노년기로의 진입을 앞두고 있는 예비노인세대는 중년기에서 노년기의 전환과정에 있는 연령집단으로 개인과 가족의 문제, 급변하는 사회구조 및 환경과의 상호작용 과정에서 겪게 되는 죽음불안의 영향으로 삶의 희 망에 위협을 받을 가능성이 매우 높다. 그동안 영성과 삶의 의미는 의미 있고 가치 있는 삶을 영위하는데 있어서 삶에 대한 불안의 기초가 되는 죽음불안으로부터 예비노인세대를 보호해주는 주요요인으로 밝혀져 왔 다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2003년 일본어로 출간된 후 영어, 독일어, 한국 어로 번역되어 전 세계인들에게 책으로부터 선구자로부터 삶과 죽음을 둘러싼 다양한 만남을 통해 영성과 삶의 의미에 대한 깊은 성찰을 가능 하게 한 『잘 살고 잘 웃고 좋은 죽음과 만나다』를 중심으로 분석하였다. 텍스트를 분석한 결과, 영성과 삶의 의미는 예비노인세대의 삶의 희망을 위협하는 죽음불안에 대한 보호요인으로 작용할 가능성이 매우 높은 것으 로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 예비노인세대의 영성과 삶의 의미를 강화할 수 있는 방안을 논의하였다.
우리는 한국 산림군락의 주요 우점종인 신갈나무와 소나 무 그리고 조림지의 주요 종중 하나인 잣나무 중에 어느 유식물이 그늘에 내성이 강한지 알아보고자 하였다. 우리는 실험환경을 전일광(100%, 52.87μmol m-2s-1)에서 차광막 1겹(53.3%, 28.21μmol m-2s-1), 2겹(24.7%, 13.05μmol m-2s-1), 3겹(3.6%, 1.88μmol m-2s-1)으로 나누었다. 생육 이 고른 신갈나무, 잣나무, 소나무 3년생을 2016년 10월에 각 환경에 이식하여 2017년 9월에 소지길이와 생존율을 측 정하였다. 그 결과 광량이 같은 경우 종간 생육의 차이는 없었으며, 같은 종에서 광에 따른 소지길이 비교 결과 세 종 모두 차이가 없었다. 하지만 생존율을 비교한 결과, 차광 막이 1겹(53.3%)일 경우에는 세 종 모두 생존율이 100%였 다. 2겹(24.7%)일 경우에는 신갈나무와 잣나무의 생존율이 100% 소나무는 0%였다. 3겹(3.6%)일 경우에는 잣나무의 생존율이 100%, 신갈나무가 66.7% 그리고 소나무가 0%였 다. 이러한 결과는 수관으로 투과되는 광량의 높고 낮음이 세 종의 초기 생육에 영향을 끼치진 않으나, 생존에 영향을 끼칠 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 산림군락에서 종자부터 발아 한 소나무 묘목은 피도가 높아서 광량이 낮을 경우 살지 못할 것으로 판단된다. 하지만 잣나무 유식물의 경우 광량 에 상관없이 잘 자랄 것으로 판단된다.
Recently, there has been a tendency to use composite deck plates in high-rise building and apartment construction due to its cost efficiency and less installation time. The purpose of current study is to clarify structural performance of deck plate and further safety through carefully designed experimental program. In order to clarify bending capacity and joint continuity, specimens were divided for positive and negative moment and testing parameters are thickness of deck plate, slab thickness, and various reinforcements The results of experimental test are following; (1) When the thickness of deck plate is 1.0mm, the strength increased by 1.3~10.1%, and 2.0~3.5% comparing the case of 0.8mm deck plate thickness. The thickness of deck plate did not play significant role in terms of strength of the slab in both positive and negative moment tests. (2) The yield strength of slab in positive moment test, having 200mm slab thickness and D13 reinforcement steel, was increased by 28.4~34.8% comparing 160mm slab thickness and D10 reinforcement steel case. And 22.4~25.1% of yield strength was increased after install bottom reinforcement steel. (3) In negative moment test results showed that the increase of yield strength when the bottom reinforcement installed was 2.0~2.3% in 200mm slab thickness and 2.0~3.0% in 160mm slab thickness. In positive moment test, the increase of yield strength was 22.8~26.7% in 200mm slab thickness due to bottom reinforcement, and 11.4~20.5% in 160mm slab thickness. The reason being bottom reinforcement in negative moment contributes less amount of yield strength compare to positive moment location is that the bottom reinforcement resists compression force where the deck plate has enough strength already.
The structure which was designed until then had no resistance to earthquake, since enforcement ordinance for seismic design was established in 1988. Most of mid or low story building have no resistance to earthquake, though it is the structure which was designed since then. Prior to this experiment, the experiment, which was repair and retrofit method for seismic performance progress of the reinforcement structure which was not designed to be protected from an earthquake, had been performed and obtained good results. The aim of study is that repair the structure and evaluate seismic performance of the repaired structure in the case of the structure damaged by earthquake.
The purposes of this study were to examine the effect of two different pelvic alignments and the Valsalva maneuver on electromyographic (EMG) activity of the erector spinae during squat lifting and lowering, and to find an efficient method for squat lifting and lowering. Twenty hea1thy men in their twenties lifted and lowered loads using four different methods: 1) anterior pelvic tilt position with the Valsalva maneuver, 2) anterior pelvic tilt position without the Valsalva maneuver, 3) posterior pelvic tilt with the Valsalva maneuver, 4) posterior pelvic tilt without the Valsalva maneuver. The EMG activity of erector spinae was recorded during both lifting and lowering with each method. The EMG activity of each individual was normalized to EMG activity produced by muscle during maximal voluntary contraction. Two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures () was used to analyze the effect of the two factors: 1) pelvic tilt position (anterior pelvic tilt, posterior pelvic tilt), 2) the Valsalva maneuver (with and without). Analysis was performed separately for the lifting and lowering. The results were as follows: 1) EMG activity of erector spinae was greater when the pelvis was tilted anteriorly than when the pelvis was tilted posteriorly during squat lifting and squat lowering. 2) There was no difference between EMG activity of erector spinae with the Valsalva maneuver and EMG activity of erector spinae without the Valsalva maneuver during squat lifting and squat lowering. These results suggest that the greater EMG activity of erector spinae with an anterior pelvic tilt position during squat lifting and squat lowering may ensure optimal muscular support for the spine while handling loads, but the Valsalva maneuver may have less effect on erector spinae.