Prey species should avoid areas where predation risk is high. However, if this is impossible, prey should reduce activities that may make them conspicuous and attract predators, such as foraging or mating. Thus, predation risk should change behavioral pattern of prey species. Not all species have same anti-predator behavioral patterns because they have evolved in the presence of different types or number of predators in their habitat. In this study we measured microhabitat use and escape initiation distance to identify how sensitive each species is to approaching predators. We measured jumping performance and morphological characteristics to reveal the relationship between jumping and morphology and whether jumping is helpful for escaping from predators' attack. Finally, we compared the survival rate among three species to identify how survival rate is affected by anti-predator behavioral patterns. The survivorship was related to microhabitat use and to the escape initiation distance, rather than on the jumping ability. We predicted that a species with the best survival rate will have superior jumping ability in order to escape from predators at the moment when they were attacked by predators. The jumping ability, however, was probably limited by hydrodynamic and morphological constraints, so jumping appears to contribute little to successfully escaping from predators’ attacks.

• Jae Hak Son(Laboratory of Behavioral Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University)
• Sang-Im Lee(Laboratory of Behavioral Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University)
• Piotr G. Jablonski(Laboratory of Behavioral Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University)