경남의 벼농사 대표 지대인 남부 중간지와 남부 평야지에서 질소 감비(7 kg/10 a)에 의한 고품질 쌀 생산을 위한 품종을 선발하고자 본 연구가 수행되었다. 7품종의 벼를 중간지에서 재배하였고 평야지에서는 10품종의 벼를 재배하여 평가하였다. 중간지에서 완전립의 수량은 보라미(526 kg/10 a)를 제외하고 대부분의 품종이 대조품종인 추청벼(533 kg/10 a)에 비해 높게 나타났다. 반면, 보라미와 고품벼, 온누리는 완전립률이 다른 품종에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 더욱이, 보라미와 대조품종인 추청벼는 도복지수가 다른 품종에 비해 높게 나타났다. 도정된 대조품종인 추청벼의 단백질 함량은 6.1%로 나타났고, 다른 품종들은 대조품종에 비해 비슷하거나 낮게 나타났다. 평야지에서는 남평벼(527 kg/10 a)만이 완전립 수량에서 대조품종인 일미벼(503 kg/10 a)에 비해 높게 나타났다. 그리고 호품벼, 신동진 그리고 칠보벼는 다른 품종들에 비해 완전립 비율이 더 낮게 나타났다. 그러나 호품벼(5.9%)와 진수미(6.0%), 신동진(5.9%), 칠보벼(6.0%), 황금노들(5.8%), 호평벼(6.0%)는 대조품종 일미벼(6.1%)에 비해 단백질 함량이 더 낮게 나타났다. 아밀로오스 함량, 백도, 식미 등은 두 지역에서 품종들 간 유의적 차이는 없었다. 결론적으로 완전립 비율, 완전립 수량, 단백질 함량, 도복 저항성, 등숙률 그리고 식미 등을 고려하면 중간지에서는 풍미1호, 새누리, 칠보벼가 평야지에서는 진수미, 황금노들이 고품질의 쌀을 생산하는데 적합한 품종으로 판단된다.

This study was conducted to survey the insect pests on 30 varieties of Hibiscus syriacus. Insect pests were investigated on May, July and September in Suwon and Busan, respectively. In addition, change of insect pests on H. syriacus in Seoul was weekly investigated from May to September. As a result, 11 species 116 individuals were observed in Suwon, and 10 species of them were classified as insect pests. Also, 10 species 496 individuals were observed in Busan, and 7 species of them were classified as insect pests. In Seoul, 12 species 181 individuals were observed. Abundance and species richness of insect pests were depend of the study regions but not by H. syriacus varieties. Aphis gossypii was dominant in early May but they were dramatically disappeared since middle May. Other insect pests such as Rehimena surusalis, Haritalodes derogate, and Plautia stali were occurred from July to september.

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the characteristic and productivity of forage corn varieties sown at the last ten days of May at Cheonan of Korea on 2017 and 2018. Forage corn varieties sown on 24th May 2017 and 25th May 2018 were emerged in 5th and 1st June, respectively. Silking date of forage corns was different among varieties(p<0.05). Stem length of forage corns was not different among the varieties, except Kwangpyeongok(KPA) and Nero IT. Stem diameter of forage corns was not different amaong the varieties. Outbreak rate of black streaked dwarf virus was lower than 3% in all varieties. Total digestible nutrient(TDN) yield was different among corn varieties(p<0.05), which was higher in P32P75, followed by P2088, P31N27, and KPA. The TDN yield of varieties had direct correlation with stem length, stem diameter and ear yield, respectively(p<0.01). Average of TDN in all varieties was 69.8%. These results suggested that forage corn variety with late-seeding adaptability is more important for increasing the productivity of forage corn If harvesting of winter forage crops have to be finished in the middle ten days of May in middle region of Korea.

