVRs (289 gains, 111 losses, and 16 mixed), which were established with ranged in size from 2,183 bp to 983,333 bp and 10,004 bp to 381,836 bp, respectively. Upon analyzing the restriction of minor alleles frequency > 0.05 for meat traits association, 6 CNVRs in the carcass weight, 2 CNVRs in the marbling score, 3 CNVRs in the backfat thickness, and 2 CNVRs in the longissimus muscle area were related to the meat traits. In addition, we identified an overlap of 347 CNVRs. Moreover, 3 CNVRs were determined to have a gene that affects meat quality. Conclusions: Our results confirmed the relationship between Hanwoo CNVR and meat traits, and the possibility of overlapping candidate genes, annotations, and quantitative trait loci that results depended on to contribute to the greater understanding of CNVs in Hanwoo and its role in genetic variation among cattle livestock.

Background: The potential impact of aqueous extracts from Psidium guajava leaves on the reproductive system of female rabbits was evaluated. Methods: Twenty-eight rabbits, aged five to six months were utilized. Rabbits were divided into four groups and were randomly assigned to receive one of the following oral doses of the guava leaf extracts: 0 (control group), 10, 20, or 30 mg/kg of body weight. After a treatment period of 30 days, blood was collected via jugular venipunture and the serum was extracted for the assessment of serum biochemical traits levels. The females were bred and monitored throughout their pregnancy to ascertain reproductive outcomes. Results: The results indicated that the guava leaf extract significantly increased the body weight of the rabbits during both pre- and post-pregnancy compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The litter size at three weeks post-birth, prolificity rate, FSH, LH, and protein levels were notably higher (p < 0.05) at a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight. The viability rate three weeks post-birth increased with escalating extract doses, and the highest values were observed at doses of 20 and 30 mg/kg of body weight (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that, the aqueous extract of guava leaves appears to stimulate the production of FSH, LH and enhance body weight, prolificity, and pregnancy outcomes in mammals. As such, it is suggested that a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight could be beneficial in improving the reproductive performance of female.

This study was conducted to assess the genetic variability and correlation of phenotypic characteristics in 12 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genotypes including 11 WorldVeg and one commercial variety (Pusa Ruby) in Terai (plain) region of Nepal in 2021–2022. This experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The phenotypic traits, including days to 50% flowering, plant vigor and height, fruit number/plant, fruit yield, fruit weight and diameter, fruit firmness and fruit pericarp thickness, and total soluble solids (TSS) content of the fruits, were studied. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits except for plant vigor. The genotype of AVTO1705 resulted the highest fruit yield (2.9 kg/plant) than Pusa Ruby, a commercial check (0.5 kg/plant). The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits and PCV values were maximum for the number of fruits, fruit yield, and fruit weight. High PCV, GCV, and genetic advance (GA) were observed for yield, fruit weight, and plant height, respectively, indicating the additive gene effect. High heritability for fruit yield/plant and plant height inferred the phenotypic selection for their genetic improvement. Fruit yield was significantly (P<0.05) positively correlated with the fruit number and fruit weight, and direct selection of these traits are reliable for yield improvement in tomato.

Cucurbita is one of the crops with high demand in the world. Securing breeding sources is crucial and fundamental to any plant breeding program. This study was conducted to investigate the characterization of phenotypic traits and phylogenetic classification of germplasm provided by the National Agrobiodiversity Center of RDA. Fourteen phenotypic traits were measured in 199 accessions of Cucurbita germplasm. Among these germplasm, 92 accessions of C. moschata, 34 accessions of C. maxima, and 73 accessions of C. pepo were classified using the KASP marker from the Seed Industry Center. It was confirmed that there were five classifications in C. moschata, five in C. maxima and four in the C. pepo. The results of this study provide fundamental data on Cucurbita germplasm and are expected to be useful in breeding programs.

This study investigates how zapping behavior is affected by television-viewing motives, classified into two broad categories: goal-directed instrumental motives and process-oriented ritualistic motives. We examine how such an impact varies among individuals with different degrees of advertising skepticism, opinion leadership, ongoing search, program involvement, and advertising involvement. By combining the television-viewing information of 1,162 individuals from April 2017 to March 2018 with survey data, we empirically analyze the effect of motivation on viewers’ zapping likelihood. The results suggest that zapping probability is lower when television-viewing is driven by instrumental motives than by ritualistic motives. The negative impact of instrumental motivations is more evident for individuals with higher ongoing search tendencies. By contrast, individuals who are more skeptical toward advertisements, have higher opinion leadership, or have higher program involvement are less vulnerable to such viewing motivations. We discuss the implications of these findings for devising an effective advertisement placement strategy.

기존의 정서연구들에서는 감정표현불능증이 우울의 중요한 예측변인이라는 점을 반복적으로 제시하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 이러한 두 변인의 관계가 성격요인에 의해 조절될 수 있는지를 성격 5요인을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 312명의 대학생을 대상으로 감정표현불능증, 우울, 성격 5요인을 포함한 온라인 설문을 실시하고 조절효과를 확인해 보았다. 분석 결과, 감정표현불능증은 우울을 예측하여 기존 연구 흐름과 맥을 같이 하였다. 또한, 조절효과를 검증한 결과, 우호성, 정서적 안정성, 개방성은 감정표현불능증과 우울 간의 관계를 조절한 반면, 외향성과 성실성은 조절하 지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과는 자신의 감정을 제대로 인지하지 못하고 표현하지 못하는 것이 우울을 높일 수 있는데, 이를 완화하는 데는 우호적이고 정서적으로 안정적이며 개방적인 성격이 도움이 된다는 점을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 감정표현불능증에 의해 우울이 증가하는 과정에서 어떤 구체적인 성격특질이 조절변인으로 기능하는지를 변별적으 로 제시하였다는 중요한 함의를 갖고 있다.

