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Investigation of morphological characteristics and pollen germination in Senna tora
Senna tora (L.) Roxb. belongs to Leguminosae and its seeds are usually roasted and boiled in water to produce tea in Korea. Also the plants are well known for the treatment of Hypertension, Hepatitis, Constipation and Conjunctivitis. This study was conducted to investigate the morphological characteristics and pollen germination rates of Senna tora with the aim of genetic mapping of this species. First, we investigated morphological characteristics of domestic and international genotypes containing 51 lines in Korea and 2 lines in China. No significant differences in growth characteristics were observed among 53 genotypes. However, ST-9 line which was collected in Pyung-chang showed high growth rate at the early stage. The flower of Senna tora consists of 5 petals, 10 surgeries (7 main surgeries, 3 small surgeries), 1 pistil, and 5 sepals. After bud emergence, each petal was white in 1-2 days, turn into ivory in a week, then yellow in 8-9 days and finally bloomed in 9-10 days. Although the average flowering times of the plants were July 24, ST9 flowered in July 12. In addition, the flowers of ST9 differed from the flowers of the other genotypes. Flower of ST9 joined together with one another. Therefore, ST9 showing high growth rate at the early stage and unique flowering characteristics was selected to as the paternal line for genetic mapping study. Second, we investigated pollen germination rates for each stage of flower development. Pollen started to germinate at the yellow bud stage and pollen germination rate was highest in the bloomed flower stage. This results show that self-fertilization hardly occurs when the flower is ivory bud stage, and there is no need to use young bud flowers for artificial crossing. This work is intended to serve as the basis for the breeding of new varieties in Senna tora.
