In this study, the alkiline water washing condition of mackerel(Scomber japonicus) dark meat was investigated to improve processing conditions of red muscle fish meat paste heating gel. Chemical alkaline water(CWM) and electrolytic alkiline water(EWM, pH 12) were used for washing the mackerel raw meat. Washed meats were minced with 2.5% salt and heated at 90℃/15 min to testing texture profile analysis. Moisture of CWM and EWM was increased with both washing times(p<0.05). Crude lipids and protiens were decreased with washing times. Lightness of chemical alkaline water washed mackerel heated paste gel(CWHPG) was higher than electrolytic alkaline water washed mackerel heated paste gel(EWHPG). Redness and yellowness were more decreased than control meats. Jelly strength of CWHPG and EWHPG was not increased more than 2 times wased meat and was increased with protein decrease. Texture profile analysis, max force1 of CWHPG and EWHPG was higher hardeness than the control meat except gel strains. From these results, it could be suggested that electric alkialine water washing is also effective in advance the red meat paste heating gel process of kamaboko industry.

The objectives of this study are to examine the processing of oils contamination soil by means of using a micronano-bubble soil washing system, to investigate the various factors such as washing periods, the amount of micro-nano bubbles generated depending on the quantity of acid injection and quantity of air injection, to examine the features involved in the elimination of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) contained in the soil, and thus to evaluate the possibility of practical application on the field for the economic feasibility. The oils contaminated soil used in this study was collected from the 0~15 cm surface layer of an automobile junkyard located in U City. The collected soil was air-dried for 24 hours, and then the large particles and other substances contained in the soil were eliminated and filtered through sieve No.10 (2 mm) to secure consistency in the samples. The TPH concentration of the contaminated soil was found to be 4,914～5,998 mg/kg. The micronano-bubble soil washing system consists of the reactor, the flow equalization tank, the micronano- bubble generator, the pump and the strainer, and was manufactured with stainless material for withstanding acidic phase. When the injected air flow rate was fixed at 2 L/min, for each hydrogen peroxide concentrations (5, 10, 15%) the removal percents for TPH within the contaminated soil with retention times of 30 minutes were respectively identified as 4,931 mg/kg (18.9%), 4,678 mg/kg (18.9%) and, 4,513 mg/kg (17.7%). And when the injected air flow rate was fixed at 2 L/min, for each hydrogen peroxide concentrations (5, 10, 15%) the removal percents for TPH within the contaminated soil with retention times of 120 minutes were respectively identified as4,256 mg/kg (22.3%), 4,621 mg/kg (19.7%) and 4,268 mg/kg (25.9%).

본 연구는 표면 세척 시스템을 이용하여 유자의 미생물과 잔류농약 제거 효과를 살펴보았다. 선행 연구로 오징어 먹물을 제거 효과를 보기 위해 스프레이 회전 속도 0.11, 0.42, 0.73 m/s, 수압 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 MPa과 컨베이어 속도 0.046, 0.092, 0.138 m/s 으로 세척 조건을 달리하였다. 오징어 먹물 제거 실험 결과 먹물 제거 효율은 컨베이어 속도와 분사 노즐 회전수와는 높은 상관관계를 나타내었으며 수압의 조건

현재 대부분의 수삼은 흙이 묻은 상태로 유통되고 있는데 소비자의 편이성을 고려하여 수삼을 세척한 후 포장한 상태로 유통시키기 위한 연구의 일환으로 수삼의 세척처리 방법에 따른 표면세척효과 및 미생물 감균 효과를 조사하였다. 수확 직후 수삼의 부위별 생균수는 5.85~6.63 log CFU/ea범위로 뇌두 부위가 가장 많았고 다음으로는 지근과 주근 순이었다. 부위별 곰팡이 수는 3.67~5.12 log CFU/ea범위로 뇌두 부위가 많았으며 주근과

Ultrasound and Surfactant aided soil washing process has been shown to be an effective method to remove diesel from soils. The use of surfactants can improve the mobility of diesel in soil-water systems by increasing solubility of adsorbed diesel into surfactant micelles. However, a large amount of surfactant is required for treatment. In addition, synthetic surfactants, specially anionic, are more toxic and the surfactant wastewater is hard to treat by conventional wastewater treatments even by AOPs. Ultrasound improves desorption of the diesel adsorbed on to soil. The mechanisms are based on physical breakage of bonds by hot spot, directly impact onto soil particle surface, the fragmentation of long-chain hydrocarbons by micro-jet and microstreaming in the soil pores. The use of ultrasound as an enhancement method in both anionic and nonionic surfactant aided soil-washing processes were studied. And all experiments were examined proceeded under CMC surfactant concentration, frequency 35 khz, power 400 W, Soil-water ratio 1:3(wt%), particle size 0.24 ~ 2mm and initial diesel concentration. 20,000 mg/kg. Combination with ultrasound showed significant enhancements on all the processes. Especially, nonionic surfactant Triton-X100 with ultrasound showed remarkable enhancements and diesel removal rate enhanced by ultrasound helps desorpting of surfactant adsorbed onto soils which prevented decreasing surfactant activity.

