Caffeine as a killing and repellent agent for snails (Acusta despecta) and slugs (Deroceras varians) on horticultural plants
Snails and slugs are members of the mollusk phylum. They are similar in biology and structure, except slugs lack the snail's external spiral shell. Snails and slugs feed on a variety of living plants, decaying plant matter, fruit, and flowers. They are among the most bothersome creatures on horticultural crops such as Chinese cabbage, cabbage, lettuce, ginseng, lily, and orchid (Kim et al., 1990; Kim, 1992; Sorensen, 1994). Several species of