Synthesis of Li+-selective 14-crown ether (CE) having rigid and bulky subunits was reported. CE-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) dope solutions were electrospun. CEs were immobilized on PVA matrix via acid-catalyzed acetalization using novel aerosol method. Structures of new compounds and their immobilization to PVA were confirmed and characterized. Adsorption experiments show superior lithium capacity and selectivity among previously reported solid-supported CEs. Dihydroxy-dibenzo-14-crown-4 ether-PVA nanofiber membrane showed superior performance. This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and future Planning (2015R1A2A1A15055407) and Ministry of Education (2009-0093816).

Synthesis of Li+-selective 14-crown ether (CE) having rigid and bulky subunits was reported. CE-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) dope solutions were electrospun. CEs were immobilized on PVA matrix via acid-catalyzed acetalization using novel aerosol method. Structures of new compounds and their immobilization to PVA were confirmed and characterized. Adsorption experiments show superior lithium capacity and selectivity among previously reported solid-supported CEs. Dihydroxy-dibenzo-14-crown-4 ether-PVA nanofiber membrane showed superior performance. This work was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (2015R1A2A1A15055407) and by the Ministry of Education (No. 2009-0093816).

【벼리】일본 내 대학교 교양목적 한국어 교육 분야에서 문화에 관한 가장 큰 문제점은 대상자 요구를 반영한 한국 문화 교재가 없다는 점 이다. 현재 수업에서 주로 사용되는 대부분의 한국어 교재에는 한국 문화에 대한 내용이 포함되어 있지 않으며 교양 목적 한국어 학습자 를 대상으로 한 한국 문화 교재도 개발되지 않고 있다. 따라서 이 논 문에서는 교양 목적 한국어 학습자의 특징 및 요인을 고려하여 학습 자가 한국 문화를 쉽고 재미있게 이해할 수 있고 교수가 부담 없이 실제 교육에서 부교재로서 활용할 수 있는 한국 문화 교재 개발 방안 을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다.

The purpose of this study is to identify characteristics of the landscape changes in Gwangjyu city and Icheon city, the suburban areas on the outskirts of the Seoul metropolitan area, by focusing on the causes of the urban sprawl and the resultant morphological characteristics of landscape degradation. Particular attention has been given to the ‘advantages for developing suburb including geographical proximity and land price’, ‘institutional regulation such as land-use regulation’ and ‘community solidarity’ as drivers for possible introduction of external factors. The types of landscape change were divided into three, after having on-the-ground research on eleven chosen towns and interviews with head of a village: Overwhelming Change, Separated and Small-Scale Change. It was found that, in general, the quality of landscape was best for the small-scale change type, followed by separated and overwhelming change types. While the types of landscape change are correlated with the geographical proximity, its relevance with land regulation is relatively weak. The study found that imposing a land-use regulation as a means to prevent changes in suburban village landscape may not be fully effective. Also it analyzed that villages could better manage with keen interest the surrounding landscape if there is a high degree of solidarity within the village community. Therefore, the sense of community could play an important complementary role to land-use regulation which does not suffice in itself to manage suburban landscape.

In this paper, I will present an analysis of two controversial phenomena in Japanese as "concealed clefts." One is the sluicing phenomenon and the other is the short answers to Wh-questions . The analysis of the first as a "concealed cleft" is already proposed in a number of works . The purpose here is to make it more precise. I will argue that the argument ellipsis hypothesis of Kim 1999 and Oku 1998 solves some old problems in Japanese syntax. First, it solves the apparent paradox with the "sluicing phenomenon," which is that some examples are clearly concealed clefts and yet allow sloppy interpretation. Secondly, it enables us to sharpen Nishigauchi`s 1990 analysis of Wh-question/answer pairs, and pinpoint exactly where Subjacency effects are detected in short answers. If the arguments in this paper hold, they provide further support for the argument ellipsis hypothesis.

Vincristine and vinblastine isolated from Vinco spp. , and podophyllotoxine derivatives isolated from Podophyllum spp. are usefulas anticancerous components obtaned from higher plants. More thanten antineoplastic compounds are now following them as anticancerousagents from higher plants. In my laboratory, Sarcoma 180A has beenused as the first screening test. By this method, I have found outsome kinds of antineoplastic constituents from active plants extracts .For instance, bisaborane type compounds were isolated from Curcumaxanthorrhiza, one of Indonesian plants; a morphinane type compoundfromCocculus trilobus; cyclic hexapeptides from Rubia akane and R.cordiorta. Seven components having antineoplastic actirity wereisolated from Rubia spp. except. R. tinctoria. Their structures wereelucidated except RA-Vl by chemical reaction and variovs instrumentalanalysis as shown in Fig. Among of them, RA-Vll showed strong activityagainst P388 Lymphocytic leukemia, L2O, B16 melanoma, Lewis lungcarcinoma, colon 38 and Ehrlich carcinoma. RA-V revealed excellentactivity against MM2 mammary carcinoma. The· value of acute LD5O ofRA-ViI were 10. Omg/kg( iP) and 16.5mg/kg( po ) respectiveIy . Therapruticratio was 400, compared with 10 of mitomycin C. QSAR was also appliedto these compounds by elongation of ether and ester side chains atR'. Mechanism of action of RA-Vll was also investigated and wasassumed to be inhibition of protein biosynthesis .