18개월령과 31개월령 사이의 암소 56,487두의 판독 결과를 이용하였으며, 환경요인과 유전적 요인들에 대해 분석이 이루어졌다. 2011년 1월에서 2018년 8월까지의 기간 동안의 국내 농가들의 데이터를 이용하였으며, WOMBAT 소프트웨어를 활용하여 Multi-trait animal model을 통해 각 형질들의 유전력, 유전상관 및 표현형상관을 추정하였다. 모델식들의 환경적인 요인들의 대해 유의성이 나타났다; 측정년도, 측정월, 지역, 암소개월령. 초음파 등지방두께, 초음파 등심단면적, 초음파 근내지방도의 유전력은 각각 0.364, 0.499, 0.104로 추정되었다. 유전상관과 표현형상관은 각 형들간에 있어 강한 정의 상관을 나타냈다. 각 형질들간 유전상관은 초음파 근내지방도와 초음파 등심단면적, 초음파 근내지방도, 초음파 등심단면적과 초음파 근내지방도는 각각 0.551, 0.485, 0.486으로 나타났으며, 표현형상관은 0.594, 0.490, 0.514로 나타났다. 이에 대한 결과로 초음파측정결과를 이용하여 농장운영에 있어서 육질 개선을 위한 유전적 능력을 개선시킬 수 있을 것이라 보며, 한우의 개량에 있어서 기초적인 자료로서 이용이 될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

This study aims to measure and to analyze the characteristics of thermal environment of the various permeable pavement materials such as a break stone pavement (Green block cubic), soil protection pavement (Soil tector), soil cement pavement and ceramic brick pavement under the summer outdoor environment. The thermal environment characteristics measured in the study includes the changes of surface temperature during the day, and long and short wave radiation of each pavement surface. The experimental condition is based on the data on the hottest temperature (August 9, 2006, 37.1℃) of the year. The albedo was the highest on the break stone pavement(0.8) from 12:00 to 14:00. The albedo of the ceramic brick pavement, a soil tector pavement and soil cement pavement were 0.35, 0.29 and 0.27 from 12:00 to 14:00, respectively. The peak surface temperature and long wave radiation was the highest on the soil protection pavements(56.6℃/627 W/m2). The peak surface temperatures and long wave radiation on the ceramic brick pavement, a stone brick pavement and soil cement pavement were 51.7℃/627 W/m2, 48.8℃/607 W/m2 and 45.9℃/582 W/m2, respectively. The heat environment was better on the break stone pavement than on the other pavements. This is mainly due to the high albedo of the break stone pavement(0.8) while the albedo value of a ceramic brick pavement, a soil tactor pavement and soil cement pavement were 0.35. 0.29 and 0.27. Large heat capacity(2,629 kJ/㎥․K) of the stone brick pavements also contributes to this difference. The heat environment was better on the soil cement pavement than the soil tector pavement. This is mainly due to the evaporation of the soil cement pavement while the active evaporation of the soil tactor pavement was not continued after two days from the rainfall event. To improve the thermal environments in the urban area, it is recommended to raise the albedo of the pavements by brightening the surface color of the pavement materials. Further studies on the pavement materials and the construction methods which can enhance the continuous evapotranspiration from the pavements surface are needed.

Still today, many streams are channelized and embanked in Korea. On the other hand, some urban streams are being restored to their natural shapes by landscape planners. It would be better to improve rural streams in a way that would not require restoration in later days. Then, one important question is what kind of embankments the residents prefer for what reasons. Five simulated photos showing from very natural to artificial embankments were used in surveying 90 residents of three villages. Major findings are ; 1. Residents regard safety(from flooding) is the most critical factor to be considered in selection of stream bank materials. 2. They think ideal materials are natural stones or concrete blocks as they look tidy. Concrete retaining walls or vegetated natural slopes are not regarded good. 3. The most preferred material is concrete retaining wall, and the least preferred is vegetated natural slope. They prefer concrete retaining wall which they do not think an ideal material, because it will make a safe bank. 4. Natural stone bank is most preferred for its apperance, and vegetated natural slpoe is most disliked as it may collapse and as it does not look clean.