In this study, dry-milled rice flour from different varieties (Samgwang, Boranchan, Hanareum, Dasan, Hangaru) and different particle sizes were used to manufacture Jeung-pyun and the quality characteristics were analyzed. The Jeung-pyun produced from Samgwang, Dasan and Hangaru milled rice flour showed highly dense pores. The Jeung-pyun produced from Hanareum only showed a significant difference according to the particle size. Samgwang, Boranchan and Dasan varieties with a particle size of 150 m showed a significant decrease in volume (p<0.05). Samgwang showed the lowest pH at all particle sizes (p<0.05). The sweetness of Samgwang varieties was the highest at 3.27-3.63°Brix (p<0.05). The hardness of Jeung-pyun increased with increasing particle size (p<0.05). The highest acceptance of Jeung-pyun in terms of volume and bitter taste was observed with Hanareum at a particle size of 50 m. When the particle size was 50 m, the overall acceptance was highest for Jeung-pyun made from Samgwang followed by Hanareum. The acceptance of all the sensory characteristics was high when the particle size of rice flour was 50 m. When the appearance of Jeung-pyun was measured, Samgwang showed a dense structure and low hardness. Hanareum showed an increasing volume and springiness. Overall Samgwang and Hanareum were found to be the most suitable varieties for the production of Jeungpyun.

Aronia has low preference because of astringent and bitter taste. Appropriate processing is essential for eating aronia. For the processing of aronia, the aim of this study is to provide basic information on the cultivar and ripening stages. Three varieties (Viking, Nero and McKenzie) were studied. We divided the stages of maturity into four levels based on color. The physicochemical properties were analyzed. In the case of hardness, the first stage of maturity was the highest, and there was no difference between varieties. As maturation progressed, brightness and yellowness gradually decreased, and redness was highest at the second stage. The sugar content was the lowest in the Viking and significantly increased with the maturity stage. The acidity was highest in the Viking. Nero showed the highest radical scavenging ability. Total polyphenols and flavonoids were the highest in Nero. The highest level was shown at the first stage by the ripening stage.

This study was conducted to surveyed the community structure of insects on thirty varieties of Hibiscus syriacus in Busan and Suwon, Korea. In addition, seasonal changes and damage rates of major insect pest species were investigated. Insect pests were visually observed from the area of H. syriacus plantations. As a result, 16 species belonging to 9 families of 4 orders were observed, while 13 species were classified to insect pests. Among insect pests, hemipterans (6 species) and lepidopterans (4 species) were most diverse groups. During summer season, Rehimena surusalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and Haritalodes derogate (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) were damaged to flower buds and leaves, respectively. In September, nymphs and adults of Plautia stali (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) were found from flower buds and leaves.

Nongwoo Bio has established a company capable of producing vegetable breeding and production in Indonesia. Since 2000, we have conducted a survey on viruses in vegetable crops such as pepper and tomatoes in Indonesia about 7 times. Since there is a possibility that the virus in Southeast Asia may occur in Korea, TSWV resistant substance is secured in pepper to cultivate resistant varieties and cultivate tomato resistant varieties. As a result, we have introduced TSWV resistant varieties of pepper for the first time in Korea, and TYLCV varieties of tomatoes have also been introduced. Through this project, virus analysis on Southeast Asian countries will be conducted and seed companies will be able to fully utilize basic data for cultivating resistant varieties. We will continue to investigate the viruses of vegetable crops in Indonesia and contribute to cultivating resistant varieties.

고품질, 고기능성 조 생산을 위한 파종시기를 설정하고자 조 품종 및 파종시기에 따른 이화학 특성과 항산화 특성을 분석하였다. 황금조의 단백질 함량은 1~3차에서, 삼다메는 1차에서 높았으며, 황금조의 탄수화물 함량은 4~5차에서, 삼다메는 5차에서 높게 나타났다. 황금조의 명도와 황색도는 파종시기가 늦어질수록 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 삼다메는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 적색도는 전반적으로 파종시기가 늦어질수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 조의 팽윤력은 대체적으로 파종시기가 늦어질수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 품종 및 파종시기에 따른 조의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 황금조와 삼다메에서 각각 298.68~315.13 및 288.84~297.73 mg GAE/100 g으로 황금조는 파종시기가 늦어질수록 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 삼다메는 2~3차 파종에서 높게 나타났다. 전반적으로 총 폴리페놀 함량은 1~3차 파종 시료에서 유의적으로 높은 함량을 보였다. 품종 및 파종시기에 따른 조의 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성은 황금조와 삼다메에서 각각 104.70~126.89 및 111.75~136.92 mg TE/100 g, ABTS 라디칼 소거활성은 각각 88.69~114.64 및 69.80~100.09 mg TE/100 g으로 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 이상의 결과, 품종과 재배시기에 따라 폴리페놀 성분의 함량과 라디칼 소거활성이 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타나, 조의 품종과 재배지역을 고려하여 적정 파종시기를 설정할 필요가 있을 것으로 보인다.