We developed a surface washing system for ginseng. The washing system was developed using different treatments and conditions and characterized in terms of product hardness, weight loss, and change in temperature and color. Optimal results were obtained using a surface washing system involving a washing conveyor speed of 1.0 L/min, a water pressure of , a washing nozzle angle of , a washing height of 5 cm, a 1-sec reciprocating washing nozzle cycle, a dehydration wind velocity of 30 m/sec, and an internal drying temperature of . A surface washing system using a washing conveyor speed of0.8 L/min, a water pressure of , a washing nozzle angle of , a washing height of 3 cm, a 1-sec reciprocating washing nozzle cycle, a dehydration wind velocity of 30 m/sec, and an internal drying temperature of resulted in ginseng that was stained yellow.

The removal characteristics of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and heavy metals in contaminated soils with ultrasonic washing have been studied. The ultrasonic washing was evaluated on a laboratory scale. In this investigation, the effects of factors such as ultrasonic frequency, power intensity, duration of irradiation, contents of the TPHs and heavy metals and mixing ratios between the contaminated soils and water, were considered. Experimental results suggested that the rates for contaminant extraction of the TPHs and heavy metals in the contaminated soil increased considerably with the ultrasonic washing. Therefore, the ultrasonic washing has previously been to be an effective method to remediate the contaminated soils with the TPHs and heavy metals.

이산화염소수 발생 최적조건을 검토하기 위하여 생성원료인 농도(0.01-0.1%)와 gas 투입량(100-1,000 g/hr)에 따른 chlorite, chlorate, FAC 및 chlorine dioxide의 생성량을 조사하였다. Chlorate, FAC 및 chloride dioxide 생성량은 및 투입량이 증가할 수록 생성량이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이산화염소수 최적 생성조건은 0.1% , 900 g/hr gas 농도였으며 발

This study has been carried out to examine the feasibility of soil washing process for reducing arsenic contamination level of soil around Dalchên Mine. The results of physicochemical tests of the target soil showed that pH was weak alkalic (pH ~- 7.8), soil texture was coarse sand, and organic contents (5.7%) and CEC (Cation exchange capacity; 21.5 meq/100 g) were similar with those of soils generally found in Korea. Contamination levels of arsenic were found to over 201 mg/kg which exceed the Korea standard levels of countermeasure and concern. To investigate chemical partitioning of heavy metals, sequential extraction procedures were adopted and it was found that arsenic was predominantly associated with the residual fraction among five fractional forms as much as over 85%, which is demonstrating that only less than 15% of all might be vulnerable to a selected washing agents. Among 6 kinds of washing agents applied on the screening for arsenic-contaminated soil, HCl and H3PO4 solution were selected as promising washing agents. In comparison with HCl and H3PO4 solutions for arsenic washing by kinetic experiment in the change of pH, soil-solution ratio, temperature, and washing solution concentration, H3PO4 solution was determined to best one of agents tested, which showed faster washing rate than HCl to accomplish regulatory goal.

전래적으로 숙주나물은 저장성을 높이기 위하여 세척하지 않고 탈수시켜 이용하여 왔다. 본 연구는 생산된 숙주나물의 수분 함량과 관련된 세척이 제품의 저장성에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 포장하기 직전 물에 씻거나 씻지 않는 세척 유무가 5일간 저장중 숙주나물의 형태 및 무게에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 무세척 숙주나물에 비하여 세척시킨 숙주나물은 저장 4일 후까지 수분 함량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 2. 무세척 숙주나물은 세척시킨 숙주나물에 비하여 저장중 형성된 개체당 세근수가 많았던 반면, 하배축과 뿌리 길이, 하배축 중간과 hook 부분의 직경, 각부위 및 전체 생체중과 건물중에서는 세척 유무간에 차이가 없었다. 3. 무세척 숙주나물은 세척시킨 숙주나물에 비하여 하배축 및 뿌리의 탁도, 하배축의 전단력이 높았던 반면, 색도 a와 b에서 세척 유무간 차이가 없어 저장중 무세척 숙주나물의 품질 저하가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 4. 무세척 숙주나물에서 세근수, 하배축 길이, 하배축 중간부분의 직경, 하배축과 전체 생체중 및 건물중은 저장 후 3일까지 변화가 없었으나 그 이후 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 5. 무세척 숙주나물에서 하배축의 전단력은 저장 4일 후부터, 하배축의 명도와 색도 b는 저장기간이 길어질수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

