In order to examine universal design, 1 have developed two analytical methodologies based on 3P(point) task analysis: structured task analysis and task matrix analysis. I also extracted nine universal design items, namely (1) adjustment, (2) redundancy, (3) specification and function transparency, (4) feedback and (5) error tolerance, (6) effective acquisition of information, (7) ease of understanding and judgment, (8) comfortable operation, and (9) continuity of information and operation. Structured task analysis is used to uncover problems in each of the tasks constituting a job for each functionally challenged condition of users, and solutions to the extracted problems are examined in terms of the above-mentioned nine universal design items. Task matrix analysis calls for the production of a table for each task in a job. In each table, nine items form the columns, and the horizontal rows list all disability types. Then, solutions are formulated for each cell formed by the intersecting columns and rows. Using these two analysis methods, 1 have conducted a verification experiment for the universal design of a public bus. The results of the research have enabled me to propose various ,solutions from a system-based perspective, instead of coming up with the superficial and isolated solutions which are normally produced when conventional analytical methods are used.

• Toshiki Yamaoka