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New Strain Selection of Agaricus bisporus by Crossbreeding Program
- 언어ENG
- URLhttps://db.koreascholar.com/Article/Detail/277022
The purpose of this study was to breed new white strains of Agaricus bisporus with high yield and high quality by single spore crossbreeding program. In Agaricus bisporus the compatibility of strains is controlled by one mating type factor and different alleles are needed for fertility in . Fertile vegetative mycelium called heterokaryon consists of a network cells, each of which has a variable number of two genetically distinct nuclei with opposite mating type. In the basidia, specialized cells on the lamellae, a normal meiosis takes place after nuclear fusion and produces two spores, each containing two non-sister nuclei (n+n). Fruiting tests show that these single spore cultures can produce mushrooms, i.e. that they contain both mating types. Because of this secondarily homothallism, only a small percentage of the basidia produce 3 or 4 spores, which are mostly haploid (n) and do not fruit. Single spore cultures derived from these types of spores produce a vegetative mycelium that also contain a variable number of genetically identical nuclei per cell called homokaryon. Other characteristics of A. bisporus is the lack of clamp connections in heterokaryons. The typical life cycle and the lack of differences between homo- and heterokaryons are a serious drawback in breeding. Therefore, the availability of uninucleate self-sterile homokaryons is a pre-requisite for producing hybrids in crossbreeding program. Two homokaryons were isolated from two parental strains, SSU413 and CM0299021. They were crossed and cultivated on a small scale and on a commercial scale at a farm. For this, the spawn was made by a commercial spawn producer and the spawned compost by a commercial compost producer. The mature cap shape of new strain CM021002 is oblate spheroid and the immature cap shape is round to oblate spheroid. The cap diameter ranged from 30-43mm, with an average of 39mm. In comparison with white strain 505 Ho, the strain had a yield that was on average 9% higher. It produced fruiting bodies which had a higher weight on average per fruiting body and were 19% firmer with a good shelf life.