많은 생태학자는 식물군락 및 군집이 환경요인과 상호작용하여 나타내는 변화 과정을 이해하기 위해 노력하고 있다. 산림식생 보다 역동적인 하천 주변에 형성되는 식물군집은 하천의 교란동태에 밀접하게 연관되어 있다. 비술나무는 한반도 중부이북에 분포하는 하천의 가장자리에 군집을 형성한다. 우리는 남한강의 상류 지역에서 비술나무 군집이 정착하고 발달하는 과정을 이해하고자 하였다. 하천의 수면으로부터 군집의 중앙지점의 높이는 수령등급이 증가함에 따라 높아졌다. 반면에 비술나무의 높이는 수령등급이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다가 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 풍부도 (Richness(S)), 균등도(Evenness(J')), 다양도(Diversity(H') 및 최대다양도(Maximum diversity(H'max))도 수령등급이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다가 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 반면에 개체 당 줄기의 수 및 밀도(Density(D))는 수령등급이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 비술나무의 유묘는 수령등급 중간 단계이상의 군집 내에는 재정착에 성공하지 못했다. 유묘의 재정착은 하천에서 주기적으로 발생하는 범람에 의해 생성된 공간에 정착하였다. 재정착 이후 비술나무 군집은 하나의 유기체와 같이 성장하였다. 반면에 비술나무 군집을 구성하는 식물 종은 군집이 발달함에 따라 풍부도 (Richness(S)), 다양도(Diversity(H')는 증가하였다가 감소하는 과정을 나타내었다. 즉 구성종의 변화는 각각의 종과 군집의 환경변화와 연관된다고 판단되었다. 비술나무 군집의 재생을 위해서는 종자에 의한 유묘의 재정착이 가능한 공간이 공급되어야 한다. 본 조사가 이루어진 남한강의 중상류 지역에서는 비술나무의 재정착에 필요한 공간이 소멸되어 새롭게 생성되는 군집은 매우 드물었다. 따라서 남한강 상류 지역에서 비술나무 군집의 유지를 위해서는 유묘의 재정착 에 필요한 적절한 공간의 확보가 필요함을 제안한다.

본 연구는 2019년부터 2021년 9월까지 수집된 홀스타인 젖소 19,930두의 자료를 수집하였으며, 3 SD (Standard Deviation, SD) 범위에서 벗어나는 이상치를 제외한, 8,675두를 분석에 이용하였다. 자료분석은 Statistical Analysis System (SAS) 9.4 software를 사용하였고, 뒷유방높이, 뒷유방너비, 유방깊이, 유두길이 및 유두둘레의 실측치를 사용하였다. 그리고 뒷유방높이, 뒷유방너비, 유방깊이, 유두길이 및 유두둘레의 실측치와 산차, 305일 유량, 비유단계 및 착유속도의 환경요인의 효과를 추정하였다. 산차와 유량이 증가함에 따라 뒷유방너비, 유두길이 및 유두둘레의 실측치는 유의적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며(p < 0.0001), 비유단계에 따라서 뒷유방너비 및 유방깊이의 실측치는 비유단계가 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다(p < 0.0001). 각 환경효과에 따른 유방형질 실측치의 표현형 상관의 결과에서는 뒷유방너비와 유방깊이 실측치가 산차 및 유량수준에 대해 높은 상관을 나타냈으며, 특히, 유방형질 중 유방깊이 실측치와 산차에 대해 -0.40 ~ -0.67로 높은 음(-)의 상관을 보였다. 본 연구 결과로 미루어 볼 때, 유방형질이 유생산에 밀접한 관련이 있는 만큼 중요한 형질로 취급되어야 하며, 이들의 기초연구와 함께 유전적 특성을 구명하는 등 더 많은 연구가 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

To elucidate how cultivation temperature affected various traits including pileus color, yield and morphology of Pleurotusspp. Main results were as follows. Pileus lightness of all cultivars of Pleurotustested became higher as cultivation temperature increased, while those of Santari, Hwang-geumsantari and Sunjung at 21oC were lower than at 18oC. Redness and yellowness of pileus decreased as cultivation temperature increased; those of chromatic pileus cultivars showed noticeable difference. Yellowness of cultivar with chromatic pileus was higher than that of cultivar with achromatic pileus. Yield was increased as cultivation temperature increased, Wonhyeung 1ho; low temperature favored cultivar showed high yield when it was cultivated at low temperature andno fruiting body at 21oC. Valid number of stipes were generally higher at 18oC, and its correlation coefficient with yield was low. Length and stipe thickness changed consistently (larger and thicker) upon cultivation temperature; the coefficient of determination(R2) 0.514 for lengthof Heuktari and 0.963for stipe thickness of Santari were high. Correlation coefficient of one trait was highly related with multiple traits. In the future, we will conduct research on the changes of expressed genes involved in the pigments for pileus color by RNA expression analysis.