우리나라에서 가장 남쪽에 위치한 제주도 지역은 겨울철 기후가 온화하여 올리브 재배가 가능할 것으로 판단되어 올리브 5 품종을 국내에 도입하고 시험재배를 통하여 수체생육 및 과실특성을 평가함으로써 제주도에서 올리브 재배가 가능한지를 검토하고자 수행하였다. 온난화대응농업연구소에서 올리브를 식재한 노지 시험포장의 일 평균, 최고, 최저 기온을 측정한 결과, 겨울철 최저 기온은 -5oC에서 -6oC이며 1월에서 2월 사이에 영하로 내려가는 날이 많았지만, 연중 기온 변화에 따른 올리브 수체생육은 정상적으로 잘 이루어졌다. 생물계절 양상은 잎눈이 발아하는 시기(BBCH 11)는 3월 30일~4월 10일, 꽃눈 출현(BBCH 51)은 4월 3일~4월 15일, 개화(BBCH 61) 는 5월 20일~5월 30일, 과실의 성숙(BBCH 81)은 10월 5일 ~11월 5일, 과실 수확(BBCH 89)은 11월 10일~11월 30일에 이루어졌다. 수체생육은 ‘Koroneiki’, ‘Maurino’ 품종들이 수세가 약하고 신초가 많이 발생하는 경향을 보였으며 ‘Frantoio’, ‘Leccino’, ‘Verdale’ 품종들은 수세가 강하고 신초 수가 적은 경향을 보였다. 품종별 개화특성은 ‘Maurino’ 품종이 다른 품종에 비해 다소 우수한 경향을 보였다. 과실 무게는 ‘Koroneiki’ 품종이 0.9 g으로 가장 낮았고 다른 품종들은 2.4 g에서 2.6 g으로 품종 간의 유의차는 없었다. 건조한 과실의 오일 함량은 품종간의 유의차는 없었으며 40.9% DW에서 43.7% DW의 오일 함량을 나타냈다. 정식 후 5년 후의 수확량은 모든 품종들이 5,290 g/tree~5,820 g/tree으로 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합하면 제주도에 도입한 올리브 5품종들은 겨울철 최저기온에 정상적으로 생육하였고 과실 수확이 가능했다. 따라서 우리나라 제주도 지역에서는 올리브 노지재 배가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Aronia is difficult to eat because it has a bitter taste, bitter taste, and sour taste. Because processing is essential for eating, quality information suitable for processing is needed. This experiment was carried out to confirm the step suitable for processing. Four grades of ripening were collected from 3 varieties (Viking, Nero, McKenzie) based on color, and compared with samples stored for 2 weeks after harvesting. Physicochemical properties such as color, hardness, sugar content, pH and acidity, functional components such as total polyphenols and flavonoids, and antioxidative activities such as DPPH and ABTS were investigated. When compared according to varieties, the hardness of the first degree was highest in other degrees, Depending on harvest time, first degree was higher than other degrees and it decreased with harvest time. Varieties was not significant different lightness, redness and yellowness value. compared according to harvest time, redness was the highest in second degree and lightness, yellowness decreased with harvest time. sugar content was highest in Nero and Mckenzie, birx value increased significantly of ripening and increased with harvesting time. pH was found to be highest in Nero, acidity value was the highest in viking. DPPH, ABTS radical scavening were Nero varieties had the highest radial scavening and increased significantly as the ripening degree increased. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were found to be highest in Nero, the highest content was showed at the first degree of harvesting. The most suitable stage for the processing was considered to be the best after post harvest treatments considering brix, hardness and acidity.

