This study examines L2 fluency in speaking interactions based on the number and type of utterances. The participants were 25 Korean eighth-grade learners of English as a foreign language. They performed five communicative tasks in groups, and their speaking interactions were audio-recorded and analyzed to measure the frequencies of sentence-level and word-level utterances. Results showed that learners of different levels of L2 fluency greatly varied in their frequencies of sentence-level utterances. Construction-based analyses found that the frequency variation in sentence-level utterances was primarily attributable to the transitive construction and a small set of intransitive constructions. Further investigation of the transitive complementation patterns suggested that L2 learners’ use of the nominal complementation [V+NP] became more productive as they expanded their repertoires of transitive complementation in developmental sequence based on a set of complementation clusters. Regarding these acquisitional patterns of the constructions in respect to L2 fluency development, the present study concludes with pedagogical implications and suggestions for future studies.

With relevance theory and coherence theory as the theoretical basis, this paper studies the pragmatic function of Chinese-Utterance final particles: a, ba and ne and claims that the discourse function of ne is stronger than a and ba. In other words, the modality meaning of a and ba is stronger than ne. This paper also studies the reason why a, ba and ne have different pragmatic functions and concludes that the meaning of ne is mainly the meaning of mood, ne has a longer history and the grammaticalization of ne is more complete while a and ba have obvious modality meaning; they have a shorter history than ne as mood particles and their grammaticalization still continues.

]ung, Woo-hyun 2009 The Funcbons of the Enghsh Utterance of fIghtmg’ m Korean Dlscourse πJe Soαolmguzstzc Joumal 01 Korea lη2) Trus study exammes the functIons of the Enghsh utterance, fIghtmg', m Korean chscourse, Wlth specIal attentIon to how and when trus expreSSlon IS employed by Korean natIve speakers To trus end, trus study collected data from naturally occumng sltuatlOns and the scnpts of some TV programs The res띠ts showed that the expreSSlon, fightmg', fulfIlls the pnmary functlOn of encouragmg the addressee, and that tlns PIVOtal functIon IS extended to such functIons as Wlsrung, congratulatmg, thankmg, prorrusmg, consolmg, beggmg, and leave-takmg, but not to as fIllmg a pause The fmchngs of the study corroborated the wldely-held c1rum that an utterance can fulfl11 plunva1ent functIons The study a1so mamfested other features fzghtmg' can be verba1ιed， lt can or cannot be responded, lt can be employed recIProca11y, and lt can be used to rughly va1ue a trung as well as a person These results WJll surely shed hght on the study of mscourse functIona1 pers야ctIve of Enghsh loan-words m Kor，않n chscourse, thus, leachng to a better understanchng of the natlVlzatlOn of Enghsh mto another language

원예치료 전·후를 비교해 아동들의 정서발달과 발표력을 포함한 사회성발달에 효과적임을 알 수 있다. 아동의 개개인 차이는 있으나 또래 친구들과 일상생활에서 쉽게 접할 수 있는 재료를 이용하였고, 보다 흥미로운 프로그램 개발이 필요했으며 원예치료 프로그램을 통해 생명의 소중함과 자아성취, 자연과 환경에 대한 긍적적 힘을 일깨워 주리가 기대된다. 하지만 짧은 회기에 이루어지다가 중단해 버린다는 점이 안타까웠고, 지속적으로 실시된다면 아동들의 정서발달과 발표력을 포함한 사회성발달에 많은 도움이 되리라 생각된다.