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Enhancing Biological Control: Olfactory Cues for Attracting Parasitoids to Buckwheat
In insects, the sense of smell is a complex and highly sensitive modality, governing essential decisions such as choice of food and oviposition sites. Plants emit substantial amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and the characteristic scent represents a dynamic communication channel. Understanding this odor-mediated system is critically important in the habitat management and in the largest view of the conservation biological control. Here we suggest that the fitness of the egg parasitoid ,an important biological control agent of the green vegetable bug may be improved through the understanding of chemical communication in the biological control system. Initially, the attractiveness of four flowering plant species, chosen from apanelofplants based on the longevity of the eggparasitoid on these plants, to T. basalis was assessed, which indicated significant behavioral attraction of T. basalis to the buckwheat flowers. Subsequently, and GC-MS analysis were carried out to identify the olfactory-active VOC semanated from buck wheat, demonstrating that the antennalol factory receptor neurons of T. basalis were responsive to some aliphatic acids as well as a few common plant volatiles. In behavioral bioassays using synthetic formulation based on the chemical and electrophysiological analysis, T. basalis exhibited significant behavioral attraction to the synthetic blend at optimum dose. The findings, in a wider perspective, form the basis for further improvement of the use of the companion plants that may increase the insects’ communities’ ability to persist in an environment.
