Transgenic pigs are promising donor organisms for xenotransplantation as they share many anatomical and physiological characteristics with humans. Recently, a step has been moved closer to xenotransplantation by producing genetically modified pigs that has no α-1,3-Gal epitope, the major xenoantigens triggering HAR of pig to primate xenografts. Further genetic modifications such as expression of human complementary regulatory proteins, CD39, endothelial protein C receptor, heme-oxygenase 1, thrombomodulin, tissue factor pathway inhibitoras well as modulators of the HLA-E/β-2-microglobulin, and CTLA-4Ig are due to address for further rejection mechanisms and incompatibilities between porcine and primate blood coagulation systems. Although the pig is the favored species for use as a xenograft donor, a detailed description of the transgenic pig development and surgical technique is lacking which seems mandatory to address for broader understanding of this issue.

ABSTRACT   INTRODUCTION   MAJOR OBSTACLES IN XENOTRANSPLANTATION    Immunological    Microbiological   TRANSGENIC TECHNOLOGY AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE   SUS SCROFAGENOME MODIFICATION   CONSIDERATIONS FOR ANIMAL MODELS FOR HEART TRANSPLANTATION   SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS   FUTURE DIRECTIONS   CONCLUSION   REFERENCES

• 수프리야 시와니(강원대학교 의생명공학과) | Supriya Shiwani
• 왕명현(강원대학교 의생명공학과) | Myeong Hyeon Wang
• 나레시 쿠마 싱(강원대학교 동물생명공학과) | Naresh Kumar Singh Corresponding author