1. 본 연구는 고구마의 큐어링 처리 및 저장기간에 따른 품종별 저장성 차이를 조사하여 품종별 적정 저장 조건을 설정하고자 수행하였다. 수확된 고구마는 온도 32±1℃, 상대습도 92±3% 조건에서 3일간 큐어링 처리를 실시하였고 대조구와 함께 13±℃의 저장고에 30주간 저장하였다. 2. 저장 기간에 따른 부패율 및 감모율은 품종별로 큐어링 처리 여부에 따라 다른 양상을 보였으며 대부분 품종에서 큐어링 처리구의 부패율과 감모율이 낮게 나타났다. 품종별로는 ‘호감미’, ‘풍원미’, ‘신건미’, ‘주황미’가 장기저장을 위해서 큐어링 처리가 필요한 품종으로 나타났으며, ‘다호미’, ‘연자미’ 품종은 큐어링 처리 여부에 따른 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3. 큐어링 처리 여부에 따른 부패율 차이가 없었던 ‘다호미’, ‘연자미’를 제외한 나머지 품종은 감모율 조사에서도 큐어링 처리가 장기 저장에 더 유리한 것으로 조사되었다. 4. ‘호감미’ 품종의 경우 저장기간별 부패율 및 감모율을 예측하고 조수입을 계산하였을 때 큐어링 처리 시에는 조수입이 증가하였으나 큐어링 무처리 시에는 저장기간이 길어질수록 조수입이 감소하였다. 5. 따라서 이러한 품종별 저장성 차이를 고려하여 각 품종에 맞는 수확 후 관리 및 적정 출하시기를 예측하는 것이 고구마 저장성 증대 및 농가 소득 향상에 유용하게 적용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

The object of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemical characteristics of three varieties of Korean rice extrudates (Samgoang, Solgeng and Chouchong) by using a twin-extruder with a barrel temperature of 140°C, screw speed 200 rpm, moisture content 20%, feed rate 100 g/min and die diameter 3.3 mm. Properties of the extrudates including specific length (SL), expansion ratio (ER), piece density (Pd), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI) , color and reducing sugar content were analyzed. Chouchong extrudates expressed the lowest SL the highest ER the lowest Pd and the highest WSI, whereas Samgoang ones were found to have the highest SL, a medium ER, WSI and WAI. Solgeng samples gave the highest SL, medium ER, highest Pd and WAI. The amount of reducing sugar found in extrudates was highest in Chouchong, followed by Samgoang. The lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) obtained their greatest value with Solgeng, which also presented the lowest value of redness (a*), behind Samgoang. The three varieties of rice presented different physicochemical properties.

A demand for new mushrooms in the market has given impetus to explore new sources of edible mushrooms. Lepista nuda has an international reputation as an excellent edible species. The combination of its lilac color, solid fleshy structure, good shelf life, and delicious flavor makes it attractive to the market. Therefore the development of commercial cultivation techniques for L. nuda is highly desirable. This study was carried out to develop commercial cultivation techniques of L. nuda for the wild mushroom industry. For commercial cultivation of L. nuda it is required to research into environmental and physical parameters and to develop the new varieties with good productivity and short cultivation period. Twelve of L. nuda were provided from National Agrobiodiversity Center, Korea in 2012. They were investigated mycelia1 growth and formation of fruiting bodies on Agaricus compost. Only five among twelve, KACC51942, KACC52012, KACC52212, KACC52227, and KACC52139, succeeded in initiation and development of fruiting bodies. Spore collection and isolation of monokaryons were obtained from four except KACC52012. We selected four of L. nuda, KACC51942, KACC52212, KACC52227, and KACC52139, as crossing parents to develop the new varieties to shorten cultivation period. They showed different mycelial growth on agar and specific shape and color of fruiting body on button mushroom bed.

