Mannitol is commonly used to reduce intracranial and intraocular pressures and to prevent dialysis-disequilibrium syndrome. However, intravenous mannitol infusion in various cases has the potential to result in acute kidney injury (AKI). We present a case of mannitol-induced AKI that developed after low dose mannitol infusion and resulted in recovery after hemodialysis. A 66-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of left middle cerebral artery infarction. On hospital day 5, cerebral edema was observed on a follow-up MRI. D-mannitol 35 g was given intravenously every 8 hours. Four days later, serum creatinine levels were elevated from 1.2 mg/dL to 3.5 mg/dL. The serum osmolal gap was found to be 52.4 mosm/kg H2O and urine output was reduced from 2.78 mL/kg/h to 0.69 mL/kg/h over three days. Hemodialysis over 2 hours was performed and renal function subsequently improved to baseline function. A potential risk of AKI exists even with low dose mannitol infusion in patients with advanced age, underlying renal impairment, and concomitant use of nephrotoxic agents. Mannitol-induced AKI may be rapidly reversed by short-term hemodialysis.

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• You Suk Kim(Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine)
• Yun Jae Kwon(Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine)
• Jin Dong Kim(Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Med)
• You Jung Lee(Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine)
• Eun Seo Lee(Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine)
• Yu Ji Lee(Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) Corresponding author