This paper aims to study the modeling and controller of an electrically driven tractor optimized for energy efficiency under off-road conditions and when subjected to loads such as plowing. The dynamic model design is aimed at a 30kW electric tractor. The vehicle model consists of a 30kW motor, transmission, wheels, and a controller, designed using the commercial software Matlab/Simulink. In order to optimize energy efficiency under load conditions, this paper designs and implements a PID controller focusing on the vehicle's speed and wheel slip. The newly proposed electric tractor modeling and PID controller aim to demonstrate improved energy efficiency through simulation.

본 연구에서는 “이온젤” 이라고 불리는 고분자 기반의 PVA(polyvinyl alcohol) 기반의 고체 전 해질에 이온성 액체 BMIMBF4 (1-buthyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate)를 첨가하여 제조한 전 고체 전해질과 활성탄소와 금속유기골격체 복합재료 기반의 전극 재료를 이용하여 슈퍼커패시터를 제작 하였으며, 유기골격체의 유 무에 따른 전기화학적 특성을 분석하여 보았다. 슈퍼커패시터의 전기화학적 특 성은 순환전압전류법(CV), 전기화학적 임피던스 분광법(EIS) 및 전정류 충·방전법(GCD)을 통하여 비교 및 분석하여 보았다. 그 결과로, 금속유기골격체가 함유되지 않은 슈퍼커패시터의 전기용량값은 380 F/g 으로 확인 할 수 있었고, 이 값은 금속유기골격체를 첨가하였을 때 340 F/g로 감소하는 현상을 확인할 수 있었 다. 이러한 결과로 1 wt%의 금속유기골격체의 함유량은 전기화학적 특성 감소에 영향을 주는 것으로 사료 되며 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 금속유기골격체의 첨가량을 최적화 할 필요가 있다고 판단된다

Zn-ion supercapacitors (ZICs) show high energy densities with long cycling life for use in electronic devices. Porous Zn electrodes as anodes for ZICs are fabricated by chemical etching process using optimized conditions. The structures, morphologies, chemical bonding states, porous structure, and electrochemical behavior are examined. The optimized porous Zn electrode shows a root mean square of roughness of 173 nm and high surface area of 153 μm2. As a result, ZIC using the optimized porous Zn electrode presents excellent electrochemical performance with high specific capacitance of 399 F g−1 at current density of 0.5 A g−1, high-rate performance (79 F g−1 at a current density of 10.0 A g−1), and outstanding cycling stability (99 % after 1,500 cycles). The development of energy storage performance using synergistic effects of high roughness and high surface area is due to increased electroactive sites by surface functionalization of Zn electrode. Thus, our strategy will lead to a rational design and contribute to next-generation supercapacitors in the near future.

Chlor-alkali (CA) membranes as key materials to generate chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide are composed of sulfonic acid layer (S-layer) and carboxylic acid layer (C-layer) to provide fast sodium ion transport and slow hydroxide ion diffusion, respectively. Aciplex F, a representative CA membrane is made in a double layer form via thermal adhesion of both layers after each single layer film is independently fabricated. Unfortunately, the membrane fabrication induces delamination particularly in their interface as a result of hydroxide ion diffusion occurring during CA operation, leading to rapid increase in electrochemical overpotential. In this study, selective chemical conversion technique was developed to solve the delamination issue. Their effectiveness was proved by applying the same concept to a wide range of PFSA membrane.

The slow diffusion of pollutants to the surface of electrodes has limited the contact between OH radicals and micropollutants in electro-oxidation processes. In this study, conductive hollow fiber membrane (CHF) made with multi-walled carbon nanotube (CHF) was fabricated and operated with flow-through system. During the electro-oxidation of three micropollutants, a conventional flow-by reactor showed less than 60% of removals at the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 minutes, while flow-through operation could achieve complete removal for all tested micropollutants at the same HRT. Moreover, the flow-through system exhibited complete removals even at the HRT of 1 minutes, while that of flow-by system were less than 10 %.

Most of steam power plant in Korea are heating the feed water system to prevent freezing water flowing in the pipe in winter time. The heating system is operated whenever the ambient temperature around the power plant area below 5 degree Centigrade. But this kind of heat supplying system cause a lot of energy consuming. If we think about the method that the temperature of the each pipe is controled by attaching the temperature measuring sensor like RTD sensor and heat is supplied only when the outer surface temperature of the pipe is under 5 degree Centigrade, then we can save a plenty of energy. In this study, the computer program package for simulation is used to compare the energy consumption load of both systems. Energy saving rate is calculated for the location of Youngweol area using the data of weather station in winter season, especially the January' severe weather data is analyzed for comparison. Various convection heat transfer coefficients for the ambient air and the flowing water inside the pipe was used for the accurate calculation. And also the various initial flowing water temperature was used for the system. Steady state analysis is done previously to approximate the result before the simulation. The result shows that the temperature control system using RTD sensor represents the high energy saving effect which is more than 90% of energy saving rate. Even in the severe January weather condition, the energy saving rate is almost 60%.

Marine caused pollution occurs mostly near coastal area and its main cause was known to be human feces issued from small vessels. To sterilize liquid pollutants from portable toilets of small vessels, an electrolysis treatment is judged to be the most economic and stable method considering an environment of its use. In this paper, we presents an electrolysis apparatus which is the most appropriate for sterilizing pollutants from portable toilets of small vessels and derives the minimum operating time of the apparatus for sterilizing norovirus which is a main target of marine caused pollution sources. In order to utilize renewable energy, we designed an apparatus which generates a renewable energy from solar cells. As a result, we could confirm the applicability of the proposed system with the results from experiments in three cases of different weather conditions.

Recently, all-electrified houses have constructed and some tasks are being carried out to monitor energy consumption patterns. The energy monitoring includes various elements such as temperature, pressure, water flow, CO2, and electricity. In this monitoring, electricity consumption is one of the essential factors because the performance and energy saving levels are described by this physical quantity. This quantity depends on materials, structure, operation of the house, which operation means consumer's life style and usage patterns of home appliances furthermore. Firstly, this paper shows a control simulation method which were developed a few years ago. And some different methods are proposed considering flexible experimental condition.

전기전자 및 디스플레이 산업에 다양한 응용이 기대되는 전도성 고분자인 PPP(Polyparaphenylene)는 단순한 구조와 비교적 높은 열적 안정성을 가지고 있으나 전기적 특성은 기존의 물질보다 낮아 그 응용이 더디게 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 전도성 고분자의 전기적 특성을 개선하기 위해 이온주입법을 이용하여 전기전도성을 개선하는 연구를 진행하였다. 5keV에서 30keV 정도의 아주 낮은 에너지를 이용하여 이온을 가속시킴으로서 시편의 특성 열화를 최소화 할 수 있었다. 이온주입법으로 개선된 시편의 전기전도성은 향후 OTFT와 같은 Organic Electronics Device로서의 사용 가능성을 보였으며 이온의 종류와 주입정도에 따라 Thermoelectric power의 크기가 달라지는 반도체 소재로서의 특성을 나타내어 향후 다양한 형태의 소자에 응용될 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다. 실험으로 확인된 최적의 이온주입에너지는 10keV에서 15keV의 값을 나타내었다.