A casualty-estimation framework has been proposed that incorporates building-scale, time-varying occupancy data (considering factors such as size, use, and time of day) into earthquake loss modeling. Information from Seumter building records is combined with KOSIS population data, and HAZUS modules are used to estimate both the baseline population and dynamic occupancy at the building level. Case studies have shown a close alignment with observed data, with no significant model flaws, indicating the framework’s operational readiness. This approach moves beyond broad administrative totals to provide micro-spatial resolution suitable for Korea’s rapid seismic attenuation and localized damage patterns. It enables accurate, time-sensitive casualty estimates. The framework is designed to be scalable to include additional data sources, such as mobility, transportation, and activity patterns. It supports effective evacuation and shelter planning, surge capacity management, and prioritization of retrofitting, leading to more efficient resource allocation. Furthermore, the framework provides a consistent method to integrate future data streams and quantify uncertainty without disrupting the core workflow.

Salmonella는 전 세계적으로 위장관 질환을 일으키는 주 요 식중독 원인균 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 유통 닭고기에서 분리된 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) IJCS4-13 균주에 대해 WGS를 이용한 유전체 분석을 진행하였다. 해당 균주의 유전체는 4,678,812 bp 크기의 원형 염색체 (G+C 함량 52.17%)와 59,372 bp 크기의 플라스미드 (G+C 함량 51.96%)로 구성되어 있었다. 유전체 분석 결과, 총 147개 의 병원성 관련 유전자를 확인하였다. 이들 유전자는 부 착, 침입, 대식세포 내 생존, 스트레스 적응 등 다양한 병 원성 기전에 관여하는 것으로 알려져있다. 따라서 본 균 주는 다수의 병원성 인자를 보유하고 있어 높은 독력 잠 재력을 지니고 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구에서 보고한 유 전체 정보는 S. Enteritidis의 병원성 메커니즘 규명 및 식 품 매개 감염병 관리에 중요한 기초 자료를 제공할 것이다.

This study assessed how fruit size and cultivation region affect the distribution of carotenoids and flavonoids in sweet persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.). We quantified concentrations in the whole fruit, peel, and pulp, and compared them across different size grades and cultivation regions. The fruit size did not significantly influence the levels of carotenoids or flavonoids, suggesting a limited direct relationship with phytochemical accumulation. Notably, the peel consistently contained the highest concentrations of the compounds analyzed. Regional comparisons revealed significant variability. In the whole fruit, flavonoids—except for quercetin 3-O-galactoside (Q3Gal)—were most concentrated in Gwangyang. In the peel, Q3Gal, quercetin 3-O-glucoside (Q3Glu), and zeaxanthin were most abundant in Naju–Yeongam, while β-carotene peaked in Gimhae–Changwon. To identify environmental influences, we examined climatic variables and found that a larger diurnal temperature range during the dormancy stage of fruit development correlated positively with higher flavonoid levels. Overall, these findings indicate that the functional components of sweet persimmon are primarily influenced by the growing region—potentially due to local weather conditions—rather than by fruit size. Additionally, consuming persimmons with their peel may enhance the intake of beneficial plant-derived compounds.