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Expression Patterns and Signaling Modulations of Regulator of G Protein Signaling (Rgs19) in Mouse Secondary Palate
Palatal development is one of the crucial events in craniofacial morphogenesis, according to the significant signaling pathway. In the fusion of palatal shelves, EMT is a fundamental process to achieve the proper morphogenesis of palate. Mechanisms of EMT have been reported as the processes of migration, apoptosis or general EMT through the modulations through various signalling molecules. Rgs19, known as a RGS family through GTPase activity, showed the interesting epithelial expression patterns in various organogenesis including the significant expression patterns of Rgs19 in palatal development. To evaluate the precise function of Rgs19 in palatogenesis, we employed the loss of function studies using AS-ODN treatments while in vitro palate organ cultivations. Knock-down of Rgs19 using treatments of AS-ODN showed the retarded palatal fusion with the decreased patterns of apoptosis in mesial epithelium edge (MEE). In addition, alteration patterns of related genes were examined with the qRT-PCR. And EMT process was delayed in MEE throught staining of pancytokeratin, which known as epithelial cell marker. These results show that expression of Rgs19 in MEE has crucial role of EMT, also Rgs19 affects to palatal fusion by regulation of apoptosis through the signalling modulations. Palatal development is one of the crucial events in craniofacial morphogenesis, according to the significant signaling pathway. In the fusion of palatal shelves, EMT is a fundamental process to achieve the proper morphogenesis of palate. Mechanisms of EMT have been reported as the processes of migration, apoptosis or general EMT through the modulations through various signalling molecules. Rgs19, known as a RGS family through GTPase activity, showed the interesting epithelial expression patterns in various organogenesis including the significant expression patterns of Rgs19 in palatal development. To evaluate the precise function of Rgs19 in palatogenesis, we employed the loss of function studies using AS-ODN treatments while in vitro palate organ cultivations. Knock-down of Rgs19 using treatments of AS-ODN showed the retarded palatal fusion with the decreased patterns of apoptosis in mesial epithelium edge (MEE). In addition, alteration patterns of related genes were examined with the qRT-PCR. And EMT process was delayed in MEE throught staining of pancytokeratin, which known as epithelial cell marker. These results show that expression of Rgs19 in MEE has crucial role of EMT, also Rgs19 affects to palatal fusion by regulation of apoptosis through the signalling modulations.