저장 중 포장 참외의 품질 유지를 위하여 포장과 세척방법을 달리하면서 참외에 대한 품질 평가를 실시한 결과, 저장기간의 경과에 따라 중량 및 경도는 감소하였으며 저장 12일 후부터는 오존수를 이용하여 세척한 처리구를 제외한 모든 구에서 심한 부패 및 손상이 발견되었다. 또한 관능평가 결과, 오존수 세척구에서 색, 외관, 맛, 조직감 모두 가장 높은 점수를 얻었으며 저장 후기에도 반점이 거의 생성되지 않고 부패정도가 가장 미비하여 외관에 대한 우수

제주산 하우스 감귤의 유통전 처리에 따른 선도변화를 분석한 결과, 유통 중 가용성고형물은 온도조건이나 처리방법에 따라 큰 차이가 없이 거의 일정하게 유지되었다. 산 함량 및 경도는 유통초기에 비해 전체적으로 감소되었으나 저온유통처리구가 상온유통처리구에 비해 높게 유지되었고 상온과 저온유통 조건에서 모두 전해산화수 및 왁스코팅 처리가 대조구보다 높게 유지되었다. 과실 내부의 초기 발생량은 1% 내외였지만 상온유통조건에서는 기간이 경과됨에 따라 증가

A study on the removal of Pb ion from Pb-contaminated soil was carried out, using ex-situ extraction process. Tartaric acid (TA) and iminodiacetic acid sodium salt (IDA) as a washing agent were evaluated as a function of concentration, reaction time, mixing ratio of washing agent and recycling of washing agent. TA showed a better extraction performance than IDA. The optimum washing condition of TA and IDA were in the ratio of 1 : 15 and 1 : 20 between soil and acid solution during 1 hr reaction. The total concentrations of Pb ion by TA and IDA at three repeated extraction, were 368.8 ppm and 267.5 ppm, respectively. The recovery of Pb ion from washing solution was achieved by adding calcium hydroxide and sodium sulfide, form the precipitation of lead hydroxide and lead sulfide, and optimum amounts of sodium sulfide and calcium hydroxide were 7 g/ℓ for the TA washing solution and 4 g/ℓ , 5 g/ℓ for the IDA washing solution, respectively. The efficiency of recycle for TA and IDA washing solution were 78.8%, 95.1% and 89.2%, 96.6%, at third extractions under Na2S and Ca(OH)2, respectively.

도토리 묵 제조의 최적조건을 찾기 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 수침과 수세정도를 달리하여 제조한 도토리 묵가루의 일반성분 및 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 수침과 수세의 정도가 증가할수록 조단백질, 회분, 총페놀은 감소하였으며, 조지방과 식이섬유소는 변화가 거의 없었다. 색도 또한 L값은 증가하였고, a값과 b값은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 팽윤력은 수침과 수세정도가 증가할수록 증가하였으며, 용해도는 처리정도에 따라 감소하였으나 변화양상이 일정하지는

The clogging phenomenon in the fixed film reactor is shown when biomass growth is excessive for long operating time. In addition, effluent water quality gets worse because of detachment of biomass. In this study, we conducted air - backwashing to sustain biomass in reactor to complement these defects. The results of experimental are showed in the following conclusion. The detachment rate was 19.5 - 38.0 % when the organic loading rate was 0.40 - 1.32 ㎏ COD/㎥/day, the air - backwashing intensity was 2 L/min(6.7 ㎥/㎡/hr) and the backwashing time was 15 - 19 seconds. And the detachment rate was 32.2 - 58.6 % when the organic loading rate was 1.37 - 2.27 ㎏ COD/㎥/day, the backwashing time was 1 - 12 minutes. As organic loading rate and backwashing time are increased, detachment of fixed biomass is increased. The detachment equation with detachment rate(DR, %), backwashing time(BWT, min), fixed biomass concentration(FB, ㎎/L), and organic loading rate(OLR, ㎏ COD/㎥/day) through multiple linear regression was given by the following equation: DR = 17.964 BWT^0.41407 FB^0.0597 OLR^0.1945