Present study propose a dual-route perspective on emoticon usage in mobile instant messaging. One is the utility route where emoticons familiarity and perceived synchronicity of emoticons influence perceived ease of use. The other route is the affection route in which self-image congruity between emoticons and individuals drives psychological ownership.

• Sara H. Hsieh(Tunghai University, Taiwan)
• Timmy Tseng(National Cheng-chi University, Taiwan)