Earth’s magnetopause separating the fast and often turbulent magnetosheath and the relatively stagnant magnetosphere provides various forms of free energy that generate low-frequency surface waves. The source mechanism of this energy includes current-driven kinetic physical processes such as magnetic reconnection on the dayside magnetopause and flux transfer events drifting along the magnetopause, and velocity shear-driven (Kelvin-Helmholtz instability) or density/ pressure gradient-driven (Rayleigh-Taylor instability) magnetohydro-dynamics (MHD) instabilities. The solar wind external perturbations (impulsive transient pressure pulses or quasi-periodic dynamic pressure variations) act as seed fluctuations for the magnetopause waves and trigger ULF pulsations inside the magnetosphere via global modes or mode conversion at the magnetopause. The magnetopause waves thus play an important role in the solar wind-magnetosphere coupling, which is the key to space weather. This paper presents recent findings regarding the generation of surface waves (e.g., Kelvin- Helmholtz waves) at the Earth’s magnetopause and analytic and observational studies accountable for the linking of the magnetopause waves and inner magnetospheric ULF pulsations, and the impacts of magnetopause waves on the dynamics of the magnetopause and on the inner magnetosphere.

1. INTRODUCTION
 2. CAVITY, GLOBAL, OR WAVEGUIDE MODES
 3. KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ WAVES
 4. MAGNETIC RECONNECTION OR FLUXTRANSFER EVENTS (FTES)-DRIVEN PROCESSES
 5. CONCLUSIONS
 REFERENCES

• Kyoung-Joo Hwang(NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA, Goddard Planetary Heliophysics Institute, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA) Corresponding author