This study investigated the nutritional compositions and physiochemical properties of three domestically cultivated jujube fruits (Boeun, Sangwhang, and Bokjo). Nutrient contents were analyzed by freeze-drying the jujube fruits. The results showed that the proximate compositions of the three jujube cultivars ranged from 7.85~13.52% for moisture, 4.65~5.24% for crude protein, 1.29~2.38% for crude ash, 0.17~1.09% for crude lipid, and 7.66~16.63% for crude fiber. The above proximate contents of jujube cultivars were significantly different. Mineral contents of Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, and K in the three jujube fruits were also determined. Mn, Cu and Zn were not detected in any of the varieties. The content of Al was higher in Sangwhang, while Boeun had higher contents of Ca and K. The total polyphenol, ABTS values, and hypoglycemic effect were slightly higher in Boeun as compared to the other varieties. Taken together, Boeun could be an important source of natural antioxidant as a functional food.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate feed value and usability of soybean varieties as livestock forage. In this study, three soybean cultivars, OT93-26, Geomjeongsaeol, and Pungwon, were harvested at R5 (beginning seed development)- and R6 (full seed)-reproductive stages for analyzing feed value of soybean. Days to R5 stage harvest of OT93-26 among the three soybean cultivars was 55 days and the shortest while Pungwon took 103 days to reach at R6 stage. The R6-harvested soybeans had higher dry matter (DM) yields and crude protein (CP) content than the R5-harvested. However, both DM and CP were the highest in the R6-harvested Geomjeongsaeol. Contents of neutral detergent fiber (nDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of Pungwon harvested at R5 were the highest whereas the R6-harvested Geomjeongsaeol had the lowest. Digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI), and relative feed value (RFV) of the R6-harvested Geomjeongsaeol and Pungwon were higher than those of the R5-harvested, but in case of OT93-26, those at R6 stage were low rather than those at R5 stage. However, soybean could be used as alternative forage with high feed value for livestock. Taken together, Geomjeongsaeol could be used for developing new forage soybean varieties with high feed value, and R6 would be the optimum harvesting stage for yield and quality of forage soybean.

To select the forage millet variety suitable for cultivation in the reclaimed tideland, forage and feed value compared for 16 millet cultivars grown at the Saemangyem reclaimed tideland, Korea, from April to August in 2014-2015. In order to select barnyard millet for forage that substitute rice, a total of 16 germplasm were collected, including germplasm in retained by the Rudal Development Administration’s Agricultural Genetic Resources Center, and domestic and foreign germplasm which other researches were retaining in Korea. Out of the 16 germplasm, including Jeju barnyard grass (JBG), were initially selected which are late-heading, long plant height, wide leaves, seed shatter-resistant, and with high dry forage yield in Saemangyem reclaimed tideland. The highest fresh weight and dry weight of barnyard millet were 78.4 ton ha-1, and 21.1ton ha-1 in transplanting May 10. The content of proline was the highest in JBG and IT153610 variety. Total phenol contents were the highest in JBG and the lowest in PI183332 variety, but very high in yield ability were selected; JBG was selected.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers allow rapid screening of crop varieties in early growth stages. We developed a modified SNP PCR procedure for assaying SNPs in maize. For SNP marker development, we chosen 200 SNP sites from MaizeGDB database, and designed two base pair mismatch primers based on putative SNP site of B73 genome sequence. PCR products size was from 200 to 500 bp or was not shown in the case of SNP site existing in Korean silage corns. Using previously discovered 16 primer sets, we investigated distinctness of 50 silage F1 hybrid corns including 10 Korean silage corns developed by RDA such as Gangdaok, Kwangpyeongok, Dapyeongok, Andaok, Yanganok, Singwangok, Jangdaok, Cheongdaok, Pyeonggangok, and Pyeonganok as well as 40 foreign commercial silage corns. From cluster analysis, we confirmed that 10 Korean silage F1 hybrid corns were clearly distinguished except for Singwangok, P1395, and several foreign commercial corns, and selected minimum SNP primer combination for Gangdaok, Jangdaok, Pyeonggangok, and Pyeonganok. Therefore, development of SNP marker sets might be faster, cheaper, and feasible breed discrimination method through simple PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis.