Due to unprecedented economic development and human aggregation since the end of 20th century, disturbances are ubiquitous across different fields, conservation, pest management, biodiversity, agriculture/forestry, fishery, and epidemics. Disturbing agents are spatially and temporally expanding and regarded difficult to analyze due to complexity residing in the totality of environment-organism relationships. Some basic mathematical models were reviewed in expressing temporal abundance and spatial distribution of populations. Ecological modelling procedure was outlined, and a few case studies were presented in pest population dispersal. Efficiency of spatial models was further illustrated in prediction and provision of management policies. Other related models such as individual based models and cellular automata were discussed additionally in expressing spatial and temporal dynamics in individual and population levels.

• Tae-Soo Chon(Division of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University)