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Divergence in calling songs and genetic sequences in three cryptic cricket species (Genus Loxoblemmus) in Korea
The genus Loxoblemmus has three speices in Korea: L. doenitzi, L. campestris and L. equestris. Males of L. doenitzi have flat heads and triangular horns on both sides of their frons, whereas males of L. campestris and L. equestris have flat heads and no horns. The latter two species are not clearly distinguished based on morphology and thus may constitute cryptic species. We studied the divergence in morphology, calling songs, and genetic sequences to understand patterns of differentiation of these three species. Distributions of the number of file teeth and wing morphology overlapped in L. campestris and L. equestris. In calling songs, the number of pulses in a chirp was four in L. campestris, but that was greater than or equal to six in L. equestris. The genetic sequence analyses using 16S rRNA and COI barcode revealed that L. doenitzi diverged off earlier from the other two species. Thus, the genetic data were congruent with the calling song data in three Loxoblemmus species. Our results suggest that the speciation processes may be closely related to differentiation in calling songs in the Loxoblemmus complex.
