미래 직업 종사자들의 세대 추세는 자신들의 경력개발 초기 단계에 있어 사전적인 대책을 강구해야 하는 사람으로 점점 늘어 갈 것이다. 집단, 혹은 단체의 인적자원관리(HRM)를 적용 하기 전에 자신의 경력개발 형성을 위한 사전 단계들을 미리 예측하고 개 개인의 특성을 보다 잘 이해야 할 필요도 있다. 따라서 현재의 연구는 미래의 핵심 직업 종사자들의 중재로 내적통제소재 (Internal Locus of Control) 가 능동적인 직업 행동 (Proactive Career Behaviors) 들을 실현 할 것 이라고 가설 하고 있다 (N=238). 결과를 종합해 보자면 미래의 직업세계에는 자신들의 대한 분명한 표현과 미래 직업의 적극적인 소유욕을 유도하는 동기부여들을 활용해야 한다고 시사하고 있다.

Food fortification is defined as the addition of nutrients at levels higher than those found in the original food to improve nutritional quality. Oyster mushrooms generally contain low calcium. This present study focused on the Ca absorption efficacy of Pleurotus florida using eggshell powder, oyster shell powder and agricultural lime. Various concentrations (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%) of different calcium sources were added to the rice straw – based formulation. Duration of days from inoculation to mycelial colonization, primordial formation, fruiting body development were evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of Ca sources on the total yield and biological efficiency were also noted. Results revealed that addition of Ca sources on the formulated substrates generally lengthens time of mycelial ramification, primordial formation and fruiting body development. ESP-supplemented substrate generally increased the size of the cap but not greatly affected the stipe length and diameter of the fruiting bodies. On the other hand, the influence of addition of OSP increases cap size but decreases stipe length and diameter. Finally, for the incorporation of AGL, it was observed that size of cap of the fruiting bodies generally decreased in size, shortened the stipe and influence of AGL to the stipe diameter may vary depending on the concentration. Moreover, Ca supplementation increases the yield, biological efficiency and Ca content of P. florida. The highest yield from the substrate supplemented with eggshell powder was recorded at 8% concentration with 194.80g and biological efficiency of 36.26%. Substrate with 8% oyster shell powder resulted with the highest yield of 176.80g with biological efficiency of 33.92%. For agricultural lime supplemented substrate, the highest yield was observed in 6% concentration with 186.40g and biological efficiency of 35.51%. Optimum Ca content absorbed by P. florida was recorded in 6% ESP (140mg/100g dried sample), 10% OSP (105mg/100g dried sample) and 8% AGL (170mg/100g dried sample). These findings imply that addition of Ca on rice straw-based substrate can significantly improve yield, biological efficiency, and Ca content of the fruiting bodies.

The photodegradation of the model compounds Quinol, an aromatic organic compound and Acid blue FFS, an acid dye of chemical class Triphenylmethane was studied by using illumination with UV lamp of light intensity 250W. TiO2 and TiO2 doped with Boron and Nitrogen was used as catalyst. The sol-gel method was followed with titanium isopropoxide as precursor and doping was done using Boron and Nitrogen. In photocatalytic degradation, TiO2 and doped TiO2 dosage, UV illumination time and initial concentration of the compounds were changed and examined in order to determine the optimal experimental conditions. Operational time was optimized for 360 min. The optimum dosage of TiO2 and BN doped TiO2 was obtained to be 2 mgL-1 and 2.5 mgL-1 respectively. Maximum degradation % for quinol and Blue FFS acid dye was 78 and 95 respectively, at the optimum dosage of BN-doped TiO2 catalyst. It was 10 and 4% higher than when undoped TiO2 catalyst was used.

The adsorption of phenolic compound resorcinol on activated carbons prepared from Moringa oleifera (Drumstick bark) has been investigated. Activated carbon was prepared by impregnating Moringa oleifera with 50% phosphoric acid in the ratio of 1:1 and 1:2(w/w), designated as MOAC1 and MOAC2. Equilibrium and isotherm studies were carried out. The influences of variables such as contact time, initial concentration of resorcinol, carbon dosage in the solution on percentage adsorption and adsorption capacity of the bark have been analysed. The equilibration time was found to be 4 h. Kinetics of resorcinol onto activated carbons was checked for pseudo first order and pseudo second order model. It was found that the adsorption of resorcinol follows pseudo second order kinetics for both MOAC1 and MOAC2. The isotherm data were correlated with isotherm models, namely Langmuir and Freundlich. Adsorption isotherms were satisfactorily fitted by both the Langmuir and Freundlich model for MOAC1 and MOAC2.

The objective of this work is to study the feasibility of the preparation of the activated carbon (AC) from coconut tree flowers using high temperature fluidized bed reactor (HTFBR). The activating agent used in this work is steam. The reactor was operated at various activation temperature (650, 700, 750, 800 and 850℃) and activation time (30, 60, 120 and 240 min) for the production of AC from coconut tree flowers. Effect of activation time and activation temperature on the quality of the AC preparation was observed. Prepared AC was characterized in-terms of iodine number, methylene blue number, methyl violet number, ethylene glycol mono ethyl ether (EGME) surface area and SEM photographs. The best quality of AC from coconut tree flowers (CFC) was obtained at an activation temperature and time of 850℃ and 1 hr restectively. The effectiveness of carbon prepared from coconut tree flowers in adsorbing crystal violet from aqueous solution has been studied as a function of agitation time, carbon dosage, and pH. The adsorption of crystal violet onto AC followed second order kinetic model. Adsorption data were modeled using both Langmuir and Freundlich classical adsorption isotherms. The adsorption capacity qm was 277.78 mg/g., equilibrium time was found to be 180 min. This adsorbent from coconut tree flowers was found to be effective for the removal of CV dye.

In the present study Sisal fiber obtained from the leaves of Agave sisalana has been chosen to validate its viability as an adsorbent for the removal of Nickel from aqueous solutions. The material was also surface modified and its effect on adsorption of Nickel was also studied. Agave sisalana fiber was found to be a cheap and effective adsorbent doing away with the need to activate the material therby reducing processing cost. The equilibrium studies indicated that the adsorption capacity of raw fiber and the surface modified fiber was 8.66 and 9.77 mg/g respectively with the Langmuir isotherm describing the adsorption phenomena better than the Freundlich and Temkin isotherm. The adsorption was found to be exothermic from the thermodynamic studies and the kinetics showed that the adsorption phenomena were second order.

Tomatoes are considered as one of the main components of daily meals in most households. Thus, it is important to invest in studies enhancing their yield and nutritional value. The study evaluated the effect of wood vinegar (WV) on tomato under greenhouse conditions. Data on fruit number, fruit weight, and plant height were recorded. Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of tomato were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, respectively. FRR-CF+500x-WV significantly increased the fruit number (86.11%) and fruit weight (81.78%) over the control. Results were comparable to HRR-CF+250x-WV, indicating that conventional fertilizer and WV may have synergistic effect on each other. TPC and scavenging effect on DPPH radical was improved by 250x-WV application. The increase in the phenolic compounds can be attributed to WV as a direct source or as a factor triggering the plants to produce more secondary metabolites with the purpose of increasing natural defenses. The significant effect obtained by applying the full recommended rate of conventional fertilizer on the carotenoid content was due to the availability of the major nutrients needed by the plant. Correlation analysis showed that carotenoids have negative correlation with TPC and DPPH. However, TPC and DPPH showed that these are positively correlated with each other. Tomatoes are excellent source of antioxidants associated with the reduction of some human diseases and improved health. The results provided evidence that WV alone and/or its combination with conventional fertilizers has favorable effects on the quality of tomato.