The logic premise and discipline foundation of the construction of Chinese graphology are the unique attributes of the Chinese character system. The most basic feature of the Chinese character is “single character”. The number of “single characters” is as many as hundreds, and their long-history uninterrupted use makes the standardization of the Chinese characters quite essential. The essence of Chinese characters system is ideographic .While the function of single characters or isolated language structure, as recorded in the process of Chinese characters using history, is sometimes to differentiate, which can be taken as a complement with grammatical means. Based on this, Chinese graphology has its independent research object and scope that is the structure ontology and the structure use. This provides that the Chinese character is not only a basic discipline, but also an applied discipline. Under certain historical conditions, it can even become a “famous school”. The research of Chinese characters will inevitably involve two levels, the body and the use of the characters. Phonography does not have such attributes as Chinese characters, so it can not be a specific object of study. As a phonetic character, the number must be very limited, and can be marked for all words. The definition of the properties of the character is unclear, and the object and scope of study is vague, which makes the study of the relations between “Chinese character” and “words” a problem during the process of Chinese characters study.

摘要：漢字學或曰文字學建設的基本邏輯前提和學科賴以存在的基礎，在於 漢字體系的獨特屬性，漢字最基本字符即獨體字符，數量存在數百之多，使用歷史 悠久而未曾中斷，使得歷代漢字規範整理成爲必需。漢字體系本質是表意的，在作 爲漢語記錄字符使用過程中，對作爲孤立語結構的作用還在於若干區別功能，可以 說是具有語法手段的補充意義。基於此，文字學具有獨立的研究對象和範圍，那就 是結構本體及結構使用。由此規定了漢字學不僅是基礎學科，而且是應用性學科。 在某些歷史條件下，甚至可以成爲所謂“顯學”。漢字學的研究，必然涉及字形本 體和使用功能兩個層次。表音文字根本上不具備漢字這些屬性內容，也就不能構成 特定研究對象。作爲表音文字字符，一定是數量非常有限的，而且可以爲所有詞語 進行標記。文字性質定義不清，研究對象及相關範圍也就模糊，這就是漢字研究過 程中，字、詞等關係一直苦於糾纏的根源所在。

1. The Property of the Subject and its Object and Scope
 2. Sense of Structure and Cognition of Chinese Characters
 3. Pictophonetic Characters and Phonetic Function
 4. Transitional of body and Variant Structure
 5. Chinese Characters and Chinese Language
 NOTES
 References

• Kehe ZANG(Center for the Study and Application of Chinese Characters, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China) | 